Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which statements are accurate about what the nurse should tell the mother to expect in the postpartum period? (Select all that apply.)
Which statements are accurate about what the nurse should tell the mother to expect in the postpartum period? (Select all that apply.)
The Rh-negative mother should receive a dose of Rho(D) immune globulin within __ hours after giving birth to an Rh-positive infant.
The Rh-negative mother should receive a dose of Rho(D) immune globulin within __ hours after giving birth to an Rh-positive infant.
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What is the nurse’s best action when a patient who does not speak any English requires postpartum discharge teaching, and no one on the hospital staff speaks this person’s language fluently?
What is the nurse’s best action when a patient who does not speak any English requires postpartum discharge teaching, and no one on the hospital staff speaks this person’s language fluently?
A breastfeeding mother reports that she has cramping after every time she feeds her baby. The nurse informs her that these are afterpains, intermittent uterine contractions similar to menstrual cramps. What is the best healthcare provider-ordered pharmacological nursing intervention?
A breastfeeding mother reports that she has cramping after every time she feeds her baby. The nurse informs her that these are afterpains, intermittent uterine contractions similar to menstrual cramps. What is the best healthcare provider-ordered pharmacological nursing intervention?
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What is the hormone responsible for the production of breastmilk?
What is the hormone responsible for the production of breastmilk?
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What postpartum assessment does the acronym REEDA help a nurse remember how to complete thoroughly?
What postpartum assessment does the acronym REEDA help a nurse remember how to complete thoroughly?
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Put the following types of lochia in the order in which they occur during the postpartum period.
- Lochia serosa
- Lochia alba
- Lochia rubra
Put the following types of lochia in the order in which they occur during the postpartum period.
- Lochia serosa
- Lochia alba
- Lochia rubra
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Fluctuating crying and anxiety at 3 weeks postpartum are normal.
Fluctuating crying and anxiety at 3 weeks postpartum are normal.
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What would be considered risk factor(s) for low blood glucose after birth? (Select all that apply.)
What would be considered risk factor(s) for low blood glucose after birth? (Select all that apply.)
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The ratio of deaths of infants younger than __ year (s) during any given year to the number of live births occurring in the same year is known as the infant mortality rate.
The ratio of deaths of infants younger than __ year (s) during any given year to the number of live births occurring in the same year is known as the infant mortality rate.
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Which patient/family problem would be the priority for the newborn?
Which patient/family problem would be the priority for the newborn?
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What newborn assessments should be included as part of the NIPS scale? (Select all that apply.)
What newborn assessments should be included as part of the NIPS scale? (Select all that apply.)
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Parents of a newborn express concern over the swelling of their newborn’s scalp that crosses the suture lines. What is a nurse’s best response?
Parents of a newborn express concern over the swelling of their newborn’s scalp that crosses the suture lines. What is a nurse’s best response?
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A nurse assesses blood-tinged mucus discharge in a newborn baby girl’s diaper. What education can the nurse provide to the mother about why this is occurring in her newborn?
A nurse assesses blood-tinged mucus discharge in a newborn baby girl’s diaper. What education can the nurse provide to the mother about why this is occurring in her newborn?
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A nurse assesses a newborn’s temperature to be 36.3° C. What action should the nurse do first?
A nurse assesses a newborn’s temperature to be 36.3° C. What action should the nurse do first?
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What is usually included in parent teaching for newborn care prior to discharge? (Select all that apply.)
What is usually included in parent teaching for newborn care prior to discharge? (Select all that apply.)
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What age range is considered infancy?
What age range is considered infancy?
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Protective arm extension that occurs when an infant is suddenly thrust downward when prone is known as the parachute reflex and usually appears by age __ months.
Protective arm extension that occurs when an infant is suddenly thrust downward when prone is known as the parachute reflex and usually appears by age __ months.
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A mother verbalizes concern that her second-born son is reaching milestones but not as quickly as her first-born child. What would a nurse’s best response be?
A mother verbalizes concern that her second-born son is reaching milestones but not as quickly as her first-born child. What would a nurse’s best response be?
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What food might cause botulism if given to an infant?
What food might cause botulism if given to an infant?
