Polypharmacy and Falls in the Elderly
80 Questions
1 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is a significant risk factor for falls in older people?

  • Neurological system
  • Musculoskeletal system
  • Gait disorders (correct)
  • Sensory systems

    • When evaluating an older person for a gait disorder, what should be included in the history?

  • Questions on respiratory problems only
  • Questions on neurological, orthopedic, and medical symptoms or prior history (correct)
  • Questions on prior history of diabetes only
  • Questions on vision and hearing only

    • What should be documented when inquiring about the nature of the problems with walking?

  • Maximum walking distance (correct)
  • Maximum sitting distance
  • Maximum standing distance
  • Maximum running distance

    • Who may be able to provide a collateral history regarding falls or walking difficulties?

    <p>Caregivers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system is responsible for interpreting the information received and selecting the motor programs required for walking?

    <p>Basal ganglia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average preferred walking speed in healthy adults up to the age of 59 years?

    <p>1.4 m/s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain has a central role in generating automatic walking, particularly in primates?

    <p>Midbrain locomotor center</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the gait cycle does the swing phase take up?

    <p>40%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test in the context of a gait disorder?

    <p>To measure the time it takes for the patient to stand up, walk a short distance, turn around, walk back, and sit down</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurological signs were observed in Joan's case suggestive of Parkinson’s disease?

    <p>Resting tremor, bradykinesia, and rigidity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common pharmacologic role in managing gait disorders in older individuals?

    <p>Deprescribing to reduce the risk of falls in older individuals with gait disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which level of gait disorder is associated with movement disorders like Parkinson’s disease?

    <p>Middle level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a sensitive marker of general health and survival in older adults?

    <p>Walking speed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common non-neurological cause of gait disorders?

    <p>Hip and knee osteoarthritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What correlates more closely with the future emergence of dementia in elderly non-demented persons?

    <p>Gait disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which activity is a common indicator of overall health status in elderly persons?

    <p>Walking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of cognition in gait, as discussed in the text?

    <p>Cognition plays a role in circumnavigating obstacles and choosing the optimal route</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does anxiety influence gait, as per the text?

    <p>Anxiety results in an overly cautious gait</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the timed up and go (TUG) test, as described in the text?

    <p>To evaluate the risk of falling in geriatric patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to observe the entire patient while walking, as emphasized in the text?

    <p>To identify any orthopaedic abnormalities that may affect gait</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of gait analysis in the evaluation of a patient?

    <p>To provide an overview of how the structures involved in walking are functioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes medium-level gait disorders from low-level gait disorders?

    <p>Medium-level gait disorders have focal neurological symptoms and signs, while low-level gait disorders are due to peripheral musculoskeletal problems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of gait and balance performance testing, what are the characteristics of high-level gait disorders (HLGD)?

    <p>High-level gait disorders present as slow gait with shorter strides and hypokinetic-rigid signs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be included in the assessment for Parkinson's disease according to the text?

    <p>A thorough medical and social history focused on gait and falls, in addition to an ophthalmological examination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be documented when evaluating the clinical examination of gait?

    <p>Posture, gait initiation, and walking speed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the risk factors for falls in older people according to the text?

    <p>Limited physical activity, difficulties rising from a sitting position, and impaired postural reflexes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of falls in elderly persons according to the text?

    <p>Pre-existing difficulties with walking and balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is included in the general measures to prevent falls and fall-related injuries according to the text?

    <p>Checking entire list of medication, muscle training, and removing risks at home</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common neurological cause of gait disorders according to the Bruneck study?

    <p>Sensory ataxia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the change in preferred walking speed per year in apparently healthy elderly subjects?

    <p>0.5 m/s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What changes occur in the strategies for standing and walking when there is a threat to balance in healthy individuals?

    <p>Posture becomes stooped</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Bruneck study, what percentage of elderly people living in the community had a gait disorder between the ages of 60 and 69 years?

    <p>10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common reason for non-neurological gait disorders in adults?

    <p>Osteoarthritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is an antalgic gait characterized?

    <p>Avoidance of weight-bearing and fixed ankle position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of carrying walking aids, such as crutches, on the unaffected side in patients with gait disturbances?

    <p>To shift weight away from the affected side to the upper extremity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a typical cause of coxalgic gait?

    <p>Hip pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do patients with antalgic gait lift and lower their foot?

    <p>In a fixed ankle position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do patients with antalgic gait appear to be walking as if?

    <p>Having a thorn in the sole of the foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do patients with antalgic gait put weight on the affected leg for as short a time as possible?

    <p>To avoid pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of patients with coxalgic gait?

    <p>Use of crutches on the affected side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of inquiring about the nature of the problems with walking when evaluating an older person for a gait disorder?

    <p>To identify any underlying conditions and narrow the differential diagnosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important aspect of the history that must be included when evaluating an older person for a gait disorder?

