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Post Classical China Overview
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Post Classical China Overview

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@MarvelousPascal

Questions and Answers

What period did China enter after the fall of the Han Dynasty?

Post Classical China

What changes came along with the Era of Division? (Select all that apply)

  • Cultural change
  • Economic change (correct)
  • Political change (correct)
  • Social change (correct)

    • What was a significant political change during the Era of Division?

    Series of nomadic invasions and endless wars between regional rulers

    What social change occurred during the Era of Division?

    <p>The scholar gentry's social status decreased while aristocratic landowners' status increased</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What economic changes happened during the Era of Division?

    <p>Trade declines, economic output declines, people move to the countryside</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who brought the Sui Dynasty to power?

    <p>Wendi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Wendi take power?

    <p>By arranging a marriage between his daughter and a prince from Jou in the north and then taking the throne.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Wendi conquer the south?

    <p>By marching his army to conquer the Chinese kingdom of the Chen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were Wendi's administrative actions?

    <p>Lowered taxes and built granaries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Yangdi?

    <p>Wendi's son who murdered his father to become emperor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were Yangdi's key actions during his administration?

    <p>Restored civil service exam system, favored luxury, built a new capital, built canals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the new capital built under Yangdi's administration?

    <p>Loyang</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was The Grand Canal?

    <p>1200 miles long, built with over 1 million forced laborers to connect the north and south politically and economically.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What led to Yangdi's fall?

    <p>Failed military campaigns in Korea, attacks by Turkish nomads, widespread revolts, and his assassination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who emerged as the victor after Yangdi's death?

    <p>Li Yuan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Li Yuan's son?

    <p>Tang Taizong</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Li Yuan and his son accomplish?

    <p>Led armies in successful campaigns to conquer much of current China, including Korea and parts of Turkestan.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the Tang Dynasty keep the Turkish threat under control?

    <p>By kidnapping Turkish rulers and sons and marrying off Turkish daughters to Chinese nobility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What political institutions characterized the Tang Dynasty?

    <p>Moved capital, rebuilt bureaucracy, six ministries under the Emperor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where did the Tang Dynasty move the capital?

    <p>Changan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following were the six ministries under the Emperor in the Tang Dynasty? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Ministry of Justice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the function of the Bureau of Censors?

    <p>Monitored the performance of government officials.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the exam system under the Tang Dynasty?

    <p>Educated in Confucian classics, government paid for new academies to train bureaucrats, different levels of exams were given.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the exam systems affect social rank?

    <p>Different levels of exams were given, each level passed meant a higher government position.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the predominant religion under the Tang Dynasty?

    <p>Buddhism and Buddhist orders became the most popular religion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes Mahayana Buddhism?

    <p>Popular among commoners, it offers salvation for the soul.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Zen Buddhism known for?

    <p>Stressed meditation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the most significant contributor to the Tang Dynasty?

    <p>Empress Zu</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the ruling term of Empress Zu?

    <p>690-705</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Daoist monks try to counter Buddhism's popularity?

    <p>By stressing their 'magical power.'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Confucian view on Buddhism?

    <p>Tried to counter Buddhism's popularity by convincing rulers that it was an economic threat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which emperor persecuted Buddhists?

    <p>Emperor Wuzong</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the result of Buddhism during the Tang Dynasty?

    <p>Survived but severely weakened.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes society under the Tang Dynasty?

    <p>Male dominated society promoted by Confucianism, with strict laws.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the nature of marriage under the Tang Dynasty?

    <p>Arranged marriages were common, often set at birth, with professional matchmakers involved.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the role of women in Tang China?

    <p>Subordinate to men but could contribute income to households.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happened to property of deceased individuals in Tang China?

    <p>Buddhists gave their property to monasteries when they died.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What jobs did lower-class women have in Tang China?

    <p>Sewing, clothing production, textile industry.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could upper-class women achieve in Tang China?

    <p>Could achieve power.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the rules regarding divorce in Tang China?

    <p>Permitted with both husband and wife, laws protected women from divorce.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a concubine?

    <p>A woman sex slave.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What laws protected women from divorce in Tang China?

    <p>If both parents died, husbands could not divorce; not allowed to remarry when noble.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Concubine Yang?

    <p>Mistress under the care of a nobleman who contributed to the fall of the Tang Dynasty.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the status of the arts in the Tang Dynasty?

    <p>Highly valued, especially poetry.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterized the economy under the Tang Dynasty?

    <p>Canal system promoted commercial expansion and the reopening of the Silk Route between China and Persia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What part of Asia did China trade with?

    <p>Southeast Asia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were Chinese junks?

    <p>The best ships in the world at the time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was traded on the Silk Route?

