Postoperative Care and Recovery Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What should a client do if they observe redness, streaking, or tenderness around their incision post-surgery?

  • Self-medicate with over-the-counter pain relief
  • Notify the physician immediately (correct)
  • Continue normal activities without concern
  • Apply more dressing to the area

A postoperative client is advised to avoid heavy lifting for how long?

  • 8 weeks
  • 2 weeks
  • 6 weeks (correct)
  • 4 weeks

Which action is not advisable for a postoperative client without physician approval?

  • Taking pain medications as prescribed
  • Driving a vehicle (correct)
  • Following dietary advice
  • Resuming normal physical activity

What is an appropriate response if a postoperative client experiences drainage from their incision?

<p>Consider it abnormal and contact the physician (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be included in the teaching plan for a postoperative client regarding medication?

<p>Take medications as prescribed and consult the physician before changes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential respiratory complication after surgery?

<p>Pulmonary embolism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an expected patient outcome related to respiratory function after surgery?

<p>Maintaining optimal respiratory function (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition may indicate impaired gastrointestinal recovery post-surgery?

<p>Constipation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a cardiovascular complication that a patient should report during recovery?

<p>Thrombophlebitis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common gastrointestinal outcome that signifies adequate recovery?

<p>Absence of nausea and vomiting (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes chronic kidney disease (CKD) from acute kidney injury?

<p>CKD lasts for 3 months or more, while acute kidney injury occurs suddenly. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should a patient do to help manage post-operative pain effectively?

<p>Deep-breathing exercises (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which assessment may be included before administering anesthesia?

<p>Blood pressure and pulse (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors is critical for a patient to report for optimal recovery?

<p>Any problems during recovery (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is essential to prevent infection during surgery?

<p>Strict aseptic technique (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a responsibility of the circulating nurse during surgery?

<p>Recording IV fluid administration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication during surgery that relates to the client's positioning?

<p>Nerve injury (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a cause of hypothermia during surgical procedures?

<p>Cold IV fluids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for counting surgical instruments during surgery?

<p>To prevent retention of foreign objects (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does prolonged inactivity during surgery pose a risk to the patient?

<p>May cause hypothermia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor could lead to fluid volume excess during surgery?

<p>Administration of IV fluids by the anesthesiologist (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of urinary retention after lower abdominal surgeries?

<p>Spasm of the bladder sphincter (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nursing intervention may help a patient with urinary retention initiate urination?

<p>Using a bedpan containing warm water (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of urinary tract infections after surgery?

<p>Improper catheterization techniques (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should a nurse do to promote privacy for a patient experiencing urinary retention?

<p>Allow the patient to void in a standing position if appropriate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom suggests the need for catheterization in a patient with urinary retention?

<p>Palpable bladder (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which management strategy is essential for a urinary tract infection following catheterization?

<p>Urine analysis for culture and sensitivity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Urinary incontinence is often observed in older adults primarily due to:

<p>Weakness and loss of tonicity in the bladder sphincter (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What psychological issue may patients face post-surgery related to their recovery process?

<p>Anxiety and fear related to surgery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of administering sodium polystyrene sulfonate?

<p>To remove excess potassium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which intravenous treatment facilitates the movement of potassium within cells?

<p>Glucose and insulin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended daily protein intake for adults to delay progression to end-stage renal disease?

<p>50 g of high biological value protein (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When might sodium restriction be necessary in patients with chronic renal failure?

<p>In cases of hypertension, edema, or heart failure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of administering erythropoietin in patients with chronic anemia due to renal failure?

<p>To stimulate bone marrow production of RBCs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which dietary change can help to manage chronic renal failure effectively?

<p>Strict adherence to a low-protein diet (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if fluid overload occurs in a patient with reduced urine output?

<p>Restrict fluid intake to previous day’s urine output plus 500 mL (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the necessary action when serum potassium levels exceed 5.5 mEq/L?

<p>Restrict dietary potassium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which complication of peritoneal dialysis is characterized by severe abdominal pain and rigidity?

<p>Peritonitis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of hypovolemia during peritoneal dialysis?

<p>Hypotension (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How often might a nurse need to weigh a client undergoing peritoneal dialysis if the client is acutely ill?

<p>Every 6 hours (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nursing diagnosis is related to impaired renal function?

<p>Imbalanced Nutrition: Less than body requirements (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common electrolyte imbalance associated with peritoneal dialysis?

<p>Hypokalemia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the planning goals for a patient undergoing peritoneal dialysis?

<p>Maintaining adequate nutritional intake (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nursing assessment is critical before conducting peritoneal dialysis?

<p>Monitoring weight and vital signs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor may lead to a risk for impaired skin integrity in dialysis patients?

<p>Scratching due to pruritus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Postoperative Ileus

Absence of bowel sounds, little or no passage of flatus, and possible vomiting.