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What characteristic of physical development best describes the development of an 8-month-old infant? ( select all that apply)
What characteristic of physical development best describes the development of an 8-month-old infant? ( select all that apply)
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A 9-month-old infant starts crying when a nurse takes him to sit on the examination table. The mother seems upset and states, “My baby knows that you will be doing something that hurts.” What is the best response by the nurse?
A 9-month-old infant starts crying when a nurse takes him to sit on the examination table. The mother seems upset and states, “My baby knows that you will be doing something that hurts.” What is the best response by the nurse?
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Which milestone would a nurse be most concerned with for a 12-month-old infant during a well-child checkup?
Which milestone would a nurse be most concerned with for a 12-month-old infant during a well-child checkup?
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What techniques should be used to soothe the irritable infant? (Select all that apply.)
What techniques should be used to soothe the irritable infant? (Select all that apply.)
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What is the usual site of implantation in the female reproductive system?
What is the usual site of implantation in the female reproductive system?
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An expectant mother is at her first prenatal visit. She informs the nurse that she smokes cigarettes but has cut back to approximately 10 cigarettes per week and asks if she may continue to smoke this many per week. What would be the best response?
An expectant mother is at her first prenatal visit. She informs the nurse that she smokes cigarettes but has cut back to approximately 10 cigarettes per week and asks if she may continue to smoke this many per week. What would be the best response?
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What is the most accurate response from a nurse when a pregnant woman having an ultrasound at 8 weeks of gestation asks if she may learn her expectant child's sex?
What is the most accurate response from a nurse when a pregnant woman having an ultrasound at 8 weeks of gestation asks if she may learn her expectant child's sex?
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Which hormone is produced by the placenta?
Which hormone is produced by the placenta?
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Which maternal hormone reduces uterine contractions to prevent spontaneous abortions?
Which maternal hormone reduces uterine contractions to prevent spontaneous abortions?
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Which statements are true about the placenta? (Select all that apply.)
Which statements are true about the placenta? (Select all that apply.)
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What functions does the amniotic fluid have? (Select all that apply.)
What functions does the amniotic fluid have? (Select all that apply.)
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At what time during pregnancy would patient education focus mainly on physiological changes, fetal development, and nutrition?
At what time during pregnancy would patient education focus mainly on physiological changes, fetal development, and nutrition?
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When an expectant mother asks why she needs to see a health care provider (HCP) so often during her pregnancy, what is a nurse’s best response?
When an expectant mother asks why she needs to see a health care provider (HCP) so often during her pregnancy, what is a nurse’s best response?
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Where is the irregular hyperpigmentation of chloasma found?
Where is the irregular hyperpigmentation of chloasma found?
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Varicosities of the rectum and anus that become more severe with constipation, and with descent of the infant’s head into the pelvis, are called which of the following?
Varicosities of the rectum and anus that become more severe with constipation, and with descent of the infant’s head into the pelvis, are called which of the following?
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Which symptoms are expected changes during pregnancy? (Select all that apply.)
Which symptoms are expected changes during pregnancy? (Select all that apply.)
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What are the positive signs of pregnancy? (Select all that apply.)
What are the positive signs of pregnancy? (Select all that apply.)
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Which routine assessments are made at each prenatal visit? (Select all that apply.)
Which routine assessments are made at each prenatal visit? (Select all that apply.)
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At what point does pre-eclampsia become eclampsia?
At what point does pre-eclampsia become eclampsia?
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A patient is 28 weeks pregnant and has gestational hypertension. Which symptom would indicate that her condition is becoming more severe?
A patient is 28 weeks pregnant and has gestational hypertension. Which symptom would indicate that her condition is becoming more severe?
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What is the best description of hemolytic disease of the newborn (erythroblastosis fetalis)?
What is the best description of hemolytic disease of the newborn (erythroblastosis fetalis)?
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A nurse is aware that which of the following would be least likely used to decrease the symptoms of hyperemesis gravidarum?
A nurse is aware that which of the following would be least likely used to decrease the symptoms of hyperemesis gravidarum?
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When a pregnancy occurs outside the uterine cavity, it is referred to as which of the following?
When a pregnancy occurs outside the uterine cavity, it is referred to as which of the following?
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What are the predisposing factors for placental abruption? (Select all that apply.)
