Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following best describes the relationship between the posterior abdominal wall and the retroperitoneum?
Which of the following best describes the relationship between the posterior abdominal wall and the retroperitoneum?
- The posterior abdominal wall is entirely contained within the retroperitoneum.
- The retroperitoneum is nestled between the posterior abdominal wall and its lining layer of posterior parietal peritoneum. (correct)
- The posterior abdominal wall and retroperitoneum are synonymous terms.
- The retroperitoneum forms the primary structural support of the posterior abdominal wall.
Why is the terminology related to the retroperitoneum considered non-standardized?
Why is the terminology related to the retroperitoneum considered non-standardized?
- Because cross-sectional imaging techniques are not advanced enough to visualize its components clearly.
- Due to a lack of consensus on which structures are contents versus boundaries, alongside varied terminology used to describe its components. (correct)
- Because the retroperitoneum is a relatively simple anatomical space with few variations.
- Because the retroperitoneum is only relevant in surgical contexts, and surgical terminology is often informal.
Which of the following structure(s) are housed within the retroperitoneum?
Which of the following structure(s) are housed within the retroperitoneum?
- The jejunum, ileum and vermiform appendix.
- The liver, transverse colon and sigmoid colon.
- The duodenum, pancreas and kidneys. (correct)
- The stomach, gallbladder and spleen.
The cutaneous innervation of the skin on the posterior and abdominal wall is supplied by:
The cutaneous innervation of the skin on the posterior and abdominal wall is supplied by:
Which statement accurately describes the iliopsoas fascia's anatomical connections?
Which statement accurately describes the iliopsoas fascia's anatomical connections?
Why is the traditional teaching of retroperitoneal divisions into anterior and posterior pararenal spaces and the perirenal space considered an oversimplification?
Why is the traditional teaching of retroperitoneal divisions into anterior and posterior pararenal spaces and the perirenal space considered an oversimplification?
The 'fusion fascia' concept in the retroperitoneum is best described as:
The 'fusion fascia' concept in the retroperitoneum is best described as:
What is the clinical significance of the retrocolic fascia of Toldt?
What is the clinical significance of the retrocolic fascia of Toldt?
The anterior pararenal space contains which of the following structures?
The anterior pararenal space contains which of the following structures?
What is the primary content of the posterior pararenal space?
What is the primary content of the posterior pararenal space?
What is the peripancreatic space bounded by posteriorly?
What is the peripancreatic space bounded by posteriorly?
Which vertebral level marks the beginning of the abdominal aorta at the aortic hiatus of the diaphragm?
Which vertebral level marks the beginning of the abdominal aorta at the aortic hiatus of the diaphragm?
Which statement best describes the typical relationship between the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and the left renal vein?
Which statement best describes the typical relationship between the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and the left renal vein?
Which of the following structures is NOT directly related to the proximal abdominal aorta anteriorly?
Which of the following structures is NOT directly related to the proximal abdominal aorta anteriorly?
Which statement accurately describes the relationship between the inferior vena cava (IVC) and the right renal artery?
Which statement accurately describes the relationship between the inferior vena cava (IVC) and the right renal artery?
Where does the inferior mesenteric artery typically originate?
Where does the inferior mesenteric artery typically originate?
Which of the following accurately describes the relationship between the suprarenal arteries and the respiratory diaphragm?
Which of the following accurately describes the relationship between the suprarenal arteries and the respiratory diaphragm?
Which statement accurately describes the number and typical location of the lumbar arteries?
Which statement accurately describes the number and typical location of the lumbar arteries?
The artery of Adamkiewicz typically originates from which of the following arteries?
The artery of Adamkiewicz typically originates from which of the following arteries?
What is the clinical significance of the artery of Adamkiewicz?
What is the clinical significance of the artery of Adamkiewicz?
The median sacral artery typically arises from which of the following locations?
The median sacral artery typically arises from which of the following locations?
Where is the inferior junction of the inferior vena cava formed by the:
Where is the inferior junction of the inferior vena cava formed by the:
The inferior vena cava can be encircled and controlled in surgical procedures between the:
The inferior vena cava can be encircled and controlled in surgical procedures between the:
Tributaries of the lumbar veins connect with what other venous system, providing a collateral pathway for venous return in case of IVC obstruction?