Postoperative Urinary Retention

Spasm of the bladder sphincter caused by surgery, especially on the lower abdomen

Abdominal Discomfort from Urinary Retention

Feeling discomfort in the abdomen due to an inability to empty the bladder

Palpable Bladder Following Surgery

Palpable bladder due to an inability to empty it.

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Catheterization and UTI

The most common cause of urinary infection postoperatively

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Symptoms of Urinary Tract Infection

Common symptoms of UTI, such as painful urination, frequent urination, and fever

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Postoperative Urinary Incontinence

Loss of bladder control often seen in older patients due to weakened bladder sphincter

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Bladder Training Program

A program that helps regain control of bladder function

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Preoperative Assessment

Before surgery, nurses assess vital signs like blood pressure, pulse, and respiratory rate to establish a baseline and monitor for changes during the procedure.

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Level of Consciousness

Nurses ensure the patient's level of consciousness is appropriate before surgery, as this can affect their response to anesthesia and recovery.

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Chart Review

Nurses review the patient's chart, including signed consent forms, previous medications, and lab results, to ensure a safe and personalized surgical experience.

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Aseptic Technique

Maintaining a sterile environment is crucial during surgery to prevent infections. Strict aseptic techniques are followed throughout the process.

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Surgical Instrument Counting

To prevent accidental retention of surgical tools or supplies, nurses meticulously count instruments, sponges, and sharps before, during, and after surgery. Any discrepancy requires immediate investigation.

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Fluid Balance

Maintaining the patient's fluid balance is crucial during surgery. Anesthesiologists and nurses monitor and adjust IV fluids as needed, and urine output is measured if a catheter is in place.

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Patient Positioning

Proper patient positioning on the operating table is critical to prevent pressure-related injuries, nerve damage, and other complications.

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Hypothermia

Maintaining patient temperature is essential during surgery to prevent hypothermia. Factors like cold IV fluids, open wounds, and prolonged inactivity can cause a drop in body temperature.

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Postoperative Teaching Plan

A plan that includes steps to take care of the incision, dressing, bathing, diet, and physical activity after surgery.

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Redness, Streaking, Pain, or Tenderness Around the Incision

A sign of possible infection after surgery that should be reported to the doctor immediately.

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Physician's Instructions

The doctor's orders for cleaning the incision, taking medications, and other activities after surgery.

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Avoid Operating Machinery or Driving Until Cleared by Physician

Not operating machinery or driving a car after surgery until the doctor says it's okay.

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Avoid Heavy Lifting, Pushing, or Pulling for 6 Weeks

Not lifting heavy objects, pushing, or pulling for at least 6 weeks after major surgery.

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Renal Failure

A condition where the kidneys are unable to maintain proper fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance, eliminate waste products, and fulfill regulatory functions like bone calcification and erythropoietin production.

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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)

An umbrella term encompassing kidney damage or decreased GFR lasting at least 3 months.

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Acute Kidney Injury

A sudden and rapid decline in kidney function happening over hours to days.

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Postoperative Atelectasis

A collapsed lung, often caused by shallow breathing or blocked airways after surgery.

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Postoperative Pneumonia

An infection of the lung tissue, often caused by bacteria or viruses and frequently occurring after surgery.

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Postoperative Pulmonary Embolism

A blood clot in the lungs, often originating in the legs after surgery.

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Postoperative Bowel Obstruction

A condition where the bowel is completely blocked, often caused by a physical obstruction after surgery.

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Low protein diet in chronic renal failure

Reducing the amount of protein in the diet to delay the progression of kidney failure.

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Fluid restriction in chronic renal failure

Controlling fluid intake based on urine output and potential fluid losses.

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Sodium restriction in chronic renal failure

Sodium restriction to manage complications like hypertension, edema and heart failure.

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Potassium restriction in chronic renal failure

Potassium restriction to manage high potassium levels in the blood.

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Sodium bicarbonate for acid-base imbalance

Administering sodium bicarbonate intravenously to correct acid-base balance.

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Glucose and insulin for hyperkalemia

Using glucose and insulin to shift potassium back into cells.

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Erythropoietin for chronic anemia

Erythropoietin (Epogen) is used to stimulate red blood cell production in chronic renal failure.

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Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate)

This medication helps remove excess potassium from the body in cases of high potassium levels.

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Hypervolemia

A common complication of peritoneal dialysis characterized by fluid overload leading to increased blood pressure and potential lung congestion.

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Hypovolemia

A complication of peritoneal dialysis resulting from excessive fluid loss, leading to low blood pressure.

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Peritonitis

Inflammation of the lining of the abdomen (peritoneum), a serious complication of peritoneal dialysis.

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Cuff erosion

A complication of peritoneal dialysis where the catheter inserted into the abdomen becomes eroded, potentially leading to leaks.

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Monitor and Aftercare of Peritoneal Dialysis

The careful monitoring and care of a patient undergoing peritoneal dialysis, focusing on preventing complications and ensuring proper function.

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Assessment of Renal Failure Patients

The nursing evaluation of a patient with kidney failure, considering their fluid intake, output, nutrition, tissue integrity, activity levels, electrolytes, skin health, and emotional well-being.

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Excess Fluid Volume

A nursing diagnosis stating that a kidney failure patient has excessive fluid volume, often due to compromised kidney function, requiring careful fluid management.

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Imbalanced Nutrition: Less than Body Requirements

A nursing diagnosis indicating that a kidney failure patient is unable to meet their nutritional needs due to decreased appetite, increased metabolic demands, and dietary restrictions.

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Study Notes

Perioperative Nursing

  • Surgery is the treatment of injury, disease, or deformity using invasive methods
  • No two clients react identically to surgery
  • Clients may respond differently to the same surgery at different times
  • Physicians, including surgeons and family physicians, perform surgical procedures
  • Surgery is performed in clinics, physician offices, ambulatory surgical centers, and hospitals
  • Improved technology has led to less invasive, faster recovery surgeries
  • Ambulatory/outpatient surgery requires less than 24 hours of hospitalization
  • Perioperative care encompasses the entire surgical process, from decision to operate to transfer to recovery
  • Preoperative phase begins with the decision and ends at the operating area
  • Intraoperative phase encompasses the entire surgical procedure until transfer to the recovery area
  • Postoperative phase begins with admission to the recovery area and ends at discharge or follow-up evaluation

Surgical Procedure Suffixes

  • -ectomy: Removal by cutting (e.g., craniectomy)
  • -orrhaphy: Suture of or repair of (e.g., herniorrhaphy)
  • -oscopy: Looking into (e.g., colonoscopy)
  • -ostomy: Formation of artificial opening (e.g., ureterostomy)
  • -otomy: Incision or cutting (e.g., thoracotomy)
  • -plasty: Formation or repair (e.g., mammoplasty)

Conditions Requiring Surgery

  • Obstruction or blockage (e.g., blood flow, cerebrospinal fluid)
  • Perforation (rupture of an organ or artery)
  • Erosion (break in tissue surface)
  • Tumors (abnormal growths)

Categories of Surgical Procedures

  • Diagnostic (e.g., biopsy, exploratory laparotomy)
  • Curative (e.g., tumor excision, inflamed appendix excision)

Physical Assessment

  • Age: Infants and elderly clients are at greater risk from complications. Older clients may be dehydrated and less adaptable to fluid loss during surgery.
  • Nutritional and fluid status: Assessment provides information on obesity, undernutrition, weight loss, malnutrition, deficiencies in specific nutrients, or metabolic abnormalities. Nutritional deficiencies can extend healing and increase risk of wound infections. Excessive nutrition can worsen preexisting respiratory, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal health concerns.
  • Respiratory system assessment: Respiratory rate and pattern, and ease of breathing should be assessed.

Oxygen Saturation

  • Measured using electronic oximeters
  • Measured by oxygen saturation of blood flowing past the sensor (finger, nose, or ear)
  • Used to detect baseline levels and detect abnormalities
  • A high increase in the rate of oxygen being delivered (tachycardia) may indicate difficulty breathing

Cardiovascular System Assessment

  • The apical heart rate and rhythm should be auscultated.
  • The presence and quality of pulses should be palpated.
  • Edema or jugular vein distention should be documented.

Skin Assessment

  • Observation of the skin for color, bruises, open wounds, turgor, warmth, dryness.
  • Inspection of mucous membranes for color and moistness,especially for elderly.

Endocrine Function

  • Frequent monitoring of blood glucose levels important, especially for patients with type 2 diabetes or mellitus.
  • Patients who take corticosteroids are at risk for adrenal insufficiency.

Immunological Function

  • Determine allergies to inform preoperative planning

Psychosocial Assessment

  • All patients have some emotional response (fear and anxiety) before surgery
  • Preoperative anxiety is an anticipatory response to the perceived threat to one's role in life
  • Concerns include loss of work-time, job, responsibilities towards family members. Increased possibilities of permanent incapacity is another concern
  • Spiritual beliefs play important roles in how people cope with fear and anxiety.

Common Fears of Surgery

  • The unknown
  • Pain and discomfort
  • Mutilation and disfigurement
  • Anesthesia
  • Disruption of life patterns
  • Separation from family/significant others
  • Financial concerns

Preoperative Nursing Diagnoses

  • Anxiety
  • Fear
  • Deficient knowledge

Preoperative Nursing Interventions

  • Reducing preoperative fear and anxiety:Distraction such as deep breathing exercises.
  • Psychosocial interventions

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Introduction to Perioperative Nursing PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on essential postoperative care practices. This quiz covers important guidelines a client should follow regarding incisions, medications, and potential complications following surgery. Ensure you're well-informed to support recovery and manage client care effectively.

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