What are the predisposing factors for placental abruption? (Select all that apply.)
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Which symptoms should be reported to the health care provider during the pregnancy? (Select all that apply.)
Which symptoms should be reported to the health care provider during the pregnancy? (Select all that apply.)
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Which of the following would be considered teratogens?
Which of the following would be considered teratogens?
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Which maternal assessment is expected to be seen at 24 hours after birth?
Which maternal assessment is expected to be seen at 24 hours after birth?
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Breastfeeding the newborn promotes uterine involution because it does which of the following?
Breastfeeding the newborn promotes uterine involution because it does which of the following?
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Eight hours postpartum a woman states she prefers that the nurse takes care of her newborn. The woman talks in detail about her birthing experience on the phone and to anyone who enters her room. She states she is hungry, thirsty, and sleepy and is unable to focus on the newborn care teaching offered to her. The nurse would interpret this behaviour as which of the following?
Eight hours postpartum a woman states she prefers that the nurse takes care of her newborn. The woman talks in detail about her birthing experience on the phone and to anyone who enters her room. She states she is hungry, thirsty, and sleepy and is unable to focus on the newborn care teaching offered to her. The nurse would interpret this behaviour as which of the following?
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Which of the following is a nursing intervention that does not require the written order of the primary health care provider? (Select all that apply.)
Which of the following is a nursing intervention that does not require the written order of the primary health care provider? (Select all that apply.)
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- Which would be the best way for a nurse to maintain a newborn’s temperature immediately after birth?
- Which would be the best way for a nurse to maintain a newborn’s temperature immediately after birth?
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A mother of a newly born infant reports to a nurse that her infant has had a black tarry stool. The nurse would tell the mother which of the following?
A mother of a newly born infant reports to a nurse that her infant has had a black tarry stool. The nurse would tell the mother which of the following?
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Which assessment finding of a newborn infant should be promptly reported to the health care provider? (Select all that apply.)
Which assessment finding of a newborn infant should be promptly reported to the health care provider? (Select all that apply.)
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Infections in the newborn require prompt intervention because of which of the following?
Infections in the newborn require prompt intervention because of which of the following?
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The mother states that her newborn has white pinpoint “pimples” on his nose and chin and she plans to squeeze them to make them disappear. What would be the best response by a nurse?
The mother states that her newborn has white pinpoint “pimples” on his nose and chin and she plans to squeeze them to make them disappear. What would be the best response by a nurse?
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Which observation of the newborn should be reported to the health care provider?
Which observation of the newborn should be reported to the health care provider?
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A nurse documents the following observations on a newly born infant. Which of the following should be immediately reported to the health care provider? (Select all that apply).
A nurse documents the following observations on a newly born infant. Which of the following should be immediately reported to the health care provider? (Select all that apply).
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A nurse teaching parents about car seat safety for an infant less than 10 kg should include which information?
A nurse teaching parents about car seat safety for an infant less than 10 kg should include which information?
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The nurse is discussing home safety with the mother of a 3-month-old infant. Which of the following is a priority topic?
The nurse is discussing home safety with the mother of a 3-month-old infant. Which of the following is a priority topic?
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A mother expresses concern that her 1-year-old infant is overweight. She states that her family has a tendency to be overweight and wishes to discontinue formula feedings and start the infant on low-fat milk. The nurse assesses that the present weight of the infant is 11 kg. The infant’s birth weight was 3.7 kg. The best response of the nurse would be which of the following?
A mother expresses concern that her 1-year-old infant is overweight. She states that her family has a tendency to be overweight and wishes to discontinue formula feedings and start the infant on low-fat milk. The nurse assesses that the present weight of the infant is 11 kg. The infant’s birth weight was 3.7 kg. The best response of the nurse would be which of the following?
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Which of the following is a developmental red flag for a 3-month-old infant that the nurse should record and report? (Select all that apply.)
Which of the following is a developmental red flag for a 3-month-old infant that the nurse should record and report? (Select all that apply.)
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What determines a child’s sex?
What determines a child’s sex?
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A woman who wants to become pregnant should avoid all medications unless they are prescribed by a health care provider who knows she is pregnant, due to which reason?
