Post-Classical Era Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What do Shi'ites believe regarding the ruler of the Islamic people?

  • Chosen by the people
  • Direct descendent of Muhammad (correct)
  • Selected by consensus
  • None of the above
  • What do Sunnis believe regarding the ruler of the Islamic people?

  • Should be a scholar
  • From a noble family
  • Direct descendent of Muhammad
  • Chosen by the people (correct)
  • What was the capital of the Sasanid Empire?

    Ctesiphon

    Mecca is a religious center of Islam where Muslims face when they pray.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is the prophet of Islam?

    <p>Muhammad</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Quran?

    <p>The sacred text of Islam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Umayyad Caliphate known for?

    <p>First hereditary dynasty of Muslim caliphs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Abbasid Caliphate overthrew the Umayyad Caliphate.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'umma' refer to in Islam?

    <p>The community of all Muslims</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the central administration of the Roman Catholic Church called?

    <p>Papacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of feudalism?

    <p>Social system of kings, vassals, knights, peasants, etc.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Holy Roman Empire?

    <p>A loose federation of mostly German states</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the capital of the Aztec Empire?

    <p>Tenochtitlan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens in a tribute system?

    <p>Defeated peoples are forced to pay a tax</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Genghis Khan?

    <p>The founder of the Mongol Empire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Yuan Empire was created by Khubilai Khan.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Ming Empire known for?

    <p>Establishing trade, sponsoring expeditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'shogunate' refer to in Japan?

    <p>Military government led by a shogun</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Zen refer to in Buddhism?

    <p>A branch based on highly disciplined meditation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Islamic Sects and Key Figures

    • Shi'ites: Believe rulers should be descendants of Muhammad; represents one branch of Islam.
    • Sunnis: Oppose Shi'ite views, advocating for leaders chosen by communities regardless of lineage.
    • Muhammad: Prophet of Islam, born in 570; received divine revelations forming the Quran.
    • Muslim: An adherent of Islam who submits to Allah's will.
    • Caliphate: Office succeeding Muhammad's leadership to govern the Islamic community, also refers to the empire.

    Islamic Empires and Cultural Centers

    • Sasanid Empire: Established in 224 AD, centered in Ctesiphon, Mesopotamia; overthrown by Islamic armies in 651.
    • Umayyad Caliphate: First hereditary dynasty, ruled an empire from Spain to India with Damascus as its capital.
    • Abbasid Caliphate: Overthrew Umayyads; ruled from Baghdad from 750 to 1258, known for cultural and scientific advances.

    Key Places in Early Islamic History

    • Mecca: Sacred religious center for Muslims; direction of prayer.
    • Medina: City to which Muhammad emigrated in 622 to escape persecution in Mecca.
    • Quran: Sacred text of Islam, compiled from revelations to Muhammad between 610 and 632.

    European and Asian Historical Developments

    • Charlemagne: King of the Franks (742-814) who expanded the Carolingian Empire and initiated an intellectual revival despite personal illiteracy.
    • Byzantine Empire: Eastern portion of the Roman Empire; significant from the fourth century onward.
    • Feudalism: Societal structure in medieval Europe based on land, protection, and vassalage.

    Cultural and Technological Innovations

    • Movable type: Printing technology allowing individual characters; significant advancement from woodblock printing.
    • Gunpowder: Explosive substance developed in China; pivotal in military applications.

    Asian Dynasties and Philosophies

    • Tang Empire: United China and Central Asia (618-907), known for its cultural and political achievements.
    • Song Empire: Advanced in technology and commerce; distinguished between northern Liao and southern Jin control.
    • Zen: A form of Mahayana Buddhism in Japan, emphasizing meditation.
    • Neo-Confucianism: A revival and reinterpretation of Confucian thought prevalent in China from the Song era onwards.

    Mesoamerican Civilizations

    • Maya: Known for advancements in mathematics and astronomy; influential civilization concentrated in Mexico's Yucatán Peninsula and Central America.
    • Aztecs: Established a powerful empire (1325-1521) in central Mexico; relied on a tribute system to maintain their power.
    • Tenochtitlan: Capital located on Lake Texcoco; a major urban center for the Aztecs with a population around 125,000 pre-conquest.

    Andean Civilizations

    • Inca: Largest empire in the Andes, controlled the coastal region from Ecuador to Chile with its capital in Cuzco.
    • Mit'a: Labor system shared among Andean peoples, requiring work for the ruler and religious obligations.
    • Moche: Influential Andean civilization known for urban centers and irrigation systems.

    Mongol Empire and Its Legacy

    • Genghis Khan: Founder of the Mongol Empire; his conquests linked Eastern and Western Eurasia.
    • Yuan Empire: Established by Khubilai Khan; controlled parts of China and Siberia from 1271 to 1368.
    • Timur (Tamerlane): Conqueror who established the Timurids and promoted Sunni Islam's orthodox status.

    Important Terms and Concepts

    • Pilgrimage: Religious journeys undertaken by believers to sacred sites; significant in both Islam (Mecca) and Christianity.
    • Tribute system: Mechanism utilized by empires for collecting goods and labor from defeated peoples, supporting large cities and their economies.
    • Schism: Formal religious split, significant in various faiths including Christianity and Islam.

    Notable Cultural Practices

    • Footbinding: Chinese custom for enhancing beauty; popular during the Song Empire.
    • Bloodletting rituals: Ceremonial practices in Mesoamerica, indicative of religious beliefs and societal roles.

    Exploratory Ventures

    • Zheng He: Notable explorer during the Ming Dynasty who led extensive maritime expeditions in the Indian Ocean.

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    Description

    Explore key terms and concepts from the Post-Classical Era with these flashcards. Test your understanding of significant branches of Islam and the Sasanid Empire. Ideal for history enthusiasts and students alike.

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