Podcast
Questions and Answers
What was the main goal of the Washington Naval Conference?
What was the main goal of the Washington Naval Conference?
What was the Treaty of Rapallo's primary purpose?
What was the Treaty of Rapallo's primary purpose?
What was a key provision of the Treaty of Versailles?
What was a key provision of the Treaty of Versailles?
What was the main outcome of the Genoa Conference?
What was the main outcome of the Genoa Conference?
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Which of these countries did NOT participate in the Washington Naval Conference?
Which of these countries did NOT participate in the Washington Naval Conference?
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What was the primary criticism of the Treaty of Versailles from Germany's perspective?
What was the primary criticism of the Treaty of Versailles from Germany's perspective?
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Which of these treaties focused on protecting China's independence and trade rights?
Which of these treaties focused on protecting China's independence and trade rights?
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Which of the following was a key element of President Wilson's 14 Points?
Which of the following was a key element of President Wilson's 14 Points?
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Flashcards
Washington Naval Conference
Washington Naval Conference
A 1921-1922 meeting to limit naval arms and prevent wars.
Treaty of Rapallo
Treaty of Rapallo
A 1922 agreement between Germany and USSR to restore relations and cancel debts.
Treaty of Versailles
Treaty of Versailles
A treaty ending WWI that blamed Germany, imposed reparations, and created the League of Nations.
Genoa Conference
Genoa Conference
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The Big Four
The Big Four
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Four-Power Treaty
Four-Power Treaty
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Nine-Power Treaty
Nine-Power Treaty
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Wilson's 14 Points
Wilson's 14 Points
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Study Notes
Post-World War I Treaties and Conferences
- Washington Naval Conference (1921-1922): Led by the U.S., this conference aimed to limit naval arms and prevent future wars. Major powers (Britain, Japan, France) agreed to reduce battleships and respect Pacific territories. While easing tensions, it did not prevent future conflicts.
- Treaty of Rapallo (1922): Germany and the Soviet Union restored relations and cancelled war debts. Germany secretly trained its military in the USSR, creating tension with Britain and France who saw this as strengthening Germany. This treaty was signed in Rapallo, Italy.
Treaty of Versailles (1919)
- Key Provisions: Ended World War I, heavily blamed Germany for the war, demanding massive reparations, military limitations, and territorial losses.
- Consequences: Left Germany weakened and resentful, setting the stage for future conflicts.
- League of Nations: Created by the treaty, but not joined by the U.S.
Genoa Conference (1922)
- Purpose: Discuss Europe's economic recovery and German reparations.
- Failure: France refused to reduce reparations and Germany and the Soviet Union felt isolated. Led to the signing of the Treaty of Rapallo, further escalating tensions with Western Europe.
Paris Peace Conference (1919)
- Outcome: The conference led to the Treaty of Versailles.
- Major Figures (The Big Four): U.S. (Wilson), Britain (Lloyd George), France (Clemenceau), and Italy (Orlando) determined the terms of the treaty.
Contributing Factors to Post-War Instability
- Dissatisfaction with the Treaty of Versailles: Germany felt unfairly treated, France desired harsher terms, and the U.S. declined to join the treaty and League of Nations out of fear of future involvement in conflicts.
Key Agreements Following the Genoa Conference
- Five-Power Treaty: Limited the number of naval warships for the U.S., Britain, Japan, France, and Italy in specific ratios (5:5:3:1.67:1.67).
- Nine-Power Treaty: Protected China's independence and trade rights.
- Four-Power Treaty: U.S., Britain, Japan, and France agreed to respect each other's Pacific territories.
- Dawes Plan (1924): A U.S.-led effort to assist Germany in paying reparations. It temporarily stabilized the German economy through reduced payments and loans.
Post-War Crises
- Ruhr Crisis (1923): France and Belgium occupied the Ruhr region of Germany to enforce reparation payments, creating economic hardship for Germany.
Other Important Points
- Wilson's 14 Points: President Wilson's vision for post-war peace, including self-determination and the League of Nations, largely went unfulfilled.
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Description
Explore the key treaties and conferences that shaped the post-World War I landscape. Learn about the Washington Naval Conference, the Treaty of Rapallo, and the Treaty of Versailles, their implications, and the international relations that followed. This quiz will test your knowledge on how these agreements aimed to prevent future conflicts.