A woman who wants to become pregnant should avoid all medications unless they are prescribed by a health care provider who knows she is pregnant, due to which reason?
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When a couple has unprotected sexual intercourse 3 days before the woman ovulates, the risk of the woman becoming pregnant is:
When a couple has unprotected sexual intercourse 3 days before the woman ovulates, the risk of the woman becoming pregnant is:
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The purpose of the foramen ovale is to:
The purpose of the foramen ovale is to:
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Why are twins often born early?
Why are twins often born early?
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A woman arrives in the clinic for her prenatal visit. She states that she is currently 28 weeks pregnant with twins; has a 5-year-old son who was born at 39 weeks’ gestation; and a 3-year-old daughter born at 34 weeks’ gestation; and her last pregnancy terminated at 16 weeks’ gestation. The nurse will interpret her obstetrical history as:
A woman arrives in the clinic for her prenatal visit. She states that she is currently 28 weeks pregnant with twins; has a 5-year-old son who was born at 39 weeks’ gestation; and a 3-year-old daughter born at 34 weeks’ gestation; and her last pregnancy terminated at 16 weeks’ gestation. The nurse will interpret her obstetrical history as:
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Exercise during pregnancy should be practiced to achieve which of the following goals?
Exercise during pregnancy should be practiced to achieve which of the following goals?
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During a prenatal examination at 30 weeks of gestation, a woman is lying on her back on the examining table. She suddenly states she feels dizzy and feels faint. The most appropriate response of the nurse would be to:
During a prenatal examination at 30 weeks of gestation, a woman is lying on her back on the examining table. She suddenly states she feels dizzy and feels faint. The most appropriate response of the nurse would be to:
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A woman being seen for her first prenatal care appointment has a positive home pregnancy test, and her chart shows her obstetrical history to be G4T3P0A1L2. The nurse would anticipate that:
A woman being seen for her first prenatal care appointment has a positive home pregnancy test, and her chart shows her obstetrical history to be G4T3P0A1L2. The nurse would anticipate that:
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A woman’s LMP was on April 1, 2019. She has been keeping her prenatal clinic appointments regularly but states she needs to alter the dates of a future appointment because she and her partner are going on an ocean cruise vacation for the New Year’s celebration from December 30 through January 7, 2020. The best response of the nurse would be:
A woman’s LMP was on April 1, 2019. She has been keeping her prenatal clinic appointments regularly but states she needs to alter the dates of a future appointment because she and her partner are going on an ocean cruise vacation for the New Year’s celebration from December 30 through January 7, 2020. The best response of the nurse would be:
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A nurse is explaining probable signs of pregnancy with a group of women. Probable signs of pregnancy include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
A nurse is explaining probable signs of pregnancy with a group of women. Probable signs of pregnancy include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
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A woman has an incomplete abortion followed by vacuum aspiration. She is now in the recovery room with her partner and is crying softly. Select the most appropriate nursing action.
A woman has an incomplete abortion followed by vacuum aspiration. She is now in the recovery room with her partner and is crying softly. Select the most appropriate nursing action.
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A woman with a diagnosis of pre-eclampsia receives magnesium sulphate intravenously. Which of the following nursing interventions are priorities when caring for a patient who has received magnesium sulphate? (Select all that apply.)
A woman with a diagnosis of pre-eclampsia receives magnesium sulphate intravenously. Which of the following nursing interventions are priorities when caring for a patient who has received magnesium sulphate? (Select all that apply.)
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It is important to emphasize to a woman who has gestational trophoblastic disease (hydatidiform mole) that she should continue to receive follow-up medical care after initial treatment, because of which of the following?
It is important to emphasize to a woman who has gestational trophoblastic disease (hydatidiform mole) that she should continue to receive follow-up medical care after initial treatment, because of which of the following?
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What is the primary difference between the symptoms of placenta previa and placental abruption?
What is the primary difference between the symptoms of placenta previa and placental abruption?
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.During a prenatal clinic visit, a nurse provides interventions to a woman who is a victim of intimate partner violence. The nurse’s interventions should focus on which of the following?
.During a prenatal clinic visit, a nurse provides interventions to a woman who is a victim of intimate partner violence. The nurse’s interventions should focus on which of the following?
