Podcast
Questions and Answers
A postpartum client who is not breastfeeding asks about ways to relieve breast engorgement. Which of the following should the nurse recommend?
A postpartum client who is not breastfeeding asks about ways to relieve breast engorgement. Which of the following should the nurse recommend?
- Wear a supportive bra continuously. (correct)
- Apply warm compresses before expressing milk.
- Stimulate nipples to encourage milk flow.
- Increase fluid intake to promote milk production.
A nurse is assessing a postpartum client 12 hours after delivery and notes the fundus is 3 cm above the umbilicus and deviated to the right. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
A nurse is assessing a postpartum client 12 hours after delivery and notes the fundus is 3 cm above the umbilicus and deviated to the right. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
- Encourage the client to ambulate.
- Assist the client to empty her bladder. (correct)
- Administer oxytocin as prescribed.
- Massage the fundus vigorously.
A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a postpartum client regarding lochia. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a postpartum client regarding lochia. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- Lochia flow will decrease when breastfeeding.
- Use tampons to manage lochia flow after 2 weeks.
- Report a change from serosa to rubra lochia. (correct)
- Expect a continuous flow of lochia for up to 6 weeks.
A nurse is caring for a postpartum client who reports severe perineal pain and a feeling of pressure. On assessment, the nurse notes a tense, bluish mass on the client's perineum. Which of the following actions should the nurse anticipate?
A nurse is caring for a postpartum client who reports severe perineal pain and a feeling of pressure. On assessment, the nurse notes a tense, bluish mass on the client's perineum. Which of the following actions should the nurse anticipate?
A postpartum client reports experiencing afterpains while breastfeeding her newborn. Which of the following explanations should the nurse provide?
A postpartum client reports experiencing afterpains while breastfeeding her newborn. Which of the following explanations should the nurse provide?
A nurse is assessing a postpartum client for signs of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Which of the following findings would require immediate intervention?
A nurse is assessing a postpartum client for signs of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Which of the following findings would require immediate intervention?
A nurse is providing teaching to a postpartum client who is non-immune to rubella. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
A nurse is providing teaching to a postpartum client who is non-immune to rubella. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
A nurse is caring for a postpartum client who is at risk for postpartum hemorrhage. Which of the following medications should the nurse have readily available?
A nurse is caring for a postpartum client who is at risk for postpartum hemorrhage. Which of the following medications should the nurse have readily available?
A nurse is assessing a postpartum client who delivered vaginally 24 hours ago. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider?
A nurse is assessing a postpartum client who delivered vaginally 24 hours ago. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider?
A nurse is providing discharge instructions to a postpartum client regarding perineal care. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
A nurse is providing discharge instructions to a postpartum client regarding perineal care. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
A postpartum client is diagnosed with mastitis. Which of the following instructions should the nurse provide to promote comfort and resolution of the infection?
A postpartum client is diagnosed with mastitis. Which of the following instructions should the nurse provide to promote comfort and resolution of the infection?
A nurse is caring for a postpartum client who is exhibiting signs of postpartum blues. Which of the following interventions is most appropriate?
A nurse is caring for a postpartum client who is exhibiting signs of postpartum blues. Which of the following interventions is most appropriate?
A nurse is providing education to a postpartum client about preventing urinary tract infections (UTIs). Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
A nurse is providing education to a postpartum client about preventing urinary tract infections (UTIs). Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
A nurse is assessing a postpartum client who has developed a fever, chills, and flu-like symptoms. The client reports a localized area of pain and redness on one breast. Which of the following conditions should the nurse suspect?
A nurse is assessing a postpartum client who has developed a fever, chills, and flu-like symptoms. The client reports a localized area of pain and redness on one breast. Which of the following conditions should the nurse suspect?
A nurse receives an order to administer methylergonovine to a postpartum client. Which of the following conditions in the client's history would contraindicate the use of this medication?
A nurse receives an order to administer methylergonovine to a postpartum client. Which of the following conditions in the client's history would contraindicate the use of this medication?
During a postpartum assessment, the nurse notes that the client's lochia is moderate, red, and contains small clots. The fundus is firm and at the umbilicus. What is the most appropriate nursing action?
During a postpartum assessment, the nurse notes that the client's lochia is moderate, red, and contains small clots. The fundus is firm and at the umbilicus. What is the most appropriate nursing action?
