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Questions and Answers
What is the function of crystal size in igneous rocks?
What is the function of crystal size in igneous rocks?
- It determines the color of the rock
- It is a function of mineral type
- It affects the texture of the rock
- It is a function of cooling rate (correct)
What is the name for the little crystals in the porphyritic texture?
What is the name for the little crystals in the porphyritic texture?
- Microliths
- Phenocrysts (correct)
- Minites
- Nanocrystals
What type of rock would the tuff be classified as?
What type of rock would the tuff be classified as?
- Sedimentary
- Igneous (correct)
- Metamorphic
- None of the above
What is the name for the process that leads to the formation of porphyritic texture?
What is the name for the process that leads to the formation of porphyritic texture?
What is the name for the coarse-grained rock that would have formed if it had continued to cool at a slow rate?
What is the name for the coarse-grained rock that would have formed if it had continued to cool at a slow rate?
What is the first mineral to form when the rock cools down after being heated to 2000 degrees Fahrenheit?
What is the first mineral to form when the rock cools down after being heated to 2000 degrees Fahrenheit?
What is the last mineral to solidify when the rock cools down?
What is the last mineral to solidify when the rock cools down?
What is Bowen's reaction series?
What is Bowen's reaction series?
What determines where plagioclase feldspar will melt in Bowen's reaction series?
What determines where plagioclase feldspar will melt in Bowen's reaction series?
Which factor determines whether silicate minerals are linked together or exist by themselves?
Which factor determines whether silicate minerals are linked together or exist by themselves?
What does the texture of a rock refer to?
What does the texture of a rock refer to?
What type of rock can have a vesicular texture?
What type of rock can have a vesicular texture?
What is the difference between glassy and porphyritic textures?
What is the difference between glassy and porphyritic textures?
What is the definition of a porphyry?
What is the definition of a porphyry?
What mineral is the most common in igneous rock?
What mineral is the most common in igneous rock?
What is the primary difference between the continental and oceanic plates?
What is the primary difference between the continental and oceanic plates?
What is the composition of the mafic rocks?
What is the composition of the mafic rocks?
What is the difference between felsic and mafic rocks?
What is the difference between felsic and mafic rocks?
What is the meaning of texture in geology?
What is the meaning of texture in geology?
What is the most common type of igneous rock?
What is the most common type of igneous rock?
What is the name of the coarse-grained detrital sedimentary rock?
What is the name of the coarse-grained detrital sedimentary rock?
What is the primary difference between fine-grained and coarse-grained detrital sedimentary rocks?
What is the primary difference between fine-grained and coarse-grained detrital sedimentary rocks?
What is the significance of the angularity of particles in breccia rock?
What is the significance of the angularity of particles in breccia rock?
What is Arkose?
What is Arkose?
Which type of rock contains indications of past life or fossils?
Which type of rock contains indications of past life or fossils?
What is the most common type of rock found at the surface of the Earth?
What is the most common type of rock found at the surface of the Earth?
What are the two categories of sedimentary rocks?
What are the two categories of sedimentary rocks?
What is the process that derives sediment for sedimentary rocks?
What is the process that derives sediment for sedimentary rocks?
Where might shale form?
Where might shale form?
What is the most common type of rock at the Earth's surface?
What is the most common type of rock at the Earth's surface?
Why do sedimentary rocks typically form in distinct layers?
Why do sedimentary rocks typically form in distinct layers?
What is the name of the rock that is mainly composed of olivine and a little bit of calcium-rich plagioclase?
What is the name of the rock that is mainly composed of olivine and a little bit of calcium-rich plagioclase?
What is the order in which minerals crystallize according to Bowen's reaction series?
What is the order in which minerals crystallize according to Bowen's reaction series?
What is exfoliation in the context of weathering?
What is exfoliation in the context of weathering?
What is the process by which sedimentary rocks are formed?
What is the process by which sedimentary rocks are formed?
What are the three types of sedimentary rocks mentioned in the text?
What are the three types of sedimentary rocks mentioned in the text?
What mineral is commonly found in chemical sedimentary rocks?
What mineral is commonly found in chemical sedimentary rocks?
What is the difference between limestone and travertine?
What is the difference between limestone and travertine?
What are the three agents of metamorphism?
What are the three agents of metamorphism?
What is the difference between clastic and chemical sedimentary rocks?
What is the difference between clastic and chemical sedimentary rocks?
What is foliation in metamorphic rocks?
What is foliation in metamorphic rocks?
Where are fossils primarily found?
Where are fossils primarily found?
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Study Notes
Sedimentary and Metamorphic Rocks
- Sedimentary rocks are formed from the accumulation of sediments and are classified based on the size and composition of the grains.
- Sedimentary rocks can also be classified based on their origin, such as clastic, chemical, and organic.
- Clastic sedimentary rocks are made up of fragments of pre-existing rocks, while chemical sedimentary rocks are formed from minerals that precipitate out of solution.
- Organic sedimentary rocks are made up of the remains of once-living organisms.
- Sedimentary rocks are typically laid down in layers, which record past environments and can contain fossils.
- Metamorphic rocks are formed from pre-existing rocks that have undergone changes in temperature, pressure, and mineral composition.
- Metamorphic rocks can be foliated or non-foliated, with foliation referring to the alignment of mineral grains.
- Examples of foliated metamorphic rocks include slate, phyllite, schist, and gneiss.
- Non-foliated metamorphic rocks include marble and quartzite.
- The agents of metamorphism are heat, pressure, and chemically active fluids.
- Mineral resources can be found in both sedimentary and metamorphic rocks, such as gold in the California Gold Rush.
- Fossils are primarily found in sedimentary rocks, with invertebrates being the most common due to their hard parts.
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