    <p>Silk and porcelain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was exported to Persia?

    <p>Porcelain, silk, and expensive paper.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of economy was present during Tang China?

    <p>Market economy, money economy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the money economy in Tang China?

    <p>Paper money printed by private merchant shops.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were deposit shops?

    <p>Used for long-distance trade, similar to a credit card.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was urbanization like during Tang?

    <p>2 million in the capital, most urban in all of Southeast Asia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were some other developments in Tang China?

    <p>Agriculture grew and advanced.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What inventions emerged during Tang China?

    <p>Wheelbarrow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What advancements in technology were seen under Tang China?

    <p>Canal construction, advanced bridge construction, explosive powder.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the fall of the Tang begin with?

    <p>Emperor Xuanzong.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterized the fall of the Tang?

    <p>Emperor less interested in government and more interested in luxury and arts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Xuanzong's neglect of state affairs lead to?

    <p>Economic distress, military weakness, public discontent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What followed the fall of the Tang Dynasty?

    <p>Rise of the Song Dynasty.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was Zhao Kuangyin?

    <p>Emperor Taizu.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Post Classical China Overview

    • Post Classical China began after the fall of the Han Dynasty, entering the Era of Division or Six Dynasties Period.

    Era of Division Impacts

    • Political, social, and economic changes marked this period.
    • Series of nomadic invasions and regional conflicts characterized political instability.
    • Social hierarchy shifted; the scholar gentry's status declined while aristocratic landowners' prominence grew.
    • Economic decline featured reduced trade, lower economic output, and migration from cities to rural areas.

    Rise of the Sui Dynasty

    • Wendi established the Sui Dynasty by marrying his daughter into northern royalty and conquering the Chen kingdom.
    • His administration focused on lowering taxes and constructing granaries.

    Yangdi's Rule

    • Yangdi, Wendi's son, ascended the throne after murdering his father, continuing Sui expansion and administration improvements.
    • He restored the civil service exam system, enjoyed luxury, built a new capital (Loyang), and developed the Grand Canal.

    The Grand Canal

    • An extensive 1200-mile waterway constructed utilizing over 1 million forced laborers to connect north and south politically and economically.

    Decline of the Sui Dynasty

    • Yangdi faced military failures in Korea and attacks from Turkish nomads, leading to revolts and his assassination in 618.

    Establishment of the Tang Dynasty

    • Li Yuan, a loyal officer, triumphed after Yangdi's death, ushering in the Tang Dynasty with his son, Tang Taizong.
    • The Tang expanded territorial control into present-day China, Korea, and parts of Turkestan.

    Control over Turkish Threat

    • Tang Dynasty neutralized Turkish threats by kidnapping rulers and marrying Turkish daughters to Chinese nobility.

    Political Institutions of the Tang Dynasty

    • Capital shifted to Changan; government reconstructed bureaucracy involving six ministries (War, Justice, Public Works, Rites, Personnel, Revenue).
    • The Bureau of Censors monitored government officials' performance.

    Exam System in the Tang Dynasty

    • The government funded academies for training bureaucrats, with multiple exam levels defining social rank and government positions.

    Religion and Society

    • Buddhism thrived during the Tang era, with Mahayana and Zen branches gaining popularity.
    • Empress Wu (690-705) was a significant contributor to the dynasty, while Confucianism attempted to counter Buddhism's influence, leading to persecution under Emperor Wuzong.

    Social Structure and Gender Roles

    • Society was male-dominated, with strict laws regulating marriage and the roles of women.
    • Arranged marriages were common; women had options for income contributions but remained subordinate to men.

    Economic Developments

    • Tang Dynasty's economy expanded through a canal system and revitalization of the Silk Road.
    • Chinese ships (junks) were considered the best globally; goods like silk and porcelain were traded extensively.

    Innovations and Urbanization

    • Advances included the wheelbarrow, improved canal construction, bridges, and gunpowder.
    • Urbanization peaked with a capital population of around 2 million, making it the most urbanized area in Southeast Asia.

    Decline of the Tang Dynasty

    • The reign of Emperor Xuanzong marked the family’s decline due to an increased focus on luxury over governance.
    • Economic distress, military weaknesses, and public discontent were significant consequences of Xuanzong's neglect.

    Transition to the Song Dynasty

    • After the Tang's fall, military commander Zhao Kuangyin emerged to reunite China as Emperor Taizu.

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    Description

    Explore the major changes and events that defined Post Classical China, starting from the fall of the Han Dynasty through the Era of Division and the rise of the Sui Dynasty. Understand the impacts on political structure, social hierarchy, and economic conditions during this transformative period. This quiz will test your knowledge on key figures and events that shaped this era.

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