Tributaries of the lumbar veins connect with what other venous system, providing a collateral pathway for venous return in case of IVC obstruction?
In relation to the inferior vena cava, the left renal vein:
In relation to the inferior vena cava, the left renal vein:
What is the usual abdominal origin of the thoracic duct?
What is the usual abdominal origin of the thoracic duct?
Under typical conditions, the abdominal cisterna chyli receives lymph from which trunks?
Under typical conditions, the abdominal cisterna chyli receives lymph from which trunks?
Which lumbar ventral ramus is related to the formation of the iliohypogastric and ilio-inguinal nerves?
Which lumbar ventral ramus is related to the formation of the iliohypogastric and ilio-inguinal nerves?
What are the sensory branches of the ilio-inguinal nerve responsible for innervating?
What are the sensory branches of the ilio-inguinal nerve responsible for innervating?
Where does the genitofemoral nerve divide into genital and femoral branches?
Where does the genitofemoral nerve divide into genital and femoral branches?
What specific muscle does the genitofemoral nerve's genital branch innervate?
What specific muscle does the genitofemoral nerve's genital branch innervate?
After emerging from the lateral border of psoas major, the femoral nerve descends:
After emerging from the lateral border of psoas major, the femoral nerve descends:
Which of the following accurately describes what structures comprise the medial border of the lumbar sympathetic trunk?
Which of the following accurately describes what structures comprise the medial border of the lumbar sympathetic trunk?
What is the potential clinical consequence of injury to or obstruction of the major lymphatic vessels adjacent to the abdominal aorta?
What is the potential clinical consequence of injury to or obstruction of the major lymphatic vessels adjacent to the abdominal aorta?
Under what circumstance can it be clinically significant to identify the para-aortic bodies?
Under what circumstance can it be clinically significant to identify the para-aortic bodies?
What is the principal factor complicating the standardization of retroperitoneal terminology?
What is the principal factor complicating the standardization of retroperitoneal terminology?
What anatomical feature is essential for accessing a relatively avascular plane during the mobilization of the duodenum and the head of the pancreas?
What anatomical feature is essential for accessing a relatively avascular plane during the mobilization of the duodenum and the head of the pancreas?
What key anatomical relationship determines the extension pattern of peripancreatic fluid collections?
What key anatomical relationship determines the extension pattern of peripancreatic fluid collections?
Which anatomical structure is formed by the fusion of the right leaf of the embryonic mesocolon with the left leaf of the embryonic duodenal mesentery and the anterior wall of the embryonic retroperitoneum?
Which anatomical structure is formed by the fusion of the right leaf of the embryonic mesocolon with the left leaf of the embryonic duodenal mesentery and the anterior wall of the embryonic retroperitoneum?
What accurately describes the iliolumbar fascicles' role in the actions of the quadratus lumborum?
What accurately describes the iliolumbar fascicles' role in the actions of the quadratus lumborum?
What anatomical structure could be affected by division above the anterior superior iliac spine that could possibly lead to formation of direct inguinal hernia?
What anatomical structure could be affected by division above the anterior superior iliac spine that could possibly lead to formation of direct inguinal hernia?
What statement accurately reflects the clinical significance of the lumbar sympathetic trunks in surgical procedures?
What statement accurately reflects the clinical significance of the lumbar sympathetic trunks in surgical procedures?
What is a key characteristic of the para-aortic bodies (organ of Zuckerkandl) regarding their usual presence in adults?
What is a key characteristic of the para-aortic bodies (organ of Zuckerkandl) regarding their usual presence in adults?
Which statement accurately portrays the ilio-inguinal nerve's anatomical course and distribution?
Which statement accurately portrays the ilio-inguinal nerve's anatomical course and distribution?
How does the relationship between the lumbar arteries and the psoas major muscle contribute to the potential for referred pain?
How does the relationship between the lumbar arteries and the psoas major muscle contribute to the potential for referred pain?
Which accurately describes the relationships between the structures anterior to the proximal abdominal aorta?
Which accurately describes the relationships between the structures anterior to the proximal abdominal aorta?
What is the consequence of injuring, during a surgery, the spinal branch known as the great radicular artery (artery of Adamkiewicz)?
What is the consequence of injuring, during a surgery, the spinal branch known as the great radicular artery (artery of Adamkiewicz)?
