Positioning and Navigation Systems Quiz

<p>GPS never fails and you can always rely on it (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To improve the accuracy of positioning data (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ultrasound (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ultra-Wide Band (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exteroceptive sensors measure external factors like distance and speed, while Proprioceptive sensors measure internal factors like joint angle and muscle activity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To combine data from multiple sensors to improve accuracy. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>GPS is accurate enough for most purposes, but it can have limitations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>GNSS systems' transmitters (satellites) are not synchronized with the user. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Time scale misalignment causes inaccurate clock synchronization, directly affecting signal arrival time and thus distance calculation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>GNSS systems utilize a network of synchronized satellites, while some other systems may use ground stations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Positioning, Velocity, and Timing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>GNSS systems are specifically designed for providing accurate timekeeping. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Russian Federation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To track the position of satellites and adjust their orbits (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The process of calculating the user's position (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A visualization of the visible satellites from a specific location (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To communicate with satellites and update their data (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trilateration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Route calculation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Accuracy level (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>More accurate position estimation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both B and C (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To provide navigation and timing information (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Navigation capabilities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>GPS is a civilian system managed by the United States. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To minimize the gradient of the error function (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The estimated distance between a receiver and a satellite, considering the clock bias (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To align the dimensions for multiplication (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The inverse matrix of (HT H) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kalman filter (B), All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To simplify the problem into a linear system that can be solved more easily (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A vector containing the noisy measurements of the ranges from satellites to the receiver (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To measure the time difference between the arrival of signals from different satellites (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The geometric distribution of the satellites (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To ensure the initial solution is close to the true solution (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The geometric strength of the satellite constellation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It represents the radius of a hypersphere containing a specific probability of the errors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because the RMSE is based on the trace of the covariance matrix, which is invariant to translations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1, indicating the strongest geometric configuration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The non-linear nature of the ranging function (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The reliability of mechanical clocks to determine time precisely. (B), The accuracy of celestial observations for navigation purposes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He discovered the moons of Jupiter, providing additional reference points for celestial navigation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To encourage the development of a practical method for determining longitude at sea. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It showed an error of only 5 seconds, a remarkable achievement for the time. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Orbital velocity of the satellite emitting the signal. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Determining the intersection of geometric loci based on the received signal parameters. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Precisely synchronized atomic clocks located on the GPS satellites. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A curve representing all possible positions of the mobile object based on a single measurement. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To translate a vehicle's position from a global reference frame to a local reference frame on a digital map. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Map-matching cannot determine the precise location of a vehicle within a lane. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The difficulty in accurately measuring time at sea. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Clocks enabled accurate timekeeping, which was crucial for determining longitude. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By comparing the positions of stars in the sky with a known map. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Longitude is directly related to the Earth's rotation, as different locations on Earth experience different times due to the rotation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To calculate longitude using celestial observations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Early navigators relied on celestial observations, while current systems use GPS satellites. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

GPS tracks the location of people and objects using satellites.

A small device that communicates with satellites, often a metal disk.

GPS signals can reach satellites approximately 20,000 km away.

GPS functions anytime, anywhere, including underground.

GPS is accurate within 2 feet (60 cm), even indoors.

A position only has meaning when tied to a reference system.

Devices like smartphones that provide location data via sensors.

Techniques used for enhancing the quality of position and navigation data.

Devices that measure motion and orientation to assist in positioning.

System that aids in providing location information through data exchange.

The process of transferring a 2D position to a local reference frame on a digital map.

A coordinate system used to define positions in relation to a specific area, like a digital map.

The challenge of determining one's position with respect to a reference frame or map.

Using the position of stars to determine time and location on Earth.

Estimating longitude by comparing observed stars' positions with a reference.

A tool used for measuring the angle between a celestial object and the horizon to determine position.

Crucial for navigation; precise time allows for accurate position determination at sea.

The Earth is not a perfect sphere, influencing navigation and position measurement.

GNSS systems require synchronization between user and satellites to ensure accurate measurements.

GNSS uses a one-way method to measure the time it takes for signals to travel from satellites to the user.

GNSS aims to provide almost global coverage for accurate positioning across the Earth.

GDOP measures the error introduced in position due to satellite geometry orientation.

NAVSTAR is the satellite system providing GPS services, managed by the U.S. Air Force.

A legislative act from 1714 aimed at solving the problem of determining longitude at sea.

An English carpenter and clockmaker who created precise marine timekeepers essential for navigation.

Harrison's fourth marine chronometer, which had an error of only 5 seconds over a long journey.

Navigation using positions of celestial bodies for determining one's position on Earth.

Determining one's location using electromagnetic signal parameters.

A geometric concept where possible locations intersect in 2D navigation.

An extension of Line of Positions concept in 3D for determining locations.

Global Navigation Satellite System: a satellite-based system providing positioning, navigation, and timing.

Russian Global Navigation Satellite System operated by the Russian Federation.

A European Union initiative for global satellite navigation, managed by ESA.

China's Global Navigation Satellite System, operated by the Chinese government.

Three key parts of GNSS: space, control, and user segments.

The constellation of satellites in GNSS that provide positioning signals.

Monitoring stations on Earth that maintain satellite data and signals.

Receivers that determine user position, velocity, and time from satellite signals.

The point in the sky directly above a user; important for satellite visibility.

The angle between the north direction and the line to a satellite, measured in degrees.

A method used by GPS systems to determine a location using distances from at least three satellites.

The concept of whether a satellite is detectable by a receiver based on its position.

The strength and clarity of the satellite signal received by a device, affecting its accuracy.

Using multiple satellite systems (e.g. GPS, GLONASS) for improved accuracy and reliability.

Core functions of GNSS receivers include identifying satellites and estimating user position.

A vector that represents the direction and rate of fastest increase of a function.

A generalized inverse used for solving linear equations, particularly when the system is not square.

A vector that includes noisy measurements of true values in positioning.

Methods for measuring distances based on different signal attributes like time or frequency.

A matrix of first-order partial derivatives that describes the local behavior of a function.

A consistent deviation from the true value in a measurement system.

A factor that quantifies the geometrical effect of satellite positioning on accuracy.

A specific DOP index that measures the impact of satellite positions on positional accuracy.

A measure of how far predicted values are from observed values, interpreted geometrically in multi-dimensions.

How error is spread across four dimensions during measurements in GNSS systems.

The effect that the distance and angle between satellites have on position accuracy.

The DOP index specifically related to the timing accuracy of satellite signals.

A measure of positional accuracy in the horizontal plane due to satellite layout.