Post-World War I Effects and Mexico's Politics

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Questions and Answers

What was one effect of the Good Neighbor Policy on Mexico?

Support for the nationalization of the oil industry (correct)

Imposition of stricter tariffs on Mexican goods

Increased military intervention by the US

Withdrawal of all US businesses from Mexico

Cultural nationalism in Latin America during the 1920s led to an increase in European cultural influence.

False

Name one prominent mural painter mentioned in the context of cultural nationalism in Mexico.

Diego Rivera

Latin American countries aimed to develop their own industries to reduce dependency on _______ after WWI.

imports Signup and view all the answers

Match the following concepts with their descriptions:

Political Nationalism = Stronger authoritarian governments in Latin America Economic Nationalism = Development of local industries and reduced imports Cultural Nationalism = Rejection of European cultural influences Good Neighbor Policy = Non-interventionist approach by the US in Latin America Signup and view all the answers

What was a common hardship faced by Africans under colonial rule?

Restrictions on the types of crops they could plant Signup and view all the answers

During WWI, over one million Africans fought for the colonial rulers expecting more rights as a result.

True Signup and view all the answers

What inspired African pushes for independence in the early 20th century?

Wilson's call for self-determination Signup and view all the answers

What major effect did WWI have on Germany?

Germany was required to pay harsh reparations. Signup and view all the answers

The Treaty of Versailles helped to encourage independence movements in European colonies.

True Signup and view all the answers

Who was the ruler of Mexico before the revolution and how did his rule impact the majority of the population?

Porfirio Diaz; his rule benefited only a small group, while the majority opposed his authoritarian leadership. Signup and view all the answers

The Mexican Constitution of 1917 introduced __________ reform, aimed at improving peasant lives.

land Signup and view all the answers

Match the key figures of the Mexican Revolution with their contributions:

Francisco Villa = Co-leader in coalition against Huerta, improved peasant lives Emiliano Zapata = Co-leader in coalition against Huerta, similar goals as Villa Venustiano Carranza = Became president in 1917, approved new constitution Victoriano Huerta = Set up a new dictatorship after Madero's assassination Signup and view all the answers

What type of government actions were included in the aspects of the Constitution of 1917?

Strengthening government's control over the economy Signup and view all the answers

The Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) aimed to consolidate power by ignoring the community groups' goals.

False Signup and view all the answers

What caused the unrest leading to the Mexican Revolution in 1910?

Francisco Madero's demand for free elections and opposition to Porfirio Diaz's rule. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Effects of World War I

Harsh reparations imposed on Germany, including loss of overseas colonies
Redistribution of overseas colonies at the Paris Peace Conference
Destruction of empires (like Ottoman), birth of nation-states
Increased independence movements in European colonies
Rise of communism

Characteristics of Post-War Era

Social, economic, and psychological upheaval globally
Increased feeling of crisis and uncertainty among populations
Growing calls for self-determination across regions

Commonalities Across Regions

Desire for self-governance, especially in formerly colonized areas
Embrace of cultural, economic, and political nationalism

Mexico under Porfirio Diaz

Authoritarian rule (1876-1911)
Restored Mexican economy
Benefits primarily accrued to a small elite group (cientificos)
Significant opposition from the urban middle class, who desired democracy
Perceived betrayal of national interests to foreign powers (especially US)

Mexican Revolution

Causes: Growing unrest & opposition to Diaz's rule
Events:
- Madero's call for free elections (1910)
- Diaz's resignation (1911), Madero's ascension
- Huerta's coup and dictatorship (1913), assassination of Madero
- Coalition against Huerta: Villa, Zapata, Carranza
- Carranza's eventual victory and presidency (1917)
Key Figures:
- Francisco Villa: Sought peasant improvements.
- Emiliano Zapata: Shared goals of Villa for peasants.
- Venustiano Carranza: Pragmatic leader, eventually turned against and defeated Villa and Zapata.

Constitution of 1917

Land and labor reforms: Redistribution of land, restrictions on foreign land ownership, government control over resources (nationalization)
Class reforms: Minimum wage, workers' rights (right to strike)
Women's rights: Movement towards greater equality in the workforce
Restrictions on the church: Reduced church influence, asserting government ownership of land
Economic control: Strengthened government's control over the economy

Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI)

Included diverse groups, maintaining power through a flexible approach
Provided stability to Mexico

Nationalism in Latin America

Political Nationalism: Authoritarian leaning governments arose with a focus on national economic protection
Cultural Nationalism: Move away from European influences/trends; a proud embrace of their own culture and the blending of Western and indigenous traditions.
Economic Nationalism: Efforts to develop independent industries, reduce dependence on foreign goods; using tariffs, investments, and promoting local business.

Good Neighbor Policy

US non-intervention in Latin America's internal affairs.
Abandoning military occupations
Supporting Mexico's nationalization efforts.
Emphasis on cooperation and trade rather than force.

Africa under Colonial Rule

Almost complete colonization of Africa (by 1900s)
Exploitation of African labor; low wages for plantation/mine work.
Restriction on land ownership and usage.
Restrictions on movement, identity documents, etc.
WWI-era African soldiers fighting in hopes of rights/recognition.
African intellectuals and activists criticized colonial rule.
Growing opposition to colonialism and desire for independence following WWI.

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Description

Explore the significant effects of World War I on the global landscape, including harsh reparations and the rise of nationalism. Additionally, examine the characteristics of the post-war era and the political dynamics in Mexico under Porfirio Diaz's rule. This quiz will test your understanding of these critical historical events.