A nurse is caring for a client who is 1 day postpartum following a vaginal delivery. The client reports perineal pain of 7 on a scale of 0 to 10. Which nursing intervention is most appropriate?
A nurse is caring for a client who is 1 day postpartum following a vaginal delivery. The client reports perineal pain of 7 on a scale of 0 to 10. Which nursing intervention is most appropriate?
A nurse is providing discharge instructions to a client who had a cesarean section. Which instruction should the nurse include to promote wound healing and prevent complications?
A nurse is providing discharge instructions to a client who had a cesarean section. Which instruction should the nurse include to promote wound healing and prevent complications?
A nurse is caring for a postpartum client who is experiencing heavy lochia and a boggy uterus. After providing fundal massage, the nurse notes continued heavy bleeding. Which medication should the nurse anticipate will be prescribed by the provider?
A nurse is caring for a postpartum client who is experiencing heavy lochia and a boggy uterus. After providing fundal massage, the nurse notes continued heavy bleeding. Which medication should the nurse anticipate will be prescribed by the provider?
A nurse is teaching a postpartum client about the importance of Kegel exercises. Which statement indicates the client understands the purpose of these exercises?
A nurse is teaching a postpartum client about the importance of Kegel exercises. Which statement indicates the client understands the purpose of these exercises?
A postpartum client expresses concern about not feeling attached to her newborn. Which nursing response is most appropriate?
A postpartum client expresses concern about not feeling attached to her newborn. Which nursing response is most appropriate?
Which assessment finding in a postpartum client should alert the nurse to a potential complication?
Which assessment finding in a postpartum client should alert the nurse to a potential complication?
A nurse is teaching about newborn safety to a postpartum client. Which statement indicates a need for further teaching?
A nurse is teaching about newborn safety to a postpartum client. Which statement indicates a need for further teaching?
Which of the following nursing interventions is most important for preventing postpartum hemorrhage??
Which of the following nursing interventions is most important for preventing postpartum hemorrhage??
A postpartum client is diagnosed with endometritis. Which of the following findings would the nurse expect to observe?
A postpartum client is diagnosed with endometritis. Which of the following findings would the nurse expect to observe?
Which of the following is the most reliable indicator of adequate fluid replacement in a postpartum client with hemorrhage?
Which of the following is the most reliable indicator of adequate fluid replacement in a postpartum client with hemorrhage?
A nurse is assessing a postpartum client and observes a constant trickle of bright red blood from the vagina despite a firm fundus. Which of the following should the nurse suspect?
A nurse is assessing a postpartum client and observes a constant trickle of bright red blood from the vagina despite a firm fundus. Which of the following should the nurse suspect?
Which intervention should the nurse include in the plan of care for a postpartum client at risk for thromboembolic disease?
Which intervention should the nurse include in the plan of care for a postpartum client at risk for thromboembolic disease?
A nurse is caring for a postpartum client who is refusing to care for her newborn and states, "I wish I never had this baby." Which postpartum mood disorder is the client most likely experiencing?
A nurse is caring for a postpartum client who is refusing to care for her newborn and states, "I wish I never had this baby." Which postpartum mood disorder is the client most likely experiencing?
A postpartum client, 3 days postpartum, calls the clinic and reports a painful, hard area in her breast, a temperature of 101°F, and chills. Which of the following conditions should the nurse suspect?
A postpartum client, 3 days postpartum, calls the clinic and reports a painful, hard area in her breast, a temperature of 101°F, and chills. Which of the following conditions should the nurse suspect?
A newly delivered client is complaining of stress incontinence when sneezing or coughing. Which intervention should the nurse suggest?
A newly delivered client is complaining of stress incontinence when sneezing or coughing. Which intervention should the nurse suggest?
A nurse is assessing a postpartum client for Homans' sign. Which technique is correct?
A nurse is assessing a postpartum client for Homans' sign. Which technique is correct?
A client is 2 hours postpartum after delivering a 9 lb, 10 oz baby. The nurse notes that the client has saturated a perineal pad in 15 minutes. What is the priority nursing action?
A client is 2 hours postpartum after delivering a 9 lb, 10 oz baby. The nurse notes that the client has saturated a perineal pad in 15 minutes. What is the priority nursing action?