Which statement accurately identifies the spatial relationships of lumbar veins to the inferior vena cava and abdominal aorta?
Which statement accurately identifies the spatial relationships of lumbar veins to the inferior vena cava and abdominal aorta?
What is the clinical significance when the inferior phrenic artery is specifically used?
What is the clinical significance when the inferior phrenic artery is specifically used?
What distinguishes the drainage pathway of the left gonadal vein from that of the right gonadal vein?
What distinguishes the drainage pathway of the left gonadal vein from that of the right gonadal vein?
What is the clinical implication of recognizing the variable lumbar azygos vein?
What is the clinical implication of recognizing the variable lumbar azygos vein?
What is an important consideration regarding normal lymph node dimensions in the retroperitoneum when evaluating cross-sectional imaging?
What is an important consideration regarding normal lymph node dimensions in the retroperitoneum when evaluating cross-sectional imaging?
What specific lymphatic drainage pattern is associated with malignancy of the right testis, impacting the route of metastasis to the cisterna chyli?
What specific lymphatic drainage pattern is associated with malignancy of the right testis, impacting the route of metastasis to the cisterna chyli?
What anatomical relationships and potential clinical outcomes should surgeons bear in mind when performing peri-aortic dissection and/or lymphadenectomy involving the lymphatic vessels adjacent to the abdominal aorta?
What anatomical relationships and potential clinical outcomes should surgeons bear in mind when performing peri-aortic dissection and/or lymphadenectomy involving the lymphatic vessels adjacent to the abdominal aorta?
What is the primary distinction in surgical approach between the iliohypogastric and ilio-inguinal nerves?
What is the primary distinction in surgical approach between the iliohypogastric and ilio-inguinal nerves?
What is the primary reason for the lack of a standardized approach to defining the abdominal wall?
What is the primary reason for the lack of a standardized approach to defining the abdominal wall?
Why is reliance on fascial layers alone insufficient for conceptualizing the organization of the retroperitoneum?
Why is reliance on fascial layers alone insufficient for conceptualizing the organization of the retroperitoneum?
The thoracolumbar fascia's layers unite and blend to form a thickened brace between the posterior superior iliac spines and extend caudally to reach the ischial tuberosities. What is the functional significance of this arrangement?
The thoracolumbar fascia's layers unite and blend to form a thickened brace between the posterior superior iliac spines and extend caudally to reach the ischial tuberosities. What is the functional significance of this arrangement?
What is the consequence of an abscess forming within the psoas major muscle?
What is the consequence of an abscess forming within the psoas major muscle?
How does the concept of 'fusion fascia' impact surgical approaches in the retroperitoneum?
How does the concept of 'fusion fascia' impact surgical approaches in the retroperitoneum?
Which of the following statements reflects the relationship between peripancreatic collections and adjacent anatomical structures?
Which of the following statements reflects the relationship between peripancreatic collections and adjacent anatomical structures?
How does variation in colonic retroperitonealization affect surgical planning during a colectomy?
How does variation in colonic retroperitonealization affect surgical planning during a colectomy?
What is the functional implication of the iliocostal fascicles of quadratus lumborum fixing the twelfth rib?
What is the functional implication of the iliocostal fascicles of quadratus lumborum fixing the twelfth rib?
What is the clinical relevance of the inferior lumbar triangle (of Petit) in the context of posterior abdominal wall hernias?
What is the clinical relevance of the inferior lumbar triangle (of Petit) in the context of posterior abdominal wall hernias?
How does the anatomical relationship between the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and left renal vein contribute to clinical considerations?
How does the anatomical relationship between the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and left renal vein contribute to clinical considerations?
In the context of aortic aneurysm repair, what is the significance of ultrasound screening programs?
In the context of aortic aneurysm repair, what is the significance of ultrasound screening programs?
What is the implication of the close anatomical relationship between the abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava?
What is the implication of the close anatomical relationship between the abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava?
How do normal variations in the lumbar veins' drainage patterns impact surgical planning?
How do normal variations in the lumbar veins' drainage patterns impact surgical planning?
What is the potential clinical consequence of injuring the spinal branch known as the artery of Adamkiewicz during surgical procedures?
What is the potential clinical consequence of injuring the spinal branch known as the artery of Adamkiewicz during surgical procedures?
What clinical significance is attached to the left inferior phrenic vein's frequent communication with the left gastric vein?
What clinical significance is attached to the left inferior phrenic vein's frequent communication with the left gastric vein?
How does the pattern of lymphatic spread from a right testicular malignancy influence surgical management?
How does the pattern of lymphatic spread from a right testicular malignancy influence surgical management?
What challenge is associated with relying solely on size criteria to assess retroperitoneal lymph nodes on cross-sectional imaging?
What challenge is associated with relying solely on size criteria to assess retroperitoneal lymph nodes on cross-sectional imaging?
What is the danger of injuring the major lymphatic vessels during peri-aortic dissection and lymphadenectomy?
What is the danger of injuring the major lymphatic vessels during peri-aortic dissection and lymphadenectomy?
What anatomical factor complicates the spread of inflammatory processes or tumors from the retroperitoneum into the thorax and abdominal wall?
What anatomical factor complicates the spread of inflammatory processes or tumors from the retroperitoneum into the thorax and abdominal wall?
How does the relationship between inflammatory processes within the psoas major muscle and the lumbar plexus impact clinical presentation?
How does the relationship between inflammatory processes within the psoas major muscle and the lumbar plexus impact clinical presentation?
What is the principal risk related to lumbar sympathetic trunk injury during retroperitoneal lymph node dissection?
What is the principal risk related to lumbar sympathetic trunk injury during retroperitoneal lymph node dissection?
What is the clinical significance of being able to identify para-aortic bodies?
What is the clinical significance of being able to identify para-aortic bodies?
The posterior abdominal wall is distinctly separate from the posterior thoracic wall.
The posterior abdominal wall is distinctly separate from the posterior thoracic wall.
The cutaneous distribution of the dorsal rami of the fourth and fifth lumbar spinal nerves is universally consistent.
The cutaneous distribution of the dorsal rami of the fourth and fifth lumbar spinal nerves is universally consistent.
The thoracolumbar fascia separates the paraspinal muscles from the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall.
The thoracolumbar fascia separates the paraspinal muscles from the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall.
The psoas fascia is continuous with the medial arcuate ligament superiorly and extends into the thigh around the tendon of iliopsoas inferiorly.
The psoas fascia is continuous with the medial arcuate ligament superiorly and extends into the thigh around the tendon of iliopsoas inferiorly.
In the retroperitoneum, pathological fluids and air always spread in accordance with anatomically defined fascial boundaries seen on imaging.
In the retroperitoneum, pathological fluids and air always spread in accordance with anatomically defined fascial boundaries seen on imaging.
The anterior pararenal space contains the ascending and descending colons.
The anterior pararenal space contains the ascending and descending colons.
The posterior pararenal space is directly continuous with the retroperitoneal fat overlying the pelvic wall.
The posterior pararenal space is directly continuous with the retroperitoneal fat overlying the pelvic wall.
The peripancreatic space is laterally bordered by the perirenal space, preventing fluid collections from crossing into it.
The peripancreatic space is laterally bordered by the perirenal space, preventing fluid collections from crossing into it.
The lateroconal fascia extends from the anterior layers of the peritoneum to the parietal peritoneum in the paracolic gutter.
The lateroconal fascia extends from the anterior layers of the peritoneum to the parietal peritoneum in the paracolic gutter.
The aorta is anterior to the vertebral column and bifurcates into the common iliac arteries at the level of the fifth lumbar vertebra.
The aorta is anterior to the vertebral column and bifurcates into the common iliac arteries at the level of the fifth lumbar vertebra.
The diameter of the abdominal aorta typically increases with age in both males and females.
The diameter of the abdominal aorta typically increases with age in both males and females.
The left renal artery is shorter than the right renal artery due to the aorta's position relative to the kidneys.
The left renal artery is shorter than the right renal artery due to the aorta's position relative to the kidneys.
The inferior phrenic arteries exclusively supply the diaphragm and do not provide any branches to adjacent organs.
The inferior phrenic arteries exclusively supply the diaphragm and do not provide any branches to adjacent organs.
The lumbar arteries arise from the anterior aspect of the abdominal aorta and supply the abdominal wall.
The lumbar arteries arise from the anterior aspect of the abdominal aorta and supply the abdominal wall.
The inferior vena cava is formed by the joining of the external jugular veins
The inferior vena cava is formed by the joining of the external jugular veins
The hemiazygos vein connects to the inferior vena cava, providing an alternate route for venous return
The hemiazygos vein connects to the inferior vena cava, providing an alternate route for venous return
The primary function of the lumbar sympathetic system is to facilitate voluntary movement of the lower limbs.
The primary function of the lumbar sympathetic system is to facilitate voluntary movement of the lower limbs.
Para-aortic bodies are most prevalent in adults, contributing to blood pressure regulation through catecholamine secretion.
Para-aortic bodies are most prevalent in adults, contributing to blood pressure regulation through catecholamine secretion.
The genitofemoral nerve is located in the anterior compartment of the thigh and does not have motor function.
The genitofemoral nerve is located in the anterior compartment of the thigh and does not have motor function.
The lumbar plexus is anterior to the transverus abdominis and quadratus lumborum muscles.
The lumbar plexus is anterior to the transverus abdominis and quadratus lumborum muscles.
Match the following fasciae with their respective anatomical locations:
Match the following fasciae with their respective anatomical locations:
Match the retroperitoneal spaces with their defining anatomical boundaries:
Match the retroperitoneal spaces with their defining anatomical boundaries:
Match the following nerves with their origin from lumbar plexus:
Match the following nerves with their origin from lumbar plexus:
Match each of the unpaired arteries with the structure they supply:
Match each of the unpaired arteries with the structure they supply:
Match the veins with their drainage areas of the retroperitoneum:
Match the veins with their drainage areas of the retroperitoneum:
Match the following muscles of the posterior abdominal wall with their attachments:
Match the following muscles of the posterior abdominal wall with their attachments:
Match the lymphatic drainage regions with their associated areas:
Match the lymphatic drainage regions with their associated areas:
Match each artery with its corresponding branch(es):
Match each artery with its corresponding branch(es):
Match the conditions with their effect on the inferior vena cava:
Match the conditions with their effect on the inferior vena cava:
Match the following arterial structures with their respective vertebral level:
Match the following arterial structures with their respective vertebral level:
Flashcards
Posterior Abdominal Wall
Posterior Abdominal Wall
Posterior boundary of the abdominal cavity, continuous with thoracic/pelvic walls.
Retroperitoneum Contents
Retroperitoneum Contents
Houses duodenum, ascending/descending colons, pancreas, kidneys, ureters, suprarenal glands, and major vessels.
Thoracolumbar Fascia
Thoracolumbar Fascia
Complex of multilayered fascial planes, separates paraspinal muscles from posterior abdominal wall muscles.
Psoas Fascia
Psoas Fascia
Covers psoas major anteriorly, continuous with vertebral attachments. merges with arcuate ligament superiorly
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Iliac Fascia
Iliac Fascia
Overlies iliacus. Attaches superiorly/laterally to iliac crest, medially with thoracolumbar and psoas fasciae.
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'Fusion Fascia'
'Fusion Fascia'
Formed by fusion of embryonic mesentery with anterior embryonic retroperitoneum. Avascular layer
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Anterior Pararenal Space
Anterior Pararenal Space
Between parietal peritoneum and anterior layer of renal fascia. Contains ascending and descending colon parts
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Posterior Pararenal Space
Posterior Pararenal Space
Between posterior layer of renal fascia and thoracolumbar/psoas fasciae. Contains variable amount of fat.
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Peripancreatic Space
Peripancreatic Space
Contains duodenum, pancreas, origins of superior mesenteric vessels, retroperitoneal segments of bile duct, hepatic vein.
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Posterior Abdominal Wall Bones
Posterior Abdominal Wall Bones
Bones supporting the posterior abdominal wall.
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Quadratus Lumborum
Quadratus Lumborum
Irregularly shaped rectangular muscle.
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Abdominal Aorta
Abdominal Aorta
Originates at aortic hiatus of diaphragm anterior to T12. Descends anterior to lumbar vertebrae.
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Quadratus Lumborum Vascular Supply
Quadratus Lumborum Vascular Supply
Supplies quadratus lumborum. Branches of lumbar arteries
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Quadratus Lumborum Innervation
Quadratus Lumborum Innervation
Supplies quadratus lumborum. Ventral rami of T12 and upper lumbar spinal nerves.
