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Questions and Answers
What is the significance of having two functional groups in a monomer?
What is the significance of having two functional groups in a monomer?
Which of the following monomers is classified as bifunctional?
Which of the following monomers is classified as bifunctional?
When a trifunctional monomer is combined with a bifunctional monomer, what type of polymer is formed?
When a trifunctional monomer is combined with a bifunctional monomer, what type of polymer is formed?
Which of the following statements about the functionality of monomers is true?
Which of the following statements about the functionality of monomers is true?
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What would you expect if only bifunctional monomers are used in polymerization?
What would you expect if only bifunctional monomers are used in polymerization?
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What is a polymer primarily composed of?
What is a polymer primarily composed of?
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What does the degree of polymerization (DP) indicate?
What does the degree of polymerization (DP) indicate?
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Which statement correctly describes the relationship between chain length and mobility of molecules in polymers?
Which statement correctly describes the relationship between chain length and mobility of molecules in polymers?
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What minimum requirement must a molecule meet to behave as a monomer?
What minimum requirement must a molecule meet to behave as a monomer?
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What is the primary feature of vinyl monomers?
What is the primary feature of vinyl monomers?
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What happens to the properties of paraffin as its molecular chain length increases?
What happens to the properties of paraffin as its molecular chain length increases?
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Which of the following substances is least likely to act as a monomer?
Which of the following substances is least likely to act as a monomer?
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What is the effect of increasing the degree of polymerization in polyethylene?
What is the effect of increasing the degree of polymerization in polyethylene?
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Study Notes
Polymers: Lecture 1 - Unit 3a
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Polymer Definition: A polymer is a long molecule formed by joining thousands of small molecules (monomers) chemically. Its large size makes it a macromolecule.
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Polymerization: The chemical process that creates polymers from monomers.
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Monomers: Small molecules that combine to form larger polymer molecules.
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Example: n(CH2=CH2) → (CH2-CH2)n (ethene → polyethylene)
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Degree of Polymerization (DP): The number of repeat units (monomers) in a polymer chain. Different polymers have varying DP values. For example, cellulose has a DP of 250, and vinyl polymers have a DP of 400.
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Polymer Properties: The long-chain structure of polymers gives them unique properties.
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Ethane (CH3-CH3): A gas at room temperature; its small size allows it to move freely.
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Butane (CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3): A liquid, with a longer chain length than ethane, butane molecules have lower mobility and interact more frequently.
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Paraffin (CH3(CH2CH2)10CH3): A waxy substance; the entanglement of long polymer molecules significantly affects its physical properties.
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Polyethylene (CH3(CH2CH2)2000CH3): A strong, brittle solid; the extremely long chains become entangled.
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Functionality: The number of reactive sites on a monomer molecule used for bonding. A monomer must have at least two functional groups to form a polymer.
- Example Functional Groups: Double bonds, triple bonds, −NH2, −OH, −COOH, −SH.
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Vinyl Monomer (CH2=CHX): A bifunctional monomer; the double bond is a reactive site, breaking to form two single bonds and two reactive sites.
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Side Groups/Functional Groups: The side groups attached to the basic polymer chain affect the polymer's properties.
Monomer Functionality and Polymer Types
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Bifunctional Monomers: Lead to linear polymers (e.g., ethylene glycol, vinyl monomers, adipic acid).
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Trifunctional Monomers: Form three-dimensional network polymers (e.g., phenol, melamine).
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Mixed Functionality: Combining bifunctional and trifunctional monomers creates branched polymers.
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of polymers, including their definition, polymerization process, and monomer composition. Explore the degree of polymerization and the properties that make polymers unique. Test your understanding of these key aspects in the context of Unit 3a.
