Sec 2 Hist Chap 7 Post-WWII Singapore BLANK

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Questions and Answers

The defeat of European forces by an Asian power, the ______ empire and the Japanese Occupation accelerated the growth of anti-colonial feelings

Japanese

In 1947, ______ gained independence from British rule

India

In 1949, ______ became free from the Dutch

Indonesia

In 1954, ______ overthrew their French colonial masters

Vietnam Signup and view all the answers

This affected Singapore as they felt betrayed and lost trust in the ______ after they surrendered Singapore to the Japanese during the war

British Signup and view all the answers

Locals believed that they should be in control of their own fate and wanted to be free from ______ rule

British Signup and view all the answers

After World War II (WWII) ended, ______ and USSR emerged as superpowers and fought in the Cold War

USA Signup and view all the answers

Both had large populations, strong ______ and rich resources

militaries Signup and view all the answers

Around the world, people were increasingly dissatisfied with ______ rule and wanted to be in control of their own fate

colonial Signup and view all the answers

The weakening of ______ rule affected post-war Singapore

colonial Signup and view all the answers

The USA practiced ______ where people could exercise their freedom of choice to vote for their government.

democracy/capitalism Signup and view all the answers

The USSR practiced ______ where people had to give up their freedom of choice to be governed under a dictatorship.

communism Signup and view all the answers

The Malayan Communist Party (MCP) had a lot of support from the people in ______ and Malaya.

Singapore Signup and view all the answers

The British were afraid that ______ would turn communist.

Singapore Signup and view all the answers

The British were more hesitant to grant ______ to Singapore and Malaya.

independence Signup and view all the answers

Maria Hertogh’s name was changed by her foster parents to ______.

Nadra binte Ma'arof Signup and view all the answers

The USSR did not allow people to own ______ properties and businesses.

private Signup and view all the answers

The USA and USSR had opposing ______ during WWII.

ideologies Signup and view all the answers

______ Riots occurred in the early 1950s.

Maria Hertogh Signup and view all the answers

Maria Hertogh was from a ______ family.

Dutch Signup and view all the answers

A British judge ordered that Maria be returned to her birth parents, but Che appealed against the ______.

decision Signup and view all the answers

The case was portrayed in the newspapers as a religious conflict between ______ and Christianity.

Islam Signup and view all the answers

Riots occurred when the judge rejected Che’s ______.

appeal Signup and view all the answers

Che’s supporters attacked Europeans and ______ during the riots.

Eurasians Signup and view all the answers

A ______ was imposed to put a stop to the riots.

curfew Signup and view all the answers

Around 500 students protested against National Service on 13 May ______, causing a response from the police.

1954 Signup and view all the answers

The clash between students and police left ______ injured.

26 Signup and view all the answers

Thousands of students locked themselves in classrooms in Chung Cheng High School in protest on 22 May ______.

1954 Signup and view all the answers

Students protested as they felt the British discriminated against ______ education.

Chinese Signup and view all the answers

Students were unwilling to register for National Service to defend a foreign ______.

government Signup and view all the answers

Japan officially surrendered to the Allies on 2 September 1945, marking the end of World War ___

II Signup and view all the answers

From 5 September 1945 to 31 March 1946, Singapore and Malaya came under the rule of the British Military ___.

Administration Signup and view all the answers

The British aimed to manage housing shortages through the Singapore Improvement ___ (SIT).

Trust Signup and view all the answers

Many continued to live in cramped conditions despite SIT building about 1742 houses per year from 1947 to ___.

1959 Signup and view all the answers

The year 1947 was known as 'The Year of ___' due to over 300 strikes in Singapore.

Strikes Signup and view all the answers

From 1947, trade unions had to be registered with the government to monitor ___ and clamp down on threats.

membership Signup and view all the answers

Locals in Singapore felt they should have more say in the country's affairs and wanted independence from colonial ___.

rule Signup and view all the answers

In 1948, people were given rights to ___ for local representatives into the government.

vote Signup and view all the answers

Under the Rendel Constitution, the number of local representatives increased from 6 in 1948 to ___ in 1955.

25 Signup and view all the answers

Only the Singapore Progressive Party (SPP) contested the election and won 3 out of the ___ seats.

6 Signup and view all the answers

The defeat of European forces by an Asian power, the ______ empire and the Japanese Occupation accelerated the growth of anti-colonial feelings

Japanese Signup and view all the answers

In 1947, ______ gained independence from British rule

India Signup and view all the answers

In 1949, ______ became free from the Dutch

Indonesia Signup and view all the answers

In 1954, ______ overthrew their French colonial masters

Vietnam Signup and view all the answers

This affected Singapore as they felt betrayed and lost trust in the ______ after they surrendered Singapore to the Japanese during the war

British Signup and view all the answers

Locals believed that they should be in control of their own fate and wanted to be free from ______ rule

colonial Signup and view all the answers

After World War II (WWII) ended, ______ and USSR emerged as superpowers and fought in the Cold War

USA Signup and view all the answers

Both had large populations, strong ______ and rich resources

economies Signup and view all the answers

Around the world, people were increasingly dissatisfied with ______ rule and wanted to be in control of their own fate

colonial Signup and view all the answers

The weakening of ______ rule affected post-war Singapore

colonial Signup and view all the answers

The USA practiced democracy/capitalism where people could exercise their freedom of choice to vote for their ______.

government Signup and view all the answers

The USSR practiced communism where people had to give up their freedom of choice to be governed under a ______.

dictatorship Signup and view all the answers

One’s freedom was less important than the benefit of ______.

society Signup and view all the answers

The Malayan Communist Party (MCP) tried to kick the British out of ______ and Malaya.