    <p>Documentation of any neurological, orthopedic, and medical symptoms or prior history</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does caregivers play in the evaluation of gait disorders in older people?

    <p>Providing a collateral history regarding falls or walking difficulties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical consideration when evaluating gait disorders in older people?

    <p>The maximum distance the patient can walk without resting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be included in the assessment of an older person for a gait disorder according to the text?

    <p>Documenting the maximum walking distance and number of rests needed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a medication review in the evaluation of patients?

    <p>To identify the side effects of sedating or blood pressure lowering drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In gait analysis, what parameters should be clinically examined?

    <p>Step length, stride length, rhythm, and posture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing feature of medium-level gait disorders?

    <p>Reduced arm-swing and clock-face turning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of high-level gait disorders (HLGD) caused by cerebrovascular disease?

    <p>Shorter strides and poor balance leading to falls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be included in the assessment for Parkinson's disease according to the text?

    <p>A thorough medical and social history with a focus on gait and falls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between walking speed and individual life expectancy in elderly persons, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Faster walking speed in elderly persons is associated with a longer life expectancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prevalence of gait and balance disorders in those over 80 years, according to the text?

    <p>More than 60%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a slow gait in elderly non-demented persons correlate more closely with, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>The future emergence of dementia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of severe injuries in the elderly, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Falls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of cognition in walking, as discussed in the text?

    <p>Intact cognition and executive control are required for safe walking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of cognitive control in walking, as discussed in the text?

    <p>Circumnavigating obstacles and choosing the optimal route</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which psychological factor is associated with slower gait, as indicated in the text?

    <p>Depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What strategy do healthy individuals adopt when there is a risk of falling, as per the text?

    <p>Maintaining balance over other tasks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What test is used to evaluate the risk of falling in geriatric patients, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Timed Up and Go (TUG) test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of gait pattern is lost in patients with Parkinson’s disease, according to the text?

    <p>Posture first strategy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate percentage of the gait cycle that the swing phase takes up?

    <p>40%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average preferred walking speed in healthy adults up to the age of 59 years?

    <p>1.4 m/s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the midbrain locomotor center in the context of walking?

    <p>Generating automatic walking in primates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which measure of gait refers to the linear distance covered by one gait cycle?

    <p>Stride length</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important measure of gait that represents the number of steps per unit of time?

    <p>Cadence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of carrying walking aids, such as crutches, on the unaffected side in patients with gait disturbances?

    <p>To alleviate pressure on the affected side and provide better support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does anxiety influence gait, as per the text?

    <p>It causes alterations in posture, muscle tone, and movement patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes medium-level gait disorders from low-level gait disorders?

    <p>The involvement of movement disorders like Parkinson's disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What system is responsible for interpreting the information received and selecting the motor programs required for walking?

    <p>Nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a sensitive marker of general health and survival in older adults?

    <p>Grip strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be considered when evaluating an older person for a gait disorder, based on the text?

    <p>The patient's medication and detailed questioning about any falls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a typical cause of coxalgic gait according to the text?

    <p>Hip arthritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of elderly persons fall every year according to the text?

    <p>Approximately 30 %</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a sensitive marker of general health and survival in older adults according to the text?

    <p>Age-related changes in preferred walking speed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the examination of gait in older people include, as discussed in the text?

    <p>Tandem gait, standing and walking on heels, and hopping on one foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between polypharmacy and falls in the elderly, as per the newer studies?

    <p>Polypharmacy poses a risk if it includes medications that increase the risk for falls.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do healthy individuals exhibit changes in their standing and walking strategies when faced with a threat to balance?

    <p>To adopt protective gait strategies and compensate for the threat to balance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of the decline in walking speed in apparently healthy elderly subjects?

    <p>A decrease in step length rather than a change in cadence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Bruneck study indicate about the prevalence of gait disorders among the elderly?

    <p>There is a considerable overlap of patients affected by neurological as well as by non-neurological gait disorders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by the decline in individual walking speed in elderly subjects?

    <p>A decrease in muscle power and more reliance on distal proprioception with age.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    More Like This

    Polypharmacy in Elderly Patients
    36 questions

    Polypharmacy in Elderly Patients

    IndebtedJadeite avatar
    IndebtedJadeite
    Elderly Medication Principles (年長用藥)
    10 questions

    Elderly Medication Principles (年長用藥)

    FervidZirconium avatar
    FervidZirconium
    Medication and Elderly: Polypharmacy Concerns
    18 questions

    Medication and Elderly: Polypharmacy Concerns

    EnviablePluto avatar
    EnviablePluto
    Geriatric Care Assessment Quiz
    20 questions

    Geriatric Care Assessment Quiz

    RevolutionaryDulcimer avatar
    RevolutionaryDulcimer
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser