Post-Modern Pluralisations Quiz (Modul 5)
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Questions and Answers

What significant movement was established in 1968 focused on Native American rights?

  • Black Panther Party
  • El Movimiento Estudianti Chicano de Aztlan
  • American Indian Movement (correct)
  • Asian American Political Alliance
  • Which era is characterized by a turn towards 'American values' and significant threats to daily life?

  • 1980s/1990s (correct)
  • Obama Years
  • Biden/Harris Administration
  • Trump Years
  • During which presidency was the concept of a 'post-racial society' notably discussed?

  • Trump Administration
  • Clinton Administration
  • Obama Administration (correct)
  • Bush Administration
  • What controversial political ideologies emerged prominently during the Trump Years?

    <p>Paleo-conservatism and alt-right (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event in January 2021 marked a significant moment in American politics during the Biden/Harris administration?

    <p>The U.S. Capitol mob incident (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the name of the movement that fought for the rights of Native Americans in the early 20th century?

    <p>Society of American Indians (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event signified a shift in the understanding of racial equality in America?

    <p>The Brown v. Board of Education ruling in 1954 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which societal shift did the Civil Rights movement challenge most directly?

    <p>The dominance of traditional social structures and ideologies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these events highlighted the violence that could accompany the Civil Rights movement?

    <p>The assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the phrase "double V-campaign" refer to?

    <p>The simultaneous fight for victory in World War II and victory over racism at home. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary purpose of the Civil Rights movement?

    <p>To end racial segregation and discrimination in the United States (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these statements best describes the challenges faced by the Civil Rights movement?

    <p>The movement encountered resistance from white supremacists, resulting in violence and intimidation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the focus of 19th century American theatre change by the time of the Provincetown Players?

    <p>It shifted towards entertainment driven by star power. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept introduced by Allan Kaprow influenced postmodern theatre in the 1950s/60s?

    <p>'Happenings' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which postmodern theatre group was known for its strong emphasis on politics and activism?

    <p>'The Living Theatre' (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the 'Bread and Puppet Theatre' founded by Peter Schumann?

    <p>A politically radical and activist orientation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one key theme of the New Realism movement that began in the 1980s?

    <p>Middle-class American family life and suburbia. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Toni Morrison's 'Beloved' relate to the themes of the New Realism movement?

    <p>It addresses the lingering effects of slavery through re-memory. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes 'Open Theatre' from 'The Living Theatre'?

    <p>A belief they had become too politically charged. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of postmodern theatre?

    <p>A focus on improvisation and audience interaction. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of 'colour-blind racism'?

    <p>Assuming that racial differences are solely based on individual merit. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the text, how does 'white fragility' contribute to the maintenance of white supremacy?

    <p>By hindering meaningful conversations about race and refusing to acknowledge racial privilege. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text suggest about the role of virtualisation in our current reality?

    <p>It has the potential to connect individuals across geographical boundaries. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a defining characteristic of postmodernism, as described in the text?

    <p>Belief in a single, absolute truth or interpretation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does postmodernism relate to modernism?

    <p>Postmodernism seeks to build upon and complete the unfinished project of modernism. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text imply about the concept of 'post-post-modernism' after the events of 9/11?

    <p>It indicates a potential shift in the understanding and application of postmodernism. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the core argument presented by the text concerning 'colour-blind racism'?

    <p>It is a subtle form of racism that perpetuates racial inequalities by denying the existence of systemic biases. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between modernism and postmodernism, as described in the text?

    <p>Modernism emphasizes a single, objective truth, while postmodernism embraces multiple perspectives and interpretations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Jean-Francois Lyotard assert about grand narratives?

    <p>They are outdated and cannot apply universally. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the key characteristics of postmodern literature according to the content?

    <p>A focus on the performance of the text over the plot. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which writer is associated with the concept of ‘Projective Verse’?

    <p>Charles Olson (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the concept of ‘death of the author’ by Barthes imply?

    <p>Readers are free to derive their own interpretations of a text. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of postmodern literature, what is meant by 'fusion and dissolution'?

    <p>Eliminating the boundary between art and popular culture. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Audre Lorde claim about poetry in her manifesto?

    <p>It serves as a vital necessity for survival. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of identity is emphasized in the works of Gloria Anzaldúa?

