Questions and Answers
What period did China enter after the fall of the Han Dynasty?
Post Classical China
What changes came along with the Era of Division? (Select all that apply)
What was a significant political change during the Era of Division?
Series of nomadic invasions and endless wars between regional rulers
What social change occurred during the Era of Division?
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What economic changes happened during the Era of Division?
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Who brought the Sui Dynasty to power?
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How did Wendi take power?
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How did Wendi conquer the south?
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What were Wendi's administrative actions?
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Who was Yangdi?
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What were Yangdi's key actions during his administration?
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What was the new capital built under Yangdi's administration?
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What was The Grand Canal?
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What led to Yangdi's fall?
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Who emerged as the victor after Yangdi's death?
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Who was Li Yuan's son?
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What did Li Yuan and his son accomplish?
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How did the Tang Dynasty keep the Turkish threat under control?
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What political institutions characterized the Tang Dynasty?
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Where did the Tang Dynasty move the capital?
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Which of the following were the six ministries under the Emperor in the Tang Dynasty? (Select all that apply)
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What was the function of the Bureau of Censors?
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What was the exam system under the Tang Dynasty?
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How did the exam systems affect social rank?
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What was the predominant religion under the Tang Dynasty?
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What characterizes Mahayana Buddhism?
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What is Zen Buddhism known for?
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Who was the most significant contributor to the Tang Dynasty?
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What was the ruling term of Empress Zu?
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How did Daoist monks try to counter Buddhism's popularity?
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What was the Confucian view on Buddhism?
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Which emperor persecuted Buddhists?
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What was the result of Buddhism during the Tang Dynasty?
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What characterizes society under the Tang Dynasty?
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What was the nature of marriage under the Tang Dynasty?
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What was the role of women in Tang China?
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What happened to property of deceased individuals in Tang China?
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What jobs did lower-class women have in Tang China?
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What could upper-class women achieve in Tang China?
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What were the rules regarding divorce in Tang China?
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What is a concubine?
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What laws protected women from divorce in Tang China?
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Who was Concubine Yang?
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What was the status of the arts in the Tang Dynasty?
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What characterized the economy under the Tang Dynasty?
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What part of Asia did China trade with?
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What were Chinese junks?
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What was traded on the Silk Route?
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What was exported to Persia?
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What kind of economy was present during Tang China?
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What was the money economy in Tang China?
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What were deposit shops?
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What was urbanization like during Tang?
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What were some other developments in Tang China?
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What inventions emerged during Tang China?
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What advancements in technology were seen under Tang China?
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What did the fall of the Tang begin with?
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What characterized the fall of the Tang?
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What did Xuanzong's neglect of state affairs lead to?
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What followed the fall of the Tang Dynasty?
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Who was Zhao Kuangyin?
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Study Notes
Post Classical China Overview
- Post Classical China began after the fall of the Han Dynasty, entering the Era of Division or Six Dynasties Period.
Era of Division Impacts
- Political, social, and economic changes marked this period.
- Series of nomadic invasions and regional conflicts characterized political instability.
- Social hierarchy shifted; the scholar gentry's status declined while aristocratic landowners' prominence grew.
- Economic decline featured reduced trade, lower economic output, and migration from cities to rural areas.
Rise of the Sui Dynasty
- Wendi established the Sui Dynasty by marrying his daughter into northern royalty and conquering the Chen kingdom.
- His administration focused on lowering taxes and constructing granaries.
Yangdi's Rule
- Yangdi, Wendi's son, ascended the throne after murdering his father, continuing Sui expansion and administration improvements.
- He restored the civil service exam system, enjoyed luxury, built a new capital (Loyang), and developed the Grand Canal.
The Grand Canal
- An extensive 1200-mile waterway constructed utilizing over 1 million forced laborers to connect north and south politically and economically.
Decline of the Sui Dynasty
- Yangdi faced military failures in Korea and attacks from Turkish nomads, leading to revolts and his assassination in 618.
Establishment of the Tang Dynasty
- Li Yuan, a loyal officer, triumphed after Yangdi's death, ushering in the Tang Dynasty with his son, Tang Taizong.
- The Tang expanded territorial control into present-day China, Korea, and parts of Turkestan.
Control over Turkish Threat
- Tang Dynasty neutralized Turkish threats by kidnapping rulers and marrying Turkish daughters to Chinese nobility.
Political Institutions of the Tang Dynasty
- Capital shifted to Changan; government reconstructed bureaucracy involving six ministries (War, Justice, Public Works, Rites, Personnel, Revenue).
- The Bureau of Censors monitored government officials' performance.
Exam System in the Tang Dynasty
- The government funded academies for training bureaucrats, with multiple exam levels defining social rank and government positions.
Religion and Society
- Buddhism thrived during the Tang era, with Mahayana and Zen branches gaining popularity.
- Empress Wu (690-705) was a significant contributor to the dynasty, while Confucianism attempted to counter Buddhism's influence, leading to persecution under Emperor Wuzong.
Social Structure and Gender Roles
- Society was male-dominated, with strict laws regulating marriage and the roles of women.
- Arranged marriages were common; women had options for income contributions but remained subordinate to men.
Economic Developments
- Tang Dynasty's economy expanded through a canal system and revitalization of the Silk Road.
- Chinese ships (junks) were considered the best globally; goods like silk and porcelain were traded extensively.
Innovations and Urbanization
- Advances included the wheelbarrow, improved canal construction, bridges, and gunpowder.
- Urbanization peaked with a capital population of around 2 million, making it the most urbanized area in Southeast Asia.
Decline of the Tang Dynasty
- The reign of Emperor Xuanzong marked the family’s decline due to an increased focus on luxury over governance.
- Economic distress, military weaknesses, and public discontent were significant consequences of Xuanzong's neglect.
Transition to the Song Dynasty
- After the Tang's fall, military commander Zhao Kuangyin emerged to reunite China as Emperor Taizu.
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Description
Explore the major changes and events that defined Post Classical China, starting from the fall of the Han Dynasty through the Era of Division and the rise of the Sui Dynasty. Understand the impacts on political structure, social hierarchy, and economic conditions during this transformative period. This quiz will test your knowledge on key figures and events that shaped this era.