A nurse is providing client teaching on perineal care after an episiotomy. Which of the following instructions should be included?
A nurse is providing client teaching on perineal care after an episiotomy. Which of the following instructions should be included?
Flashcards
Engorgement of the breasts
Engorgement of the breasts
Breast fullness caused by lymphatic circulation, milk production, and vein congestion.
Involution of the uterus
Involution of the uterus
It is the process where the uterus returns to its pre-pregnancy size and condition.
Afterpains
Afterpains
Uncomfortable uterine cramping after birth.
Lochia Rubra
Lochia Rubra
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Lochia Serosa
Lochia Serosa
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Lochia Alba
Lochia Alba
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Promote normal bowel function
Promote normal bowel function
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Postpartum urinary retention
Postpartum urinary retention
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Increased risk for thrombus formation
Increased risk for thrombus formation
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Hemorrhage
Hemorrhage
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Vaccinations to administer
Vaccinations to administer
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Taking-in phase
Taking-in phase
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Taking-hold phase
Taking-hold phase
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Letting-go phase
Letting-go phase
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Parental Roles
Parental Roles
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Uterine atony
Uterine atony
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Subinvolution of uterus
Subinvolution of uterus
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Inversion of the uterus
Inversion of the uterus
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Retained placenta
Retained placenta
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Hematoma (postpartum)
Hematoma (postpartum)
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Endometriosis
Endometriosis
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Assessment findings for endometriosis
Assessment findings for endometriosis
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Mastitis
Mastitis
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Causes of a UTI
Causes of a UTI
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Risk Factors for UTI
Risk Factors for UTI
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Urinary infections
Urinary infections
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Postpartum depression
Postpartum depression
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Postpartum Psychosis
Postpartum Psychosis
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Thrombophlebitis
Thrombophlebitis
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Pulmonary Embolus
Pulmonary Embolus
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Postpartum Period
Postpartum Period
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Endocrine System
Endocrine System
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Study Notes
Reproductive System Changes Postpartum
- Postpartum changes include breast size, shape, and engorgement.
- The uterus should be assessed for firmness or bogginess.
- The bladder should be checked for tenderness or distention.
- Bowel movement status should be monitored.
- Lochia characteristics (amount, odor, color, clots) should be evaluated.
- Episiotomy site should be examined for location, stitches, edema, and redness.
- Homan's sign should be checked (though its reliability is debated).
- Emotional status and bonding with the infant should be observed.
DVT & Homan's Sign
- A positive Homan's sign can indicate a DVT.
- The patient's leg is positioned at a 90-degree angle, and dorsiflexion of the foot reveals calf pain if positive.
- DVT signs include redness, sudden sharp pain, and warmth in the leg.
Breast Assessment
- Changes after birth involve colostrum secretion initially, followed by milk production.
- Colostrum contains antibodies.
- Engorgement occurs due to lymphatic circulation, milk production, and vein congestion, making breasts tight, tender, warm, and full.
Non-Breastfeeding vs. Breastfeeding Clients
- For clients who are non-breastfeeding, engorgement will resolve on its own, and pumping or breastfeeding should be avoided.
- Supportive bras, breast binders, ice packs, or cabbage leaves can provide relief.
- Improper latching can be a primary reason for unsuccessful breastfeeding.
- Frequent feedings and pumps can manage engorgement for clients who are breastfeeding.
Nipple Care and Latching
- Erythema, tenderness, cracked nipples, and mastitis indications should be assessed.
- Lanolin or air-drying milk can help prevent cracked nipples.
- Proper latching should be ensured to prevent sore nipples.
Latching Assessment
- The entire areola and nipple should be in the infant's mouth.
- Audible swallowing should be heard.
- Nipple type (protruding, flat, or inverted) should be noted.
- Comfort level of the mother should be assessed.
- Hold type (cradle, modified cradle, side-lying, or football) should be considered.
- Maternal dehydration, discomfort, newborn positioning, or latching difficulties can lead to ineffective feeding.
Postpartum Interventions
- Breastfeeding should be promoted within 1-2 hours after birth.
- Breastfeeding stimulates oxytocin production to prevent uterine hemorrhage.
- Education on latching techniques and breastfeeding positions is important.
- Heavy lochia during breastfeeding may be normal due to contractions.
Uterus: Involution and Assessment
- Involution of the uterus occurs as contractions cause it to return to its non-pregnant state and size.