    <p>The celebration of hybrid identities and experiences. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the Beat Movement?

    <p>A focus on protest, innovation, and non-conformism. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does intertextuality play in postmodern literature?

    <p>It allows for the reconfiguration and remixing of texts. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of postmodern literature, what does 'faction' refer to?

    <p>The blending of fact and fiction in storytelling. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of Ronald Sukenick's view on innovative fiction?

    <p>The ongoing incidents and experiences over structured plots. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant theme in Ralph Ellison's 'Invisible Man'?

    <p>The search for identity and recognition in a prejudiced society. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does postmodernism challenge the concept of chronological narrative?

    <p>By dissolving the traditional sense of chronology. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of ‘hybridity’ in postmodern literature?

    <p>It promotes the mixing of cultural forms and traditions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    El Movimiento Estudianti Chicano de Aztlan (MEChA)

    A Chicano student organization founded in 1967 to promote the history and culture of Mexican Americans.

    American Indian Movement

    A civil rights organization founded in 1968 to address issues related to Native Americans including treaty rights and sovereignty.

    Post-racial society

    The idea that society has moved beyond racism, but often used to avoid addressing ongoing racial issues.

    Post-factualism

    A term describing a situation where public opinion is influenced more by emotions than by facts, often linked to the rise of fake news.

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    Paleo-conservatism

    A political philosophy advocating for a return to traditional conservative values, often emphasizing nationalism and isolationism.

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    Postmodernist Pluralisations

    The shifts in thought and society following WWII, emphasizing diversity and skepticism.

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    Contextual Changes Post-WWII

    Shift from rationalism to irrationalism, reflecting societal anxieties.

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    Absurdity in Society

    The sense of a meaningless or irrational world emerging in culture after WWII.

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    Civil Rights Movement

    A social movement in the 1950s to 1970s seeking equality for African Americans.

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    Brown v. Board of Education

    The 1954 Supreme Court ruling that segregation in public schools is unconstitutional.

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    Montgomery Bus Boycott

    A protest against racial segregation on public buses in 1955-56.

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    March on Washington

    A 1963 rally for civil and economic rights for African Americans, highlighted by Martin Luther King's speech.

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    Violent Backlash

    The violent reactions faced by civil rights activists, including assassinations and riots.

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    19th Century American Theatre

    Commercial theatre focused on star actors and melodrama, heavily influenced by European styles.

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    Provincetown Players

    A theatre group that played a key role in the emergence of 20th century American drama, emphasizing playwrights.

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    Postmodern Theatre

    Emergence of performance art in the 1950s/60s, focusing less on story and more on improvisation and audience interaction.

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    Allan Kaprow

    Artist known for developing the concept of 'happenings,' emphasizing audience interaction in performance art.

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    The Living Theatre

    An experimental theatre group focused on activism and challenging societal structures through performance.

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    Open Theatre

    A theatre movement led by Joseph Chaikin, moving away from intense political activism to focus on personal expression.

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    Bread and Puppet Theatre

    A radical theatre company known for its politically charged performances and protests.

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    New Realism

    A 1980s/1990s movement highlighting suburban life, migration, and social issues through literature.

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    Black Lives Matter

    A movement targeting racism and promoting racial equality.

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    Colour-blind racism

    A belief that ignores racial differences, potentially perpetuating racism.

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    White Fragility

    Discomfort and defensiveness by white people when confronted with racism.

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    Systematic racism

    Institutional practices and policies that produce racial inequalities.

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    Virtualisation

    The process of creating a virtual reality, often influenced by technology.

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    Postmodernism

    An era of art and thought characterized by skepticism towards narratives and truths.

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    Experimental aesthetic movements

    Innovative forms of art and literature emerging after WWII.

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    Post-post-modernism

    A term referring to the cultural responses after the events of 9/11, questioning existing narratives.

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    Gertrude Stein

    An influential writer known for radical experiments and play with language.

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    Jean-Francois Lyotard

    Philosopher who proclaimed the end of grand narratives in society.

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    Death of the Author

    Roland Barthes' idea that the author's intent should not dictate a text's meaning.

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    Poststructuralism

    A theory emphasizing the multiplicity of meanings and interpretations in texts.

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    Innovative Fiction

    A new form of literature that challenges traditional narrative structures.

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    Projective Verse

    Charles Olson's concept focusing on the dynamic motion of poetry.

