community Ecology Quiz

False

The three methods used to estimate population size are direct counts, mark-recapture, and indirect methods. Direct counts involve counting every individual in a population, while mark-recapture involves marking a subset of individuals and then recapturing them later to estimate the total population size. Indirect methods involve extrapolating population size based on other factors, such as habitat size or food availability.

Ecology is the study of interactions between species and their environment. Its main focus is to understand how different species interact with each other and their surroundings.

<p>The study of interactions between species and their environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The study of interactions between species and their environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The three methods used to estimate population size are direct counts, mark-recapture, and indirect methods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Direct counts, mark-recapture, and aerial surveys</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Direct counts, indirect methods, and mark-recapture</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Random, uniform, and clumped</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dispersed</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The three population distribution patterns are clumped, uniform, and random. Clumped patterns can result from social behavior or patchy resource availability, uniform patterns can result from competition for limited resources, and random patterns can result from unpredictable environmental factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The three population distribution patterns are clumped, uniform, and random.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A group of populations of different species living close enough in an environment for potential interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A population of different species living close enough in an environment for potential interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An ecological community is an assemblage of populations of different species living close enough in an environment for potential interactions. The potential interactions can be intraspecific (within a species) or interspecific (between several species) and can be neutral, positive or negative.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Survival rates, reproduction rates, and age, size, and sex</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intraspecific and interspecific</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intraspecific and interspecific</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Survival rates, reproduction rates, and age</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vital statistics of a population include survival rates and reproduction rates. These statistics can be affected by age, size, and sex because different individuals may have different abilities to survive or reproduce based on these factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Predation and competition are major negative interactions in communities. Predation has effects and implications on population size, behavior, physiology, and evolution. Competition results in negative effects on both species and can lead to resource partitioning or character displacement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The vital statistics of a population are affected by age, size, and sex.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The exponential growth model is a model of population growth that assumes a constant rate of increase over time. Its limitations include the fact that it ignores immigration and emigration, as well as density-dependent factors that can limit population growth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A model that ignores immigration and emigration</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The exponential growth model is a model that assumes constant growth rate and ignores immigration/emigration. It is represented by a J-shaped curve.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Predation and competition</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parasitism is a negative effect on one species to the benefit of another, but does not result in death. Parasites feed on the host organism, often causing harm and reducing its fitness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A model that ignores immigration/emigration and has a J-shaped curve</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Predation and competition</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Density-independent factors affect population growth in unlimited environments and include drought.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Drought</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Density-independent factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Examples of density-independent factors include natural disasters, weather events, and human activities that can impact a population regardless of its size.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Effects and implications on population size, behavior, physiology, and evolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Resource partitioning is the process by which species divide a niche to avoid competition for resources. This can lead to neutralism as species evolve to use different resources, reducing competition and promoting coexistence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Negative effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Size vs number of offspring</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Character displacement is the process by which species evolve to have different traits in response to competition. This can lead to the evolution of distinct morphological, behavioral, or physiological traits that reduce competition and promote coexistence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maximum size, lifespan, and number of offspring per female</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The logistic growth model incorporates factors that can limit population growth, such as competition for resources and limited carrying capacity. It produces an S-shaped curve, while the exponential growth model produces a J-shaped curve.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A negative effect on one species to the benefit of another, but does not result in death</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Competition for resources, disease, predation, and territoriality are density-dependent factors that slow population growth. They are exemplified by logistic growth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A negative effect on one species to the benefit of another, but does not result in death</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Infant mortality rate, longer lifespans, and disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Human population growth occurs due to factors such as infant mortality rate, longer lifespans, and disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ecological niche is all the environmental conditions and resources that allow the persistence and growth of the species. It is important for species persistence because it defines the environmental conditions that a species needs to survive and reproduce.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Factors that affect human population growth include infant mortality rate, longer lifespans, and disease. Population density can be controlled through measures such as social distancing and family planning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A model that incorporates density-dependent factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A negative effect on both species</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Results in negative effects on both species and can lead to resource partitioning or character displacement</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All the environmental conditions and resources that allow the persistence and growth of the species</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All the environmental conditions and resources that allow the persistence and growth of the species</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Life history traits such as maximum size, lifespan, and reproduction rates can affect population size, and trade-offs between these traits can also impact population growth. Different ecological niches can favor different life histories, leading to differences in population size and structure among different species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A measure of resource requirement per person</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Interactions between species can affect species richness by promoting or inhibiting the coexistence of multiple species in a community. Positive interactions, such as mutualism, can promote coexistence and increase species richness, while negative interactions, such as competition or predation, can inhibit coexistence and decrease species richness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A measure of resource requirement per person</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ecological footprint measures the resource requirement per person. It is used to determine the impact of human activities on the environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers