Population Growth and Its Causes

Population Growth

• Learning objective: By the end of the lesson, being able to determine the causes of population increase and the factors used to determine growth.

Review of Previous Lesson

• Migration
• Types of migration
• Urbanization
• Impact of urbanization (cause and effect)

New Terminology

• Doubling time
• Scarcity
• Growth rates
• Birth rate
• LEDCs and MEDCs
• Mortality rate
• Life expectancy

Video

• https://youtu.be/mRcxGJcBDVo?feature=shared

Population Growth (Detailed)

• Causes of Population Growth: What factors cause changes in population growth?
• Growth Rates: Statistical figures representing population growth.
• Effects/Challenges of Growth: Impact of population growth on people's lives.

Causes of Population Growth

• Falling Death Rate: The number of deaths in a population relative to the total number of individuals. Globally, approximately 154,080 daily deaths but with improvements of health care, food, and water, more people, both young and seniors, are living longer healthier lives.
• Global Birthrate: Number of babies born compared to the total population; approximately 215,120 babies are born every day globally. This higher birth rate compared to the daily death rate results in population growth.

Additional Contributing Factors to Population Growth (Two Examples)

• This section is needed to know what to write down from the slides

Population Growth Inquiry Questions

• Examine current world population statistics. What patterns do you notice with the numbers?
• How does population growth affect the world?
• What are three factors that likely cause population growth?
• Does Bahrain experience the effects from global population growth, and if so, how?

Growth Rates

• Factors of high birth rates and low death rates in countries such as Asia and Africa result in a short doubling time for the population (25 years or less).
• Countries with slow growth rates have a longer doubling time (e.g., more than 75 years)

Birth Rate

• The birth rate is the number of live births per 1,000 people per year. It measures the fertility rate of a population and is important for resource planning and service provision.

Mortality Rate

• The mortality rate represents the number of deaths per 1,000 people per year. Understanding this is vital to assessing population health, longevity, and the effectiveness of healthcare frameworks.

Life Expectancy

• Life expectancy gauges the average age people live to; factors including lifestyle, region, environmental conditions, and healthcare are important considerations.

You Do: Tasks

• Create a poster, advertisement, or presentation to explain population growth, its causes and effects, and possible solutions.

Lesson 2: Population Growth-Pyramids

Previous Lesson Review

• Population growth
• Causes of Population Growth
• Factors / indicators of population growth

Population Pyramid

• Visual representation of a population's age and gender distribution, offering insight into demographic trends.
• Categorized into three main shapes: expansive, constrictive, and stationary. Each shape offers unique insights on growth and age structure.

Two Types of Countries in Pyramids

• More Economically Developed Countries (MEDCs): North- America, Europe, Australia, New Zealand
• Less Economically Developed Countries (LEDCs): South- India, China, Mexico, Brazil; African Countries

You Do: Task

• Describe the similarities and differences between MEDCs and LEDCs.

Stages of Population Pyramids

• Stage 1: Expansive, high birth rates, high death rates, short life expectancy
• Stage 2: Expansive, high birth rate, falling death rate, slightly longer life expectancy
• Stage 3: Stationary, declining birth rate, low death rate, long life expectancy
• Stage 4: Contractive, very low birth rate, low death rate, longer life expectancy

Population Pyramids for Wealthy Countries

• Low infant mortality
• Long life expectancy, especially for females
• Little or no growth, potentially a natural decrease

Population Pyramids for Poor Countries

• High infant mortality
• Short life expectancy
• Rapid population growth

Dependency Ratio

• Total Dependency Ratio: Includes both young and old dependents.
• Youth Dependency Ratio: Focuses on the number of young dependents (0-14) compared to working-age people.
• Old-Age Dependency Ratio: Focuses on the number of elderly dependents (65+) compared to working-age people.
• Importance:
  • Economic burden: High ratios mean more people need support, which strains the economy.
  • Social services: High ratios affect the demand for services like education and healthcare.
  • Labor force: A decreasing working-age population leads to labor shortages.

Calculating the Dependency Ratio (Formula)

(Not for testing, but for reference.)

• Dependency ratio = [Age group (0-14) + Age group (65+) ] x 100 / Age group (15-64)
• Young-age dependency ratio = [Age group (0-14)] x 100 / [Age group (15-64)]
• Old-age dependency ratio = [Age group (65+)] x 100 / [Age group (15-64)]

Part 2 - Analyzing Population Pyramids

• Learning objective: Interpreting population pyramid shapes, linking shapes to demographic trends, such as high birth rates, low death rates, and aging populations.

Previous Lesson Review

• Population pyramids: Definition
• Usage of population pyramids
• Stages of the population pyramid

Population Pyramids and the Demographic Transition Model

• Cohort: A five-year age group
• Expansive population pyramid: High birth rate and rapidly decreasing death rate
• Stationary population pyramid: Low birth and death rates
• Demographic Transition Model: Graph outlining a country's natural increase (birth and death rates), providing insights into population changes due to economic development.

Population Pyramid Usage in Life

• Case studies of different countries.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RLmKfXwWQtE

Population Pyramids

• Age groups divided into 3 categories: Young dependents (0-14), Working population (15-64), Elderly dependents (65+)
• Determine current reproductive status, expected future, and patterns of birth, deaths, or migration.
• Numbers or percentages show population distributions.

Explanation of Population Pyramid Structures

• Expansive structures: Wide bases (high birth rates) and narrowing tops (high death rates).
• Stationary structures: Relatively straight sides (low birth and death rates).