Population Ecology: Density & Dispersion

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Questions and Answers

A population of deer experiences a significant increase in deaths due to a contagious viral disease. How would this factor be categorized?

  • Emigration factor
  • Density-independent factor
  • Dispersion factor
  • Density-dependent factor (correct)

Following a volcanic eruption that devastates a local ecosystem, which of the following population characteristics is MOST directly affected initially?

  • Age structure
  • Density
  • Dispersion
  • Size (correct)

A population of nesting birds maintains a relatively even distance between individual nests. What dispersion pattern is MOST likely observed in this population?

  • Uniform (correct)
  • Aggregated
  • Random
  • Clumped

A group of bison migrates to a new grazing area due to limited resources in their previous habitat. How does this movement MOST directly influence their original population's characteristics?

<p>Decreases the population size (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A scientist observes that the death rate of a plant population increases significantly as the population density increases. This is MOST likely due to increased what?

<p>Competition for resources (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Density-dependent Factors

Factors where the effect on a population varies based on the population's density. Examples: Predation, famine, disease.

Density-independent Factors

Factors that affect a population regardless of its density. Examples: Volcanoes, forest fires, floods, earthquakes.

Population Size

The total number of individuals within a defined population.

Population Density

The number of individuals per unit area or volume.

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Population Dispersion

The pattern of spacing of individuals within a population's habitat.

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Study Notes

  • Population size is limited by births, deaths, immigration, and emigration.
  • Population density is the number of individuals per unit area or volume.
  • Sampling techniques are used to estimate population sizes due to the difficulty of counting every organism.
  • Population dispersion describes how individuals are spaced within their habitat.

Density-Dependent Factors

  • Predation influences population size based on density.
  • Famine affects populations depending on their density.
  • Diseases spread more easily in dense populations.
  • Accumulation of wastes or toxins is density-dependent.

Density-Independent Factors

  • Volcanoes impact populations regardless of density.
  • Forest fires affect populations irrespective of density.
  • Floods are independent of population density.
  • Earthquakes influence populations regardless of density.

Dispersion Patterns

  • Clumped dispersion is the most common pattern.
  • Example: Fish travel in groups for safety.
  • Random spacing occurs without attractions or repulsions.
  • Example: Trees in a forest may be randomly spaced.

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