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The celiac trunk
The celiac trunk
First anterior branch of the abdominal aorta
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Superior mesenteric artery
Superior mesenteric artery
1-2cm below the celiac trunk at Lv1
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Inferior Mesenteric Artery
Inferior Mesenteric Artery
At the level of the body of Lv3
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Suprarenal Artery
Suprarenal Artery
Level with the SMA
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Renal arteries
Renal arteries
arise laterally just inferior to the origin of the superior mesenteric artery at about the level of the body of the first lumbar vertebra
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Gonadal arteries
Gonadal arteries
A little inferior to the renal arteries.
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Inferior phrenic arteries.
Inferior phrenic arteries.
superior to the level of coeliac trunk
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Posterolateral aspect of the abdominal wall
Posterolateral aspect of the abdominal wall
Lumbar arteries
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Median sacral artery
Median sacral artery
Posterior aspect of the aorta a little above its bifurcation
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The inferior vena cava
The inferior vena cava
formed by the junction of the left and right common iliac veins
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Inferior vena cava
Inferior vena cava
right gonadal vein enters the IVC directly
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The paired longitudinal ascending lumbar veins
The paired longitudinal ascending lumbar veins
connect the individual ipsilateral lumbar veins
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abdominal aorta pre-aortic ganglionic formation
abdominal aorta pre-aortic ganglionic formation
from the side: coeliac, superior and inferior mesenteric ganglion
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abdominal aorta: lateral
abdominal aorta: lateral
side: hilum; retro
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Iliac nodes
Iliac nodes
lymph nodes are distributed around the common, external and internal iliac arteries and veins
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Lumbar Plexus
Lumbar Plexus
posterior abdominal wall
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Genitofemoral nerve
Genitofemoral nerve
psoas major
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Ilio-inguinal nerve
Ilio-inguinal nerve
emerges form lateral border of psoas major
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Sympathetic trunks
Sympathetic trunks
lumbar gangionic chain 4 connected
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Posterior Abdominal Wall Skin
Posterior Abdominal Wall Skin
Skin covering the posterior abdominal wall, supplied by lumbar artery branches and innervated by lower thoracic/lumbar spinal nerve dorsal rami.
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Visceral Fasciae
Visceral Fasciae
Located between parietal peritoneum and quadratus lumborum. Boundaries are variable, hard to see on imaging. Clinical spread often defies fascial planes.
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Posterior Pararenal Space cont.
Posterior Pararenal Space cont.
Continuous with extraperitoneal fat of anterolateral abdominal wall, retroperitoneal fat over iliacus, and fat around bladder.
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Peripancreatic space location
Peripancreatic space location
Contains the duodenum and pancreas, the origins of the superior mesenteric vessels and the retroperitoneal segments of the bile duct, hepatic portal vein and hepatic artery
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Pericolic Spaces
Pericolic Spaces
Narrow regions around the ascending and descending colon, continuous medially with mesocolon, limited by serosa and retrocolic fascia.
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Lateroconal Fascia
Lateroconal Fascia
Lateral extension of retrocolic fusion fascia blending with parietal peritoneum in the paracolic gutter.
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Posterior Abdominal Wall Muscles Function
Posterior Abdominal Wall Muscles Function
Muscles that provide the surface against which the neurovascular and visceral structures of the retroperitoneum lie.
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Anterior branches
Anterior branches
The coeliac trunk, the superior mesenteric artery, the inferior mesenteric artery.
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lateral branches of abdominal aorta
lateral branches of abdominal aorta
Right and left middle suprarenal arteries.
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branches that arise from the posterolateral aspect of the abdominal aorta
branches that arise from the posterolateral aspect of the abdominal aorta
Usually four lumbar arteries on each side, in series with the posterior intercostal arteries
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Ascending lumbar veins
Ascending lumbar veins
Paired ascending lumbar veins run medial to psoas major and connect the ipsilateral common iliac, iliolumbar and lumbar veins
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iliohypogastric nerve
iliohypogastric nerve
Usually originates from the first lumbar ventral ramus but may arise wholly or in part from the twelfth thoracic ventral ramus
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Renal artery
Renal artery
The renal arteries are two of the largest branches of the abdominal aorta and arise laterally just inferior to the origin of the superior mesenteric artery at about the level of the body of the first lumbar vertebra
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Visceral Fasciae Terms
Visceral Fasciae Terms
Variable fascial layers between parietal peritoneum and quadratus lumborum.
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Perirenal Space
Perirenal Space
Space bounded by renal fascia, surrounds kidney and suprarenal gland.
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Posterior Abdominal Wall Support
Posterior Abdominal Wall Support
The posterior abdominal wall is supported by the vertebral column and pelvic girdle.
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Inferior Vena Cava (IVC)
Inferior Vena Cava (IVC)
Connects right atrium to the lower body.
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Lumbar Veins
Lumbar Veins
Paired veins collect blood from lumbar regions
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Cisterna Chyli
Cisterna Chyli
Retroperitoneal lymphatic dilation, receives lymph from intestines and lumbar trunks.
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Lumbar ventral rami
Lumbar ventral rami
The lumbar ventral rami pass laterally into the posterior part of psoas major
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Femoral cutaneous nerve
Femoral cutaneous nerve
Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh
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Retroperitoneum
Retroperitoneum
Area nestled between posterior abdominal wall and its parietal peritoneum lining.
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The retrocolic fascia
The retrocolic fascia
Contains the ascending and descending pericolic spaces of the of the colon.
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Quadratus Lumborum muscle
Quadratus Lumborum muscle
Rectangular shaped abdominal muscle, broader at its inferior attachment, attachments are by aponeurotic fibers.
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Posterior abdominal wall muscles
Posterior abdominal wall muscles
Muscles of the abdominal wall that provide the surface against which the neurovascular and visceral structures of the retroperitoneum lie
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The lumbar arteries
The lumbar arteries
Artery that supplies the lumbar arteries run posterolaterally on the first to fourth lumbar vertebral bodies.
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gonadal vein
gonadal vein
The right gonadal vein enters the IVC directly on its right anterolateral aspect at an acute angle about 2 cm inferior to the left renal vein in adults
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The iliacs lymph nodes
The iliacs lymph nodes
Paired iliac nodes are distributed around the common, external and internal iliac arteries and veins , are a common site of lymph node metastasis in prostate cancer
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Iliac lympthnode drainage
Iliac lympthnode drainage
Paired iliac nodes are distributed around the common, external and internal iliac arteries and veins drain the pelvic viscera
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The obturator nerve
The obturator nerve
formed within the substance of psoas major to emerge from its posteromedial border near the fifth lumbar vertebra
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Retrorenal Colon
Retrorenal Colon
Anatomical variant where ascending or descending colon lies in a groove behind the posterior layer of renal fascia.
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Peripancreatic fluid collections
Peripancreatic fluid collections
Contains ascending/descending pericolic spaces; extends into mesenteries, not perirenal/pericolic spaces.
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Quadratus Lumborum Actions
Quadratus Lumborum Actions
Fixes 12th rib, assisting diaphragm. Iliolumbar's action is weak, may contribute to lateral flexion.
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Posterior abdominal wall hernias
Posterior abdominal wall hernias
Absence of surgical incision, visceral herniation is rare d/t muscle/fascia. Inferior lumbar triangle is a weak spot.
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Abdominal Aorta Characteristics
Abdominal Aorta Characteristics
Angle varies. Diameter: males 19-21 mm, females 16-18 mm. Decreases distally, increase is progressive.
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Proximal Abdominal Aorta
Proximal Abdominal Aorta
Related to coeliac trunk, autonomic nerve plexuses, lymphatics. Separated by omental bursa from lesser omentum.
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The right and left middle suprarenal artery
The right and left middle suprarenal artery
Originate just inferior to the origin of the superior mesenteric artery at about the level of the body of the first lumbar vertebra
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- The abdominal aorta has a variable bifurcation angle based on Moussallem et al (2012).
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- Quadratus lumborum iliocostal fascicles stabilize the diaphragm attachments during inspiration.
- Weak lateral flexion or extension comes from Quadratus lumborum iliolumbar fascicles, Phillips et al. (2008) and Park et al. (2012) research.
- Ranson et al (2008) reported that Quadratus lumborum undergoes hypertrophy in some sports.
- Iliocostal fascicles of Quadratus Lumborum fix the twelfth rib aiding in stabilizing the lower attachments of the diaphragm during inspiration.
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