2-L2+
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Questions and Answers

What type of bonds link monosaccharide units in polysaccharides?

  • Hydrogen bonds
  • Glycosidic bonds (correct)
  • Peptide bonds
  • Disulfide bonds

    • What is the main difference between the glucose units in glycogen and starch?

  • The number of glucose units
  • The function of glucose units
  • The type of glycosidic linkages (correct)
  • The location of glucose units

    • What is the function of cellulose in plants?

  • Energy storage
  • Protein synthesis
  • Cell signaling
  • Structural role (correct)

    • Why can't cellulose be digested in the human gastrointestinal tract?

    <p>The human GI tract does not produce enzymes to hydrolyze β-1,4 linkages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component of dietary fiber that is important for normal gastrointestinal function?

    <p>Cellulose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of glycosidic linkages in cellulose?

    <p>β-1,4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal concentration of lactate in plasma?

    <p>Less than 1mM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of lactate concentration exceeding 5mM in plasma?

    <p>Lactic acidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of lactase in the body?

    <p>To break down lactose into glucose and galactose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of lactose intolerance on galactose metabolism?

    <p>Decreased galactose metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the enzyme responsible for phosphorylating galactose in the first step of galactose metabolism?

    <p>Galactokinase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the overall reaction of galactose metabolism in the liver?

    <p>Galactose + ATP → Glucose 6-phosphate + ADP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme catalyses Step 1 of glycolysis in the liver?

    <p>Glucokinase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the product of the reaction catalysed by Pyruvate kinase in Step 10 of glycolysis?

    <p>ATP and Pyruvate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what conditions does anaerobic glycolysis occur?

    <p>When oxygen supply is inadequate or in cells without mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) in anaerobic glycolysis?

    <p>To increase NAD+ concentrations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ultimate fate of Lactate produced in anaerobic glycolysis?

    <p>It is converted back to Pyruvate and oxidized to CO2 in the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the net ATP yield of anaerobic glycolysis?

    <p>2 ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the empirical formula of carbohydrates?

    <p>(CH₂O)n</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of carbohydrates have 6 carbon atoms?

    <p>Hexoses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of monosaccharides?

    <p>They are partially oxidized</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between aldoses and ketoses?

    <p>Aldoses are derived from glyceraldehyde, ketoses are not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do monosaccharides not readily cross cell membranes?

    <p>Because they are hydrophilic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of polysaccharides?

    <p>They are complex carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary hexose found in blood?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of excessive galactose and fructose in the blood?

    <p>Clinical problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond is formed during the condensation of two monosaccharides?

    <p>O-glycosidic bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of high glucose levels in the blood?

    <p>Untreated diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a disaccharide formed from glucose and galactose?

    <p>Lactose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is produced during the digestion of dietary starch?

    <p>Maltose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can disaccharides be if the aldehyde or ketone groups of the two sugars are both involved in forming the glycosidic bond?

    <p>Non-reducing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formation of disaccharides characterized by?

    <p>Condensation reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between sucrose and lactose?

    <p>Sucrose is formed from glucose and fructose, lactose is formed from glucose and galactose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common characteristic of disaccharides?

    <p>They are all formed by the condensation of two monosaccharides</p> Signup and view all the answers

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