Post-War Canadian Politics Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What was Duplesis aiming to foster by opposing federal involvement?

  • Increased federal control
  • French Canadian nationalism (correct)
  • Economic integration with Ontario
  • A unified Canadian identity

Compared to the average Canadian standard of living, how much lower was Quebec's?

  • 15% lower
  • 5% lower
  • 10% lower (correct)
  • 20% lower

What does the content suggest about Duplesis's approach to Quebec-federal relations?

  • He wished to foster federal collaboration
  • He encouraged further federal intervention
  • He sought to increase federal power in Quebec
  • He aimed for greater autonomy from the federal government (correct)

Relative to Ontario's standard of living, by what percentage was Quebec's lower?

<p>20% lower (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of suspending civil liberties in the provided text?

<p>It gave police the right to search or arrest without due process of law. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key indicator of Quebec's economic situation as presented in the content?

<p>A standard of living lower than Ontario and the Canadian average (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main argument presented by the French Canadian nationalists regarding the suspension of civil liberties?

<p>They perceive it as an unjust act imposed by a majority English government. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what context, according to the text, were civil liberties previously suspended besides the current situation?

<p>In times of national emergency or war, such as World War I and World War II. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why was Pierre Laporte kidnapped?

<p>He was a minister in the Quebec Liberal Party (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main issue related to the suspension of civil liberties in Quebec?

<p>It sparked a debate about the balance between security and individual freedoms. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The information about Prime Minister Trudeau in the text suggests that he...

<p>Has been criticized for his handling of the pandemic. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What triggered the violence mentioned in the text?

<p>The election of Robert Bourassa as premier (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was James Cross's occupation?

<p>He was a foreign diplomat (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long after James Cross's involvement did Pierre Laporte's kidnapping occur?

<p>Five days later (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which political party did Robert Bourassa lead?

<p>The Liberal Party (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the 1969 White Paper proposed by Trudeau?

<p>To gradually assimilate Aboriginal people into mainstream Canadian society by abolishing the Indian Act (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one significant outcome of the fierce opposition to the White Paper by Native leaders?

<p>Trudeau withdrew the White Paper from becoming law (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did the Indigenous leaders strongly oppose the White Paper?

<p>They considered it an attempt to impose unwanted regulations upon them and undermine their established rights and treaties (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the status of most Aboriginal people in Canada during the late 1960s?

<p>They faced poor living conditions and discrimination (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Jean Chretien, and what was his role in the context of the 1969 White Paper?

<p>He was the Minister of Indian Affairs who worked with Trudeau to create the White Paper. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the key recognitions established by the Meech Lake Accord regarding Quebec?

<p>Quebec was recognized as a distinct society. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many Supreme Court judges were proposed to be from Quebec under the Meech Lake Accord?

<p>3 out of 9 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What requirement was stipulated in the Meech Lake Accord regarding constitutional amendments?

<p>All 10 provinces must agree to amendments. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following powers was granted to provinces under the Meech Lake Accord?

<p>Provinces could opt out of federal programs. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What control did Quebec gain over its own affairs through the Meech Lake Accord?

<p>Control over its own immigration policy. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant outcome of the 1992 meeting in Charlottetown?

<p>It was perceived by many as a document that favored Quebec. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which groups were notably left out of the Charlottetown proposal discussions?

<p>Natives, women, and representatives from Western Canada (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of support for separatism was recorded in Quebec following the Meech Lake Accord issues?

<p>65% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was NOT included in the Canada Clause?

<p>Equal representation for women in government (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What prompted the defeat of the Charlottetown proposal?

<p>Insufficient engagement with the public prior to the vote (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

White Paper (1969)

A 1969 Canadian government policy that aimed to abolish the Indian Act and integrate Indigenous peoples into mainstream Canadian society.

Indian Act

A legal document that defines the rights and responsibilities of Indigenous people in Canada, which was established in 1876.

Equality (Canadian Context)

The belief that all Canadians should have equal rights and opportunities, regardless of their background, ethnicity, or cultural identity.

National Unity (Canadian Context)

The idea that all Canadians share a common sense of belonging and are treated with respect, regardless of their identity or background.

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Fierce Opposition

A strong rejection or disapproval of an idea or policy.

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Kidnapping

The act of taking someone against their will, used to exert influence or pressure.

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Foreign Diplomat

A person appointed by a country to represent their interests in another country.

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Resentment

A strong feeling of dislike or antagonism directed at a specific group due to their perceived differences.

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Premier

A political leader elected to head a government, typically through a democratic process.

