Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary advantage of genetic engineering over conventional breeding?
What is the primary advantage of genetic engineering over conventional breeding?
- It enables the direct transfer of one or a few genes. (correct)
- It allows the transfer of many genes at once.
- It provides a guarantee of specific gene combinations.
- It can only be used with closely related species.
Which of the following describes a genetically modified organism (GMO)?
Which of the following describes a genetically modified organism (GMO)?
- A product created using traditional breeding methods.
- An organism altered by environmental factors.
- A species that has undergone natural selection.
- An organism developed through genetic engineering. (correct)
What is a drawback of conventional breeding methods?
What is a drawback of conventional breeding methods?
- They produce organisms with desirable traits.
- They can take a long time to achieve desired results. (correct)
- They prevent the introduction of undesirable genes.
- They allow the transfer of only specific genes.
Which country had the highest percentage of genetically modified crop area in 2002?
Which country had the highest percentage of genetically modified crop area in 2002?
How does genetic engineering affect the time required for crop improvement?
How does genetic engineering affect the time required for crop improvement?
What percentage should Philippine rice production increase to meet population demands?
What percentage should Philippine rice production increase to meet population demands?
Which of the following is NOT a technique used in biotechnology?
Which of the following is NOT a technique used in biotechnology?
What is one benefit of food biotechnology?
What is one benefit of food biotechnology?
Which factor does NOT limit agricultural resources?
Which factor does NOT limit agricultural resources?
Which biotechnology application is used to improve plant resistance against diseases?
Which biotechnology application is used to improve plant resistance against diseases?
What is a primary objective of animal biotechnology?
What is a primary objective of animal biotechnology?
Which biotechnology technique is utilized to address disease diagnostics?
Which biotechnology technique is utilized to address disease diagnostics?
What is a consequence of the increasing global population on agriculture?
What is a consequence of the increasing global population on agriculture?
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Study Notes
Population Growth
- World population is expected to rise from 6.05 billion to 7.5 billion
- Philippines population is expected to rise from 82 million to 122 million
Food Production
- World cereal production should increase by 50%
- Philippine rice production needs to increase by 40% from 12 million tons to 18 million tons
Agricultural Resources
- Agricultural resources are limited due to deforestation, overgrazing, and land conversion
Biotechnology
- Biotechnology is a technique that uses living organisms to develop new products and improve existing ones
- It can be used to improve plants, animals, and microorganisms for specific applications
Examples of Biotechnology
- Plant biotechnology:
- Genetically engineered (GE) plants for pest resistance, disease resistance, and increased yield
- Plant protoplast fusion
- Plant tissue culture
- Biofertilizers
- Animal biotechnology:
- GE animals for disease resistance and increased milk production
- Animal vaccines
- Embryo transfer
- Microorganism biotechnology:
- GE microorganisms for biocontrol agents against pests and diseases
- Recombinant DNA for disease diagnostics
- Monoclonal antibody production
- Fermentation
Benefits of Biotechnology
- Human health:
- Insulin for diabetes
- Interferon for cancer treatment
- Hepatitis B vaccine
- Environmental protection:
- Bioremediation: using living organisms to clean the environment
- Food production:
- Improved food quality and processing
- Better-tasting and more nutritious foods
- Cleaner food
Genetic Engineering
- Technique that transfers genes of interest to develop and improve organisms
- Allows for the direct transfer of genes between organisms, even those distantly related
- Compared to conventional breeding, genetic engineering offers a faster way to achieve desired results
Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)
- Products developed through genetic engineering
- 2001 and 2002 global area of GMO cultivation (in millions of hectares):
- USA: 35.7 million (68%) and 39 million (66%)
- Argentina: 11.8 million (22%) and 13.5 million (23%)
- Canada: 3.2 million (6%) and 3.5 million (6%)
- China: 1.5 million (3%) and 2.1 million (4%)
- South Africa: 0.2 million
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