Singapore Signup and view all the answers

Maria Hertogh was adopted during the Japanese ______.

Occupation Signup and view all the answers

Maria’s name was changed by her foster parents to ______ binte Ma'arof.

Nadra Signup and view all the answers

Riots occurred in the early ______ due to the Maria Hertogh case.

1950s Signup and view all the answers

A British judge ordered that Maria be returned to her birth ______.

parents Signup and view all the answers

The case was portrayed in the newspapers as a religious ______.

conflict Signup and view all the answers

Che’s supporters attacked ______ during the riots.

Europeans Signup and view all the answers

After World War II, many countries rose up against their colonial ______ and fought for independence

masters Signup and view all the answers

The defeat of European forces by the Japanese empire and the Japanese Occupation accelerated the growth of anti-______ feelings

(do not include, already asked) Signup and view all the answers

Locals in Singapore felt they should have more say in the country's affairs and wanted independence from colonial ______

rule Signup and view all the answers

The growing influence of ______ affected post-war Singapore

Communism Signup and view all the answers

Around the world, people were increasingly dissatisfied with ______ rule and wanted to be in control of their own fate

(do not include, already asked) Signup and view all the answers

The USA and USSR emerged as ______ after World War II

superpowers Signup and view all the answers

Both the USA and USSR had large ______, strong militaries and rich resources

populations Signup and view all the answers

The British Military ______ ruled Singapore and Malaya from 5 September 1945 to 31 March 1946

Administration Signup and view all the answers

The year 1947 was known as 'The Year of ______' due to over 300 strikes in Singapore

Strikes Signup and view all the answers

Under the Rendel Constitution, the number of local representatives increased from 6 in 1948 to ______ in 1955

25 Signup and view all the answers

After the atomic bombs, Japan officially surrendered on 2 September 1945, marking the end of World War ___.

II Signup and view all the answers

People in Singapore experienced housing shortages due to the post-war baby ___.

boom Signup and view all the answers

The Singapore Improvement Trust (SIT) was established in 1927 to provide low-cost housing for the ___.

locals Signup and view all the answers

In 1947, there were over 300 strikes in Singapore, an event known as 'The Year of ___.

Strikes Signup and view all the answers

The British passed laws to control trade unions, suspecting that __ were stirring up anti-colonial feelings.

communists Signup and view all the answers

Locals wanted to control their own fate and were influenced by the global wave of ___.

decolonisation Signup and view all the answers

Under the Rendel Constitution, the number of local representatives in the government increased to ___ in 1955.

25 Signup and view all the answers

Many immigrants were not allowed to vote as they were not born in Britain or British ___.

colonies Signup and view all the answers

Only about 22,000 people were registered to vote out of the 960,000 people in ___.

Singapore Signup and view all the answers

Trade unions were no longer allowed to use funds to organise strikes and protests against the ___.

government Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

British Rule after WWII

Japan's surrender on 2 September 1945 marked the end of WWII, leading to British Military Administration in Singapore and Malaya from September 1945 to March 1946.

Housing Shortages

Rapid population growth post-war, driven by a baby boom, worsened housing shortages.
Singapore suffered from high birth rates in the 1940s and 1950s, compounded by extensive war damage to housing.
Many citizens resided in overcrowded conditions, such as slums.
The Singapore Improvement Trust (SIT) aimed to address these issues by implementing a building program for low-cost housing, originally established in 1927.
SIT constructed 20,907 housing units between 1947 and 1959, but only met roughly 10% of the annual housing demand.

Unsatisfactory Working Conditions and Industrial Unrest

Post-war, workers faced poor working conditions and engaged in significant industrial action.
1947 was notorious as "The Year of Strikes," with over 300 strikes involving nearly 70,000 workers.
Notably, trade union leaders like Devan Nair and Jamit Singh advocated for improved conditions through strikes.
The British government introduced regulations to control trade unions, fearing communist influence stirring unrest.
From 1947, trade unions required government registration, limiting their ability to organize strikes and protests; however, strikes persisted into the 1950s.

Political Rights and Freedom

There was a growing desire among Singaporeans for increased political rights and autonomy.
Influenced by global decolonization movements, locals sought greater control over their government and future.
The British initiated political tutelage to prepare Singapore for self-government, allowing voting for local representatives starting in 1948.
The Rendel Constitution increased local representation from 6 to 25 members by 1955 but saw low voter turnout due to restrictions on immigrants' voting rights.
Of approximately 960,000 residents, only about 22,000 were registered to vote, with merely 14,000 participating in elections.