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Nationalism

A strong desire for a specific group or nation to have complete autonomy and control over its own affairs.

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Duplesis' Nationalism

Duplesis, a premier of Quebec, attempted to build a sense of French Canadian identity and independence by opposing the federal government's involvement in Quebec matters.

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Quebec's Standard of Living

The average standard of living in Quebec was significantly lower than the Canadian national average.

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Quebec's Economy vs Ontario

The economic well-being of Quebec residents was considerably worse compared to those living in the province of Ontario.

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Duplesis' Goal

Duplesis' actions aimed to empower Quebec and limit federal government influence.

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Regional Disparities

The significant difference in standard of living between Quebec and Ontario highlights regional disparities in Canada.

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War Measures Act

A law that suspends civil liberties, allowing police to search or arrest without legal process.

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Detention without Due Process

The act of detaining individuals without due process, often considered an injustice.

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Injustice by a Majority Government

The feeling of being treated unfairly by a government or group that is not representative of your own.

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French-Canadian Nationalism

Nationalism based on French-Canadian identity, seeking cultural and political autonomy.

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Opposition to War Measures Act

The act of questioning and opposing the use of the War Measures Act in a specific context, seeing it as an unwarranted infringement on individual freedoms.

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Quebec as a Distinct Society

The Meech Lake Accord acknowledged Quebec's unique cultural and social identity within Canada.

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Quebec Supreme Court Representation

The agreement mandated that three out of nine Supreme Court of Canada justices must be from Quebec.

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Unanimous Constitutional Amendment

The Meech Lake Accord required unanimous consent from all ten provinces to amend the Canadian Constitution.

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Provincial Opt-Out Option

Provinces could choose not to participate in federal programs and receive funds from the federal government to create their own similar programs.

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Quebec's Immigration Control

The Meech Lake Accord proposed giving Quebec control over its immigration policies.

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Charlottetown Accord

The Charlottetown Accord was a proposed constitutional amendment that aimed to address various issues, including Indigenous self-government, Senate reform, and a Social Charter, and aimed to unite Canada.

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Why did Charlottetown Accord Fail?

The Charlottetown Accord failed because only four provinces, namely New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland, and Ontario, voted in favor of the plan, leading to its rejection.

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Canada Clause

The Canada Clause, a key element of the Charlottetown Accord, aimed to define and strengthen Canada's identity by emphasizing the fundamental role of Aboriginal peoples, Quebec as a distinct society, official language minorities, provincial equality, and a social charter.

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Quebec Sovereignty Movement

The Quebec sovereignty movement gained significant momentum after the failure of the Meech Lake Accord, as the sentiment of separation intensified, reaching a peak of 65% support for independence.

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1995 Quebec Referendum

The 1995 Quebec Referendum was another attempt to gauge Quebec's desire for independence. The 'No' side prevailed, narrowly defeating the 'Yes' side, thus maintaining Quebec's position within Canada.

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Study Notes

Post-War Canada Politics

  • Louis St. Laurent became Prime Minister in 1948, succeeding Mackenzie King
  • Affectionately nicknamed "Uncle Louis" or "Buzzsaw Louie"
  • Oversaw key developments: the creation of NATO, Newfoundland's entry into Canada (1949), and major infrastructure projects like the Trans-Canada Highway and Saint Lawrence Seaway
  • John Diefenbaker (Conservative) became Prime Minister in 1957
  • Won a majority government in the following election, a significant victory in Canadian history
  • Advocated for Canadian nationalism, especially in relation to US foreign policy
  • Cancelled the Avro Arrow supersonic jet program, and stationed Canadian nuclear missiles on Canadian soil

Canadian Politics in the 1960s

  • Diefenbaker lost the 1963 election to Lester B. Pearson (Liberal)
  • Diefenbaker faced an economic downturn in the early 1960s
  • Canadian dollar devalued to 92 cents
  • Pearson's notable achievements: the Canada Pension Plan, Canada Student Loans, and the Canadian Healthcare System

Events in Quebec

  • Expo 67 (Montreal World's Fair): A major world's fair in Montreal that highlighted Canadian culture to the world
  • French President Charles de Gaulle's visit (and controversial statements): De Gaulle's visit to Quebec City, marked by a statement that sparked tension between Quebec and the rest of Canada
  • The French spoken language throughout the region became more heavily emphasized; Quebecois politics began focusing on issues of independence from Canada.

Economic Developments

  • Tight economic ties with the US despite some campaigning for "buying Canada" products.
  • The 1965 Auto Pact: Facilitated free movement of automobiles and parts between Canada and the US.

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