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    Mestiza Consciousness

    Gloria Anzaldúa's idea of hybrid identities shaped by cultural intersections.

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    Metafiction

    Literature that self-consciously addresses its own nature as fiction.

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    Faction

    A blend of fact and fiction, often seen in new journalism.

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    Beat Movement

    A literary movement protesting 1950s America through avant-garde writing.

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    Jack Kerouac

    Author of 'On the Road', embodying Beat ideals of individualism and freedom.

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    Postmodern Playfulness

    A characteristic of postmodern literature that embraces humor and parody.

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    Intertextuality

    The relationship between texts that influences their meanings.

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    Dissolving Chronology

    The blurring of traditional narrative timeline in postmodern literature.

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    Cultural Marginalization

    The process by which certain cultures are pushed to the edge of society.

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    Study Notes

    Module 5: Post-Modern Pluralisations

    • World War II brought about changes and reorientations, moving from rationalism to irrationalism, logic/causality to contingency/chance, and progress to relativity.
    • Enlightenment was replaced by scepticism and anxiety.
    • These changes are reflected in art and literature, characterized by the individual as free and alone, anonymous in society, and marked by absurdity and conformity to social standards.
    • Influences like the "Jazz Age" (e.g., The Great Gatsby) saw excess, material compensations, and differences/inequalities in society.
    • Multiple, hybrid identities (race, gender, culture, sexuality) were prominent.
    • The 1960s saw challenges to American ideologies with civil rights and ethnic rights movements, anti-Vietnam War protests, war on poverty, student protests, and counterculture/environmental movements.

    Contexts and Contours – Civil Rights Movement (1950s-1970s)

    • The NAACP (1909) was a key organization.
    • Other key groups included the Society of American Indians (1911), League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC) (1929), Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) (1942), National Congress of American Indians (1944), and Asociación Nacional México-Americana (1950)
    • Racism continued throughout this period.
    • Events like the Brown v. Board of Education (1954), Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955-1956), March on Washington (1963), the Civil Rights Act, and the Voting Rights Act were pivotal.
    • There were violent responses, including assassinations of Martin Luther King Jr.
    • The Civil Rights Movement led to the growth of various ethnic movements. Examples include the American Indian Movement (1968), Chicano movement (1967), and Asian American Political Alliance (1968).

    Contexts and Contours Continued to Today

    • The period saw a rise in conservatism with the return/emphasis on "American Values" in response to Cold War anxieties.
    • There was a shift in social issues with threats from daily life (school shootings, terrorist acts).
    • The middle class eroded, leading to a financial crisis. Debates about immigration, LGBTQ+ rights, welfare, and healthcare continued.
    • The Trump years saw post-factualism, fake news and populism.

    Contexts and Contours Continued – Critical Whiteness Studies, the Pandemic, Virtualization

    • Colour-blind racism fails to acknowledge the persistence of racism in various settings.
    • There's a trend for whites to ignore racial inequality.
    • There's an increasing impact of virtualisation and technology on daily life.

    Glimpses into Postmodern Literatures: Postmodernism, Diversity, Beat Movement

    • Postmodernism is characterized by experimental aesthetics, movements after WWII and as a critical response to modernism.
    • Multiple interpretations, no singular truth are common themes.

    Precursors and Influences

    • Important figures include Gertrude Stein, Jean-Francois Lyotard, and others who challenge traditional narratives.

    Ideas and Characteristics

    • Postmodern works often reuse existing forms innovatively.
    • Collage techniques, intertextuality, and hybridity are common approaches.
    • Fusion and dissolution of genres and styles occur.
    • Factions of fiction (fiction with facts) and other experimental methods are used.
    • Metafiction is common as the lines between fiction and reality blur.

    Postmodern Performance Art and Theater: Postmodern Literary Movements

    • 19th century American theatre was commercial, focused on melodrama, and often racist and stereotypical.
    • The 1950s–60s witnessed a shift to performance-based art.
    • Postmodern theatre moved away from traditional stories to focus more on improvisation and performance.

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    Description

    This quiz delves into the transformations in society following World War II, touching on major shifts from rationalism to irrationalism and changes in art and literature. It explores themes of individualism, hybrid identities, and significant movements such as the Civil Rights Movement and counterculture of the 1960s.

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