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Questions and Answers
What is the meaning of the prefix 'poly' in the word polymer?
What is the meaning of the prefix 'poly' in the word polymer?
- Many (correct)
- Single
- One
- Few
What does the term 'mer' refer to in polymer chemistry?
What does the term 'mer' refer to in polymer chemistry?
- Units (correct)
- Chain
- Compound
- Bond
What results from the collision of two growing polymer chains during polymerization?
What results from the collision of two growing polymer chains during polymerization?
- Formation of new initiators
- Increase in polymer chain length
- Termination of the chains (correct)
- Evaporation of monomers
Which of the following processes is associated with addition polymerization?
Which of the following processes is associated with addition polymerization?
Which type of polymerization involves cationic or anionic unstable intermediates?
Which type of polymerization involves cationic or anionic unstable intermediates?
What was a significant contribution of Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta to polymer science?
What was a significant contribution of Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta to polymer science?
In free radical polymerization, what initiates the process?
In free radical polymerization, what initiates the process?
What is the role of catalysts in polymerization?
What is the role of catalysts in polymerization?
How do isotactic polymers differ from syndiotactic polymers?
How do isotactic polymers differ from syndiotactic polymers?
Which type of polymerization does NOT involve the liberation of small molecules?
Which type of polymerization does NOT involve the liberation of small molecules?
What is the primary outcome of using Ziegler-Natta catalysts in polymerization?
What is the primary outcome of using Ziegler-Natta catalysts in polymerization?
What characterizes atactic polymers?
What characterizes atactic polymers?
What is the PRIMARY characteristic of the polymers produced by addition polymerization?
What is the PRIMARY characteristic of the polymers produced by addition polymerization?
Which compounds are involved in the coordination polymerization process as observed by Ziegler and Natta?
Which compounds are involved in the coordination polymerization process as observed by Ziegler and Natta?
Which of the following statements is true about co-polymerization?
Which of the following statements is true about co-polymerization?
In polymer chemistry, what does the term 'stereospecific polymerization' refer to?
In polymer chemistry, what does the term 'stereospecific polymerization' refer to?
What is the arrangement of methyl groups in isotactic polypropylene?
What is the arrangement of methyl groups in isotactic polypropylene?
What type of polymerization involves the combination of different functional groups with the elimination of small molecules like H2O?
What type of polymerization involves the combination of different functional groups with the elimination of small molecules like H2O?
Which statement is true regarding thermoplastic resins?
Which statement is true regarding thermoplastic resins?
What is characteristic of thermosetting resins?
What is characteristic of thermosetting resins?
What distinguishes syndiotactic polypropylene from other types of polypropylene?
What distinguishes syndiotactic polypropylene from other types of polypropylene?
Copolymers are formed through which process?
Copolymers are formed through which process?
What is the degree of polymerization?
What is the degree of polymerization?
Which of the following is not a characteristic of thermoplastic resins?
Which of the following is not a characteristic of thermoplastic resins?
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Study Notes
Polymerization
- Polymers are large molecules formed by joining smaller molecules called monomers.
- Polymerization is the process of joining monomers to create a polymer.
- The physical properties of a polymer can be changed by adjusting the types of monomers, reaction types, and catalysts.
Types of Polymerization
- Addition Polymerization: monomers with double or triple bonds react without losing small molecules.
- Free Radical Polymerization: involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps.
- Ionic Polymerization: uses cations or anions as intermediates. -Coordination or Ziegler-Natta Polymerization: specific catalysts control the configuration of the polymer.
- Condensation Polymerization: involves the reaction of monomers with different functional groups, producing small molecules like water as a byproduct.
- Copolymerization: two or more monomers react together to form a polymer.
Stereochemistry of Polymers
- Isotactic polymers: all groups are on the same side of the backbone, leading to a more organized structure.
- Syndiotactic polymers: groups are alternately positioned on opposite sides of the backbone.
- Atactic polymers: groups are randomly arranged along the backbone, resulting in a less organized structure.
Degree of Polymerization
- The number of repeating units in a polymer chain.
Plastics (Resins)
- Plastics are high polymers that can be molded into different forms using heat and pressure.
- Resins are the binders used for plastics, and the terms are often used interchangeably.
Classifications of Plastics
- Thermoplastic resins: Soften on heating and harden on cooling, the process is reversible.
- Suitable for applications where repeated heating and cooling are required.
- Thermosetting resins: Harden permanently upon heating, and cannot be softened again.
- Suitable for high-temperature applications where maintaining shape and strength is crucial.
Examples of Polymers
- Polyethylene: a polymer made from ethylene monomers.
- Nylon: a polyamide, a condensation polymer.
- Dacron: a polyester, a condensation polymer.
- SBR (Styrene butadiene rubber): a copolymer.
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