- The uterus decreases from 1000g to 60-80g by 6 weeks.
- It should decrease by 1 fingerbreadth or 1 cm per day (uterine placement)
- After the 3rd stage of labor, the uterus is palpable at midline (2cm below the umbilicus).
- After 2 weeks, the uterus should lie within the pelvis and not be palpable.
Fundal Height and Uterine Placement Assessment
- Assess fundal height postpartum every 8 hours.
- Subinvolution is possible if the fundus is three finger breadths above the umbilicus after 8 hours.
- Position the client supine with knees slightly bent.
- While palpating, observe the flow of lochia.
- Place one hand above the pubic symphysis and cup the uterus with the other hand to assess the fundal placement.
- Document the amount of finger breadths or cm above, below, or at the umbilicus.
- Determine whether the uterine is midline or displaced by the bladder.
- Uterus should be firm, “boggy” if it is not firm.
- Begin to massage the uterus in a circular motion.
- Notify provider of massage does not help to firm the uterus.
Postpartum Hemorrhage Interventions
- Administer oxytocics IM or IV to promote contractions and prevent hemorrhage (oxytocin and misoprostol).
- Methylergonovine and carboprost should be given to encourage contractions (but can cause hypertension).
- Breastfeeding can be encouraged as it releases oxytocin and emptying the bladder prevents uterine displacement and atony.
Bowel Considerations
- Forceps, vacuum assisted delivery, and anal sphincter lacerations increase the risk of postpartum incontinence.
- Changes include increased appetite, constipation, and hemorrhoids.
- Assess hunger and return of bowel function within 2-3 days.
- Assess discomfort with defecation due to episiotomy, lacerations, or hemorrhoids.
- Early ambulation, increased fluids, and high fiber foods promote bowel function.
- Administer stool softeners to prevent constipation.
- Enemas and suppositories are contraindicated in patients with 3rd and 4th degree lacerations.
- Flatus is common after cesarean birth; assist with ambulation, rocking in chair, and avoiding gas-forming foods.
Postpartum Bladder Assessment
- Urinary retention occurs due to loss of bladder elasticity, bladder tone and/or bladder sensation from trauma, medications, anesthesia.
- Distended bladder can lead to infection, uterine atony, and uterine displacement & it lessens postpartum contractions.
- Postpartum diuresis with increased urinary output begins within 12 hours of delivery.
- Assess ability to void with perineal and urethral edema cause pain and difficulty in voiding in the first 24-48 hrs.
- voiding amount of over 3,000ML/day is normal within the first 2-3 days after birth.
- Assess for a distended bladder by fundal height above umbilicus or baseline level, fundus displacement, bladder bulging above the symphysis pubis, excessive lochia and tenderness over the bladder.
- Frequent voiding of less than 150mL indicate urinary retention or UTI.
- Assist the client to void within 6-8 hrs after delivery.
- Measure the first 2 voidings the client has, and if unable to void, catheterization may be necessary.
Lochia Stages: Rubra, Serosa, Alba
- Lochia Stages are categorized by colour, with a shift to lighter/more watery drainage.
- Lochia is a post-birth uterine discharge that contains blood, mucus, and uterine tissue.
- Lochia Rubra is dark red, bloody, has a fleshy odor and lasts 2-3 days (pad saturated in 2 hours is normal when saturated within 15 minutes is considered ABNORMAL).
- Lochia Serosa is pinkish brown, and serosanguinous as well as containing small clots lasting 4-10 days.
- Lochia Alba is yellowish-white with a fleshy odor Lasting from 10 days- 8 weeks and consists of mucus and leukocytes.
Lochia Amount
- Scant less than 2.5cm
- Light: 2.5-10cm
- Moderate: More than 10cm
- Heavy: One pad saturated within 2 hours.
- EXCESSIVE: One pad saturated within 15 min or less- EMERGENCY and should be reported
Assessment and Intervention for Lochia
- Assess COCA (color, odor, consistency, amount)
- The amount can depend on the time after birth with Q 15 for the first hour, then Q 1 hour for the next 4 hours, then Q 4-8 after
- Palpilation and contractions can increase the flow of lochia immediately and should be returned quickly
- Needs culture prior to administration of ABx, due to foul odour may indicate infection.
- Lochia can decrease is patient has a cesarean birth.
Abnormal Lochia
- Excessive spurting of bright red blood can indicate cervical or vaginal tear
- Foul oder indicates a need to culture to test for signs of infection and to administer ABx.
- Large and numerous clots can indicate signs of hemorrahge.
- Persistent heavy rubra beyond day 3 can indicate retained placental fragments and endometriosis especially with abdominal tenderness as well as fever and can indicate flow that is continual by the serosa or alba.
- To do and educate frequent pad changes and to perform hand hygiene while avoiding tampons which increase the risk for infection.
Cervix, Vagina and Perineum Post Partum
- Cervis may be edematous, bruised and have small lacerations by which within 2-3 will shorten and regain firm along with lacerations which can result in a decrease amount of cervical mucus with external os having a slit like appearance.
- By that Vagina returns to prepregnancy with appearance of rugae thickening mucosa, however, even so muscle tone will never restored completely (Breastfeeding will increase vaginal dryness and atony.)
- Perineum may be erythematous as well as edematous especially caused in some cases of episiotomy including hematomas or hemorrhoids that may be present and with the pelvis floor that may be weak and over stretched
Episiotomy Assessment/Degree
- First Degree; laceration extends through the skin of the perineum but does not involve the muscles
- Second Degree; laceration extends through the skin and the muscles but not the anal sphincter
- Third Degree; laceration extends through the skin ,muscles ,Perineum ,and external anal sphincter
- Fourth Degree; laceration extends through the skin ,muscles anal sphincter, and anterior rectal wall
Perineal Interventions
- Comfort by stool softeners with; Ice / cold packs which can be applied by the first 24 hrs reduce edema an anesthetic effect and with DO NOT apply DIRECTLY to the perineum (no ice apply after 24 hrs)
- Comfort by hot packs, moist heat which also promote increase circulation along with promoting healing and comfort by sitz baths either hot or cold with 20 minutes twice a day.
- Analgesics (acetaminophen, NSAID's, and opioids) are for relief of the anal and can be administered through PCA through C section.
- educare to encourage to proper perineal care to avoid infections
Lower Extremities Coagulation levels Post Partum
- Level of coagulation factors increasing during pregnancy and will immediately increased postpartum; increase in thrombosis and thromboembolism
- Assess by Skin turgor ; pedal pulses and for any signs or symptoms of deema with assessment by indicating redness swelling and warmth
Encouraging DVT Interventions
- Interventions by early ambulation and encourning adequate fluid intake with SCDS
- Administering antiembolism stockings by removing that can come from SCD to ensure adequate fluid intake and early ambulation from medication.
Emotional Status
- Assess for pain related to surgical incisions after pains and sore nipples with appropriate administration of pain medications prescribed by PQRST for pain with education and imagery on non-pharmaceutical
- Emotion changes assess any mood that can include depression or PPBlues with assessment by allow verbations and to emotional status by observing for infant and possible ppblues with depressed appetite, difficulty to sleep (as well to Decrease of interaction and lack of communication)
- intervention including documentantion and encouragement by a environment made that can document interactions and be a bonding as well as to make any potential needed.
Changes in the Postpartum Period
- The postpartum period (puerperium) is when the body returns to a nonpregnant state.
- Typically lasts about 6 weeks.
- The highest risk is postpartum hemorrhage, shock, and infection.
- Oxytocin strengthens uterine contractions and prevents bleeding/hemorrhage or uncomfortable uterine cramping (after pains).
Return of Ovulation
- Return of ovulation is determined by breastfeeding frequency, feeding length, and nutrition if lactating.
- If nonlactating, ovulation returns ~7-9 weeks with menses after ~12 weeks.
Cardiovascular System
- Decrease in blood volume includes 300-500mL vaginal and up to 1000 c-section with diaphoresis and diuresis ~2-5 days (remove excess fluid)
- ~19 lb by Day 5, hypovolemia shock decreases from needs by eliminating the placenta of uterus
- Hemorrhage may lead to mother being in hypovolemic by decreased pressure with shaky state (HCT moderately decreases >8 weeks),WBCS by increased 20-25K(Postpartum leukocytosis and aids in prevents infections)
Interventions: The Reproductive System
- Elevated pressures includes thrombus which is formation with increased factors and fibrogens
- VS by BP that usually unchanged, by orthotics hypotension w/ possible to come to be increased in pressure however elevated is indicator of more problems occurring, pulse and cardiac out as by what to be in strokes , tachy 100* for infection)
Interventions
- Encourage fluid with early ambulation for apply thigh high compression stockings.
- Postpartum patient immunization with Rubella; should have negative titer that provides malformation in MMR form and will not pregnant >4 weeks, Titer assesses reimmunizations every 3 mo to asses immunity , and Rh- must be assessed within 72hrs with re titer assessed 3months
Continued Interventions
- Varicella patient of non-immunities
- 1month pregnant must happen within before reassessment after 4-8 weeks - > tdap given when there is no immunity to tetnus dip acellular (admin before the discharge given) endo
- After placentia delivery by the placenta estrogen and insulinase decrease(worsening of discharge ,vas lubrication,muscle loss =pro increase levels
- The Muscular and Nervous System include restored back to pre - pregnancy muscles with feet that will restabalize back to pre pregnancy ( muscle tone that helps increase restoring level of restabalizin post labor))
Maternal Phases & Transitions
- Prevent falls and assistance with sock aids, and to perform exercises by early ambulations, Body mechanics to strengthen pelvic muscles
- Maternal Role attainment with Phases: (Dep) = Taking in with first 24 hrs, Focus on personal care and needing of others (Depend Indep = Taking Hold with care of the baby and improving. = with Dealing of discomfort by Baby Blue
- Transitions comes into parenthood by which a process in committal
Transitional Interventions
- To consider the New born, Faciliate for bonding and placing the after immediately , bonding with room for both process for the bonding process
- Increase by frequent assistance in infant and parental fear while as for siblings aware for changes in parents that need more assessment of for more responsibilities and to create and for support and sibling rivalry (increased dependence
Parent Interventions
- The next couple of intervetions for is to take care to include those who provide senses and any disabilities in all phases which could be for attachment or teach by discharge and post partum - > Perineal care -> to cleansing ,to blot and to remove
- Breast care to handwash often, wear for support no wires while as to take every demand and breastfeed until soft/full by helping compress Engorgement by the warm wash every shower
- Postponement rest by rest when naps and discussing exercise, encourage activity(limit by no flights).
Continued Teaching & Interventions
- No strenuous lifting by no intercourse, with possible contraceptive needs
- Continue and watch for infection
- Complications will needed for visit which will be the follow
Postpartum Disorders
- Thrombophlebitis refers to a thrombus that is associated with inflammation
- Occurs in the lower extremities can be superficial or deep veins (femoral, saphenous, or popliteal).
- Postpartum clients are at most risk for DVT that can lead to PE
Assessment for Thrombosis
- Risk Factors Pregnancy,Operative vaginal birth,Pulmonary Embolism or Varicosities, AMA,Ambulat patient ASAP,History for thromboem
- Manifestations Leg pain unilateral swelling Warm Edema
Implementation for treating Thrombosis
- Prevention: Apply SCDs use active if possible with measure extremity
- Education,avoid immobility Elevate,Increase
- Medications Heparin, (Anticoagulant) Given IV to prevent the formation of additional clots and to prevent enlargement of existing clots. Administered continuously for 3-5 days with dosage adjusted based on coagulation studies. Must be off of Heparin for 72 hrs prior to labor.
Embolus
- Keep Protamine Sulfate - Vitamin K (antidote) ,Report all Bleeding Warfarin, Use birth , control Same as dvt tachypnea dyspnea
Postpartum Infections including DIC, Uterine Atony, Mastitis, and Puerperal Infections
- Postpartum, Phelbi and hemorrahges are issues, where it requires sources to see for problems, remove, and what to address with DIC treatment that helps as similar to itp with treatment of cause for what can be corrected which helps to assess,admin,treatments and medications
- Uterine Atony to find Risk Fracture with bleeding location to assist the fundus with the uterus.
- Mastitis to look at infection by what area with labs and where interventions are needed and treat through assessment intervention, with Antibiotics
Mental Health Disorders during Post Partum
- Post partem mood assessment: Look for different between , (baby blues,PP,Psychosis
- Causes or ( Hormones and Individual factors within the brain and trauma)
- Implementation for this with meds support and to also refer that they or any signs for the patient and for all to also remember plenty of rest.
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