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If a pregnant woman is admitted to the emergency room in shock after an accident, the nurse would help relieve the effect of shock by doing which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
If a pregnant woman is admitted to the emergency room in shock after an accident, the nurse would help relieve the effect of shock by doing which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
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Apgar scores measure the infant's
Apgar scores measure the infant's
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In response to eliciting the Moro reflex, the infant should
In response to eliciting the Moro reflex, the infant should
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Transitional stool begins on the second or third day of life and is a
Transitional stool begins on the second or third day of life and is a
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Hydrocele is
Hydrocele is
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A nurse is assessing a newborn at 1 minute after birth.
The newborn has a heart rate of 150 bpm, a strong cry, well-flexed muscle tone, pink body with blue hands and feet, and grimaces when suctioned.
What is the newborn’s APGAR score?
A nurse is assessing a newborn at 1 minute after birth. The newborn has a heart rate of 150 bpm, a strong cry, well-flexed muscle tone, pink body with blue hands and feet, and grimaces when suctioned. What is the newborn’s APGAR score?
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.A nurse is assessing a newborn’s head and notices a swelling on the right parietal area.The nurse suspects that this is a cephalohematoma.
What is the most likely cause of this condition
.A nurse is assessing a newborn’s head and notices a swelling on the right parietal area.The nurse suspects that this is a cephalohematoma. What is the most likely cause of this condition
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.A nurse is examining a newborn’s head and observes a diffuse edema over the scalp that crosses the suture lines.The nurse recognizes this as a caput succedaneum.What should the nurse do next?
.A nurse is examining a newborn’s head and observes a diffuse edema over the scalp that crosses the suture lines.The nurse recognizes this as a caput succedaneum.What should the nurse do next?
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A nurse is inspecting a newborn’s oral cavity.
The nurse should identify that which of the following findings is a normal variation?
A nurse is inspecting a newborn’s oral cavity. The nurse should identify that which of the following findings is a normal variation?
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A nurse is assessing a newborn’s vital signs.
What is the normal range for a newborn’s heart rate?
A nurse is assessing a newborn’s vital signs. What is the normal range for a newborn’s heart rate?
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A nurse is caring for an infant who has a cephalohematoma on the left side of his skull.
Which of the following interventions should the nurse implement?
A nurse is caring for an infant who has a cephalohematoma on the left side of his skull. Which of the following interventions should the nurse implement?
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The nurse is to begin the postpartum teaching of a mother who has given birth to her first child. What aspect of teaching is most important?
The nurse is to begin the postpartum teaching of a mother who has given birth to her first child. What aspect of teaching is most important?
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What reflex elicits the following response: movement or the tongue, mouth, and/or head towards the stimulus?
What reflex elicits the following response: movement or the tongue, mouth, and/or head towards the stimulus?
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What should the nurse encourage in the first period of reactivity ?
What should the nurse encourage in the first period of reactivity ?
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What skill is an advanced practice skill ?
What skill is an advanced practice skill ?
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What should a nurse tell a mother to do if the fundus is deviated to the right?
What should a nurse tell a mother to do if the fundus is deviated to the right?
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Mrs. Happy is 4 hours post-birth and is concerned about her own care. You would say she is in which stage?
Mrs. Happy is 4 hours post-birth and is concerned about her own care. You would say she is in which stage?
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Attachment to a newborn is frequently termed
Attachment to a newborn is frequently termed
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The process of the uterus returning to its pre-pregnant size is termed what?
The process of the uterus returning to its pre-pregnant size is termed what?
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What effect does breastfeeding have on uterine size?
What effect does breastfeeding have on uterine size?
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On postpartum day 1, uterine discharge should be characterized by which of the following?
On postpartum day 1, uterine discharge should be characterized by which of the following?
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The nurse is assessing the lochia on a 1-day postpartum patient. The nurse notes that the lochia is red and has a foul-smelling odor. The nurse determines that this assessment finding is:
The nurse is assessing the lochia on a 1-day postpartum patient. The nurse notes that the lochia is red and has a foul-smelling odor. The nurse determines that this assessment finding is:
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How long does gestational diabetes typically last after pregnancy?
How long does gestational diabetes typically last after pregnancy?
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When the placenta is over the entire cervical os, it is referred to as what?
When the placenta is over the entire cervical os, it is referred to as what?
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What are the risks of Hyperemesis Gravidarum
What are the risks of Hyperemesis Gravidarum
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When is a woman considered high risk to have a baby
When is a woman considered high risk to have a baby
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What is the Goodell's sign?
What is the Goodell's sign?
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What does folic acid help to prevent?
What does folic acid help to prevent?
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At what week of gestation is an embryo termed a fetus?
At what week of gestation is an embryo termed a fetus?
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Assessing the uterus size on day 1 postpartum should indicate which of the following?
Assessing the uterus size on day 1 postpartum should indicate which of the following?
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Study Notes
Postpartum Period
- The Rh-negative mother should receive a dose of Rho(D) immune globulin within 72 hours after giving birth to an Rh-positive infant.
- Afterpains are intermittent uterine contractions similar to menstrual cramps and are a normal occurrence after childbirth.
- Oxytocin is the hormone responsible for the production of breastmilk.
- REEDA is an acronym used to assess the postpartum period and stands for: Redness, Edema, Ecchymosis, Discharge, Approximation.
- The order of lochia types during the postpartum period is as follows:
- Lochia rubra is the initial discharge, which is bright red and contains blood and tissue debris.
- Lochia serosa is a pink or brownish discharge that occurs a few days after childbirth and consists of blood, serum, and white blood cells
- Lochia alba is the final stage, which is a yellowish-white discharge and is made up primarily of white blood cells and mucus.
- Fluctuating crying and anxiety at 3 weeks postpartum are normal.
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Risk factors for low blood glucose after birth:
- Premature birth
- Large for gestational age
- Maternal diabetes
- Hypoglycemia
- The infant mortality rate is the ratio of deaths of infants younger than 1 year during any given year to the number of live births occurring in the same year.
Newborn
- Priority patient/family problem for a newborn: Maintaining a stable temperature
-
Newborn Individualized Neurological Assessment (NIPS) scale assessments should include:
- Habituation
- Irritability
- Consolability
- Awake
- Sleep
- Caput succedaneum is a swelling of the scalp that crosses the suture lines and is caused by pressure from the baby’s head against the mother’s cervix during labor.
- Blood-tinged mucus discharge in a newborn baby girl’s diaper is normal and caused by the expulsion of hormones released during pregnancy.
- Normal newborn temperature: 36.3° C
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Postpartum parent teaching for newborn care should include:
- Nutrition
- Diapering
- Bathing
- Cord care
- Soothing techniques
Infancy
- Infancy is typically considered between birth and 1 year of age.
- Parachute reflex : Protective arm reflex that occurs when an infant is suddenly thrust downward when prone and appears by age 4 months.
- Botulism can be caused in an infant by honey.
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Characteristics of an 8-month-old infant's physical development:
- Sitting independently
- Crawling
- Pincer grasp, using the thumb and one finger to pick up small objects
- A 9-month-old infant starting to cry when a nurse takes him to sit on the examination table: The nurse should reassure the mother that it's common for infants to associate medical settings with discomfort and that there's nothing wrong with their baby.
- A 12-month-old infant should be able to: Walk independently
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Techniques to soothe an irritable infant:
- Swaddling
- Shushing
- Sucking
- Swinging
Pregnancy
- Usual site of implantation in the female reproductive system: Uterus
- A nurse's response to a pregnant woman smoking 10 cigarettes per week: It is crucial to emphasize that even a small amount of smoking during pregnancy can have significant negative effects on the fetus.
- At 8 weeks of gestation, it is too early to determine the sex of the baby.
- Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is produced by the placenta.
- Progesterone is the maternal hormone that reduces uterine contractions to prevent spontaneous abortions.
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Functions of the amniotic fluid:
- Protection for the fetus
- Temperature regulation
- Allows fetal movement
- Prevents adherence to the amniotic sac
- First trimester prenatal education focuses on physiological changes, fetal development, and nutrition.
- Prenatal care during pregnancy is important because it allows for early detection of complications and promotes good health.
- Chloasma is an irregular hyperpigmentation of the skin that is typically found on the face.
- Hemorrhoids are varicosities of the rectum and anus that become more severe with constipation.