Weakening of Colonial Rule

There was a global trend against colonialism, amplified by Japan’s earlier victory over European powers during WWII.
The defeat of colonial governments led to increased anti-colonial sentiments, with countries like India (1947), Indonesia (1949), and Vietnam (1954) achieving independence.
Singaporeans felt betrayed by the British for surrendering to the Japanese, amplifying calls for independence from colonial rule.

Growing Influence of Communism

Post-WWII, the emergence of the USA and USSR as superpowers was marked by ideological rivalry during the Cold War.
The USA promoted democracy and capitalism, while the USSR supported communism, leading to heightened tensions.
The Malayan Communist Party garnered popular support in Singapore and Malaya, compelling British caution regarding independence to prevent a communist takeover.

Maria Hertogh Riots

The Maria Hertogh case involved a conflict between her foster Muslim family and her Dutch biological parents, leading to a religious and cultural clash.
When a British court ruled against Che Aminah’s appeal for custody, riots erupted following a rejection of her request.
Rioters targeted Europeans and Eurasians, resulting in 18 deaths and 173 injuries; the violence stemmed from perceptions of colonial bias against Islam.

Anti-National Service Riots

On 13 May 1954, 500 students protested against National Service, leading to police intervention and violence.
A significant protest occurred on 22 May when students occupied classrooms in response to the British's closure of Chinese schools.
Resentment grew as students felt that National Service disrupted their education and that the British government favored English education.
The protests highlighted feelings of alienation towards a foreign authority perceived as oppressive and discriminatory.

British Rule after WWII

Japan's surrender on 2 September 1945 marked the end of WWII, leading to British Military Administration in Singapore and Malaya from September 1945 to March 1946.

Housing Shortages

Rapid population growth post-war, driven by a baby boom, worsened housing shortages.
Singapore suffered from high birth rates in the 1940s and 1950s, compounded by extensive war damage to housing.
Many citizens resided in overcrowded conditions, such as slums.
The Singapore Improvement Trust (SIT) aimed to address these issues by implementing a building program for low-cost housing, originally established in 1927.
SIT constructed 20,907 housing units between 1947 and 1959, but only met roughly 10% of the annual housing demand.

Unsatisfactory Working Conditions and Industrial Unrest

Post-war, workers faced poor working conditions and engaged in significant industrial action.
1947 was notorious as "The Year of Strikes," with over 300 strikes involving nearly 70,000 workers.
Notably, trade union leaders like Devan Nair and Jamit Singh advocated for improved conditions through strikes.
The British government introduced regulations to control trade unions, fearing communist influence stirring unrest.
From 1947, trade unions required government registration, limiting their ability to organize strikes and protests; however, strikes persisted into the 1950s.

Political Rights and Freedom

There was a growing desire among Singaporeans for increased political rights and autonomy.
Influenced by global decolonization movements, locals sought greater control over their government and future.
The British initiated political tutelage to prepare Singapore for self-government, allowing voting for local representatives starting in 1948.
The Rendel Constitution increased local representation from 6 to 25 members by 1955 but saw low voter turnout due to restrictions on immigrants' voting rights.
Of approximately 960,000 residents, only about 22,000 were registered to vote, with merely 14,000 participating in elections.

Weakening of Colonial Rule

There was a global trend against colonialism, amplified by Japan’s earlier victory over European powers during WWII.
The defeat of colonial governments led to increased anti-colonial sentiments, with countries like India (1947), Indonesia (1949), and Vietnam (1954) achieving independence.
Singaporeans felt betrayed by the British for surrendering to the Japanese, amplifying calls for independence from colonial rule.

Growing Influence of Communism

Post-WWII, the emergence of the USA and USSR as superpowers was marked by ideological rivalry during the Cold War.
The USA promoted democracy and capitalism, while the USSR supported communism, leading to heightened tensions.
The Malayan Communist Party garnered popular support in Singapore and Malaya, compelling British caution regarding independence to prevent a communist takeover.

Maria Hertogh Riots

The Maria Hertogh case involved a conflict between her foster Muslim family and her Dutch biological parents, leading to a religious and cultural clash.
When a British court ruled against Che Aminah’s appeal for custody, riots erupted following a rejection of her request.
Rioters targeted Europeans and Eurasians, resulting in 18 deaths and 173 injuries; the violence stemmed from perceptions of colonial bias against Islam.

Anti-National Service Riots

On 13 May 1954, 500 students protested against National Service, leading to police intervention and violence.
A significant protest occurred on 22 May when students occupied classrooms in response to the British's closure of Chinese schools.
Resentment grew as students felt that National Service disrupted their education and that the British government favored English education.
The protests highlighted feelings of alienation towards a foreign authority perceived as oppressive and discriminatory.

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Description

Learn about the British Military Administration in Singapore and Malaya after WWII, and the housing shortages that followed due to rapid population growth and war damage.