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Questions and Answers
What characterizes equitable and inclusive governance?
Which of the following describes an aspect of poor governance?
What defines a 'de facto' government?
Which of the following is NOT a type of autocracy?
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Which type of government relies on a small group or family controlling power?
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Which form of government is characterized by a leader having total power?
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What can be a result of widespread corruption in governance?
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Which of the following is an example of government by occupation?
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Which country is an example of a theocratic oligarchy?
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What distinguishes a parliamentary system from a presidential system?
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In what type of democracy do the people vote directly on every issue?
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What is a plebiscite?
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Which system of government allows for power to be centralized?
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What is the primary feature of a federal government?
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Who is credited with coining the term 'ideology'?
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What is the role of political ideology in a person's life?
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Study Notes
Equitable and Inclusive Governance
- Inclusion of all individuals in decision-making processes.
- Needs are distributed proportionately among the population.
Rule of Law
- Impartial implementation of laws similar to responsibilities highlighted in governance.
Characteristics of Poor Governance
- Arbitrary Policy Making: Abuse of authority leads to inconsistent policies.
- Unaccountable Bureaucracies: Lack of responsibility in government operations creates inefficiencies.
- Unjust Legal Systems: Laws are either poorly enforced or not respected.
- Abuse of Executive Power: Overreach of presidential authority undermines democratic processes.
- Civil Society Engagement: Low interest in public participation can weaken governance.
- Widespread Corruption: Disparities in justice and power distribution provide fertile ground for corruption.
Types of Government Based on Legitimacy
- De Jure Government: Legitimacy granted by constitutional mandate.
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De Facto Government: Lacks legitimacy and is established through revolutionary means (e.g., Cory Aquino’s revolution against Ferdinand Marcos).
- Government by Secession: Separation from the central government (e.g., Caliphate of Mindanao).
- Government by Occupation: Establishing a puppet state through foreign control (e.g., Japanese occupation of the Philippine Commonwealth).
Acts of Government
- Legal actions carried out by the government as a state agency under the "Act of State Doctrine" cannot be questioned legally.
Types of Government
- Anarchy: Absence of governmental authority and laws.
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Autocracy: Centralized power held by one individual.
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Types of Autocracy:
- Autocratic-Dictatorship: Total power by a single leader (e.g., Kim Jong-un).
- Autocratic Absolute Monarchy: Monarch with complete authority (e.g., Louis XIV).
- Constitutional Monarchy: Monarch’s powers limited by law and shared with elected officials (e.g., British Royal Family).
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Types of Autocracy:
Oligarchy
- Control by a small group or family based on military, wealth, or social status.
- Examples include the United States, China, Russia, Saudi Arabia, and Iran.
- Theocratic Oligarchy: Governed by religious leaders (e.g., Vatican City, Afghanistan, Iran).
Democracy
- Government system where power resides with the people.
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Types of Democracy:
- Direct Democracy: Citizens vote directly on issues.
- Representative Democracy: Citizens elect representatives to make decisions (e.g., USA, Philippines).
Methods of Representative Governance
- Parliamentary System: Citizens choose the legislative branch; Prime Minister is elected by the legislature.
- Presidential System: Citizens elect the president alongside legislative representatives.
Key Processes in Democratic Systems
- Plebiscite: Yes or no vote on significant issues.
- Recall: Voter-driven removal of a local official.
- Referendum: Direct question posed to the population for decision-making.
Governmental Systems
- Unitary Government: Centralized control without power sharing among regions.
- Federal Government: Shared power between a strong central government and local jurisdictions.
1991 Local Government Law
- Delegates centralized or devolved powers to local government units for better governance.
Political Ideologies
- Concept developed by Antoine Destutt de Tracy during the French Revolution, influencing governance and societal structures.
- Political ideologies are shaped by state indoctrination and personal experiences, establishing beliefs about government roles.
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Description
This quiz focuses on key aspects of poor governance, including arbitrary policy making, unaccountable bureaucracies, and the abuse of executive power. It aims to assess your understanding of equitable practices and the rule of law in governance. Explore these concepts to better grasp the implications of poor governance on society.