-
Expected changes during pregnancy:
- Urinary frequency
- Breast tenderness
- Nausea and vomiting
- Increased vaginal discharge
-
Positive signs of pregnancy:
- Fetal heartbeat
- Fetal movement
- Visualization of the fetus by ultrasound
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Routine prenatal assessments:
- Blood pressure
- **Weight **
- Urine analysis
- Fetal heart rate
- Fundal height measurement
- Pre-eclampsia becomes eclampsia when the mother has a seizure.
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Symptoms that indicate a worsening of gestational hypertension:
- Proteinuria
- Elevated blood pressure
- Visual disturbances
- Headache
- Hemolytic disease of the newborn (erythroblastosis fetalis) occurs when the mother’s antibodies attack the fetus’s red blood cells.
- Hyperemesis gravidarum may include oral hydration, antihistamines, vitamin B6, and promethazine.
- Ectopic pregnancy is a pregnancy that occurs outside of the uterine cavity.
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Predisposing factors for placental abruption:
- Maternal hypertension
- Previous placental abruption
- Cocaine use
- Trauma
- Premature rupture of membranes
- Multiple gestation
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Symptoms that should be reported to the health care provider during pregnancy:
- Vaginal bleeding
- Sudden weight gain
- Premature rupture of membranes
- Decreased fetal movement
- Headache
- Visual disturbances
- Teratogens are substances that can cause birth defects.
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Maternal assessment:
- Involution, the process of the uterus returning to its pre-pregnancy size, should be assessed 24 hours after birth.
- Breastfeeding promotes uterine involution by stimulating the release of oxytocin, a hormone that helps the uterus contract and return to its normal size.
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Postpartum behaviors:
- A mother who is focused on her own needs and experiences, unable to focus on newborn care teaching, and appears distant from her newborn may be experiencing "taking-in" phase" of postpartum.
- Nursing interventions that don't require a written order: - Providing emotional support and encouragement - Teaching the new mother about her baby's needs - Assisting with breastfeeding - Monitoring for potential complications
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Maintaining a newborn’s temperature immediately after birth:
- Dry the newborn thoroughly
- Wrap the newborn in a warm blanket
- Place the newborn skin-to-skin with the mother
- Black tarry stool in a newborn: It is normal, known as meconium, and usually passes within the first few days after birth.
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Assessment findings of a newborn that should be promptly reported to the health care provider:
- Temperature instability
- Respiratory distress
- Poor feeding
- Jaundice
- Abnormal stooling
- Umbilical cord abnormalities
- Any signs of infection
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Newborn infections require prompt intervention because:
- Their immune system is still developing
- They can quickly become dehydrated
- Complications can be serious
- White pinpoint “pimples” on a newborn’s nose and chin: This is normal and known as milia. The nurse should advise the mother against squeezing them, as it can cause infection.
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Observations of a newborn that should be reported to the health care provider:
- Cyanosis
- Poor feeding
- Abnormal respirations
- Increased heart rate
- Abnormal stooling
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Observations that should be reported to the health care provider
- Swelling of the newborn's head that crosses the suture lines. (Could be a sign of cephalhematoma)
- Swelling of the newborn's head that doesn't cross the suture lines. (Could be a sign of caput succedaneum)
- Yellowing of the newborn's skin. (Could be a sign of jaundice)
- Bulging fontanelles. (Could be a sign of increased intracranial pressure)
- Sunken fontanelles. (Could be a sign of dehydration)
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Car seat safety for an infant less than 10 kg:
- Rear-facing
- Securely fastened in the base of the car seat
- Always in the back seat
- Priority topic for home safety with the mother of a 3-month-old infant: Preventing falls
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Overweight 1-year-old infant:
- Low-fat milk should not be introduced before age 2.
- Continue with formula or whole milk until age 2.
- Encourage healthy eating habits.
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Developmental red flags for a 3-month-old infant:
- Inability to lift head when prone
- No smiling or social interaction
- Poor eye contact
- No babbling or cooing
- No attempts to reach for objects
Genetics and Reproduction
- Chromosomes determine sex.
- A woman should avoid all medications during pregnancy, unless prescribed by a health care provider who knows she is pregnant.
- A woman has the highest risk of becoming pregnant when intercourse occurs 3 days before ovulation.
- Foramen ovale bypasses the lungs in a fetus allowing blood to flow directly from the right atrium to the left atrium.
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Twins are often born early because:
- Limited space in the uterus
- Increased risk of premature labor
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Obstetrical history:
- G4T3P0A1L2: 4 pregnancies, 3 term births, 0 preterm births, 1 abortion, 2 living children
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Exercise during pregnancy:
- Reduces the risk of gestational diabetes
- Improves mood
- Prevents excess weight gain
- Reduces the risk of pre-eclampsia
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A pregnant woman lying on her back may feel dizzy and faint because:
- The weight of the uterus presses on the vena cava.
- Reduces blood flow back to the heart.
- A patient’s LMP was on April 1, 2019: Based on a normal gestation period, the patient would be due around January 8, 2020.
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Probable signs of pregnancy:
- Hegar’s sign
- Chadwick’s sign
- Goodell’s sign
- Braxton Hicks contractions
- Positive pregnancy test
- Incomplete abortion followed by vacuum aspiration: The nurse should provide emotional support and ensure the woman has someone with her.
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Magnesium sulphate intravenously:
- Monitor vital signs
- Urine output
- Deep tendon reflexes
- Level of consciousness
- Gestational trophoblastic disease: Continue following up with health care provider to closely monitor for potential complications.
- Primary difference between placenta previa and placental abruption: Placenta previa occurs when the placenta attaches low in the uterus and covers the cervix. Placental abruption occurs when the placenta detaches from the uterine wall before delivery.
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Interventions for a woman who is a victim of intimate partner violence:
- Provide a safe and confidential environment
- Assess the severity of the abuse
- Develop a safety plan
- Refer to appropriate resources
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Relieving the effect of shock in a pregnant woman:
- Position the woman on her left side
- Administer oxygen
- Start IV fluids
- Monitor vital signs
Newborn Assessment
- Apgar scores measure the infant's heart rate, respiratory effort, muscle tone, reflex irritability, and color.
- Moro reflex: In response to eliciting the Moro reflex, the infant should abduct and extend arms and legs, then bring the arms together in an embrace.
- Transitional stool begins on the second or third day of life and is a mixture of meconium and milk.
- Hydrocele is a fluid-filled sac in the scrotum and is a common condition.
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A newborn's APGAR score:
- Heart rate: 150 bpm - 2 points
- Respiratory effort: Strong cry - 2 points
- Muscle tone: Well-flexed - 2 points
- Reflex irritability: Grimaces - 1 point
- Color: Pink body, blue hands/feet - 1 point
- Apgar score: 8
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Cephalohematoma:
- Bleeding beneath the periosteum of the skull.
- Does not cross suture lines.
- Caused by trauma during delivery.
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Caput succedaneum:
- Edema of the scalp
- Crosses suture lines.
- Caused by pressure from the head against the cervix during labor.
- Epstein pearls are small white cysts on the gums and palate that will disappear on their own.
- Newborn heart rate: 120-160 bpm
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Interventions for a newborn with a cephalohematoma:
- Monitor for jaundice
- Ensure adequate nutrition
- Reassure parents
Postpartum
- Postpartum teaching is most important to help the parents understand their baby's needs and care.
- Rooting reflex: Movement or the tongue, mouth, and/or head towards the stimulus
- Encourage skin-to-skin contact and breastfeeding in the first period of reactivity
- Assessing a newborn's gestational age is an advanced practice skill
- If a postpartum fundus is deviated to the right have the new mother empty her bladder.
- Stage one of postpartum includes the "taking-in phase" (focused on self)
- Attachment to a newborn is frequently termed bonding.
- The process of the uterus returning to its pre-pregnant size is termed involution.
- Breastfeeding can stimulate uterine involution.
- Postpartum day 1 uterine discharge should be red.
- Foul-smelling, red lochia on postpartum day 1 is an abnormal finding that indicates a potential infection.
- Gestational diabetes typically lasts until 6 weeks postpartum.
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Description
This quiz focuses on accurate statements that nurses should convey to new mothers during the postpartum period. Test your understanding of postpartum care and what new mothers can expect following childbirth.
