Polymer Science Overview

Polymer Definitions

• A polymer is a very large molecule made up of many small molecules called monomers.
• The term "polymer" comes from the Greek "polys" meaning "many," and "meros" meaning "part."
• Polymers form long chain-like structures.

Polymer Structure

• A monomer is a small molecule.
• A polymer is a long-chain molecule formed by repeating patterns of monomers.

Polymerization

• Polymerization is a process in which small molecules (monomers) chemically combine to create a large chain-like or network molecule (polymer).

Types of Polymers

• Addition polymers are formed by linking monomer units together without loss or gain of material.
• Condensation polymers are formed by linking bifunctional monomers together to give a polymer and some small molecules (like water).

Types of Addition Polymers

• Polyethylene (PE)
• Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
• Polypropylene (PP)
• Polystyrene
• Teflon
• Polyacrylonitrile

Types of Condensation Polymers

• Nylons
• Polyesters
• Phenol-formaldehyde resins (Bakelite)
• Melamine-formaldehyde polymer

Polymer Properties

• Chain length: Longer chains generally result in stronger polymers.
• Side groups: Polar side groups increase attraction between polymer chains, making them stronger.
• Branching: Straight, unbranched chains pack more closely, creating denser, stronger, and more crystalline polymers.
• Cross-linking: Extensive covalent bonding between polymer chains creates harder, less melt-able polymers.

Polymer Applications

• Automobile: Instrument panels, engine parts, windows, tires, and body panels.
• Civil Engineering: Building materials (PVC, polystyrene), insulation, composite materials, and reinforcement.
• Electronics: Conducting polymers, used for producing conductivity.
• Agriculture: Soil conditioners, improving soil properties and productivity.

Types of Polymers Based on Tacticity

• Isotactic: Side groups are arranged on the same side of the backbone chain.
• Syndiotactic: Side groups are arranged alternately on opposite sides of the backbone chain.
• Atactic: Side groups are randomly arranged along the backbone chain.

Copolymers

• Copolymers are polymers derived from more than one type of monomer.
• Types include alternating, block, random, and graft copolymers.

Plastic Resin Identification Codes

• Codes for identifying different types of plastics.
• Specific codes and their corresponding uses should be referenced, as provided in the figures for complete descriptions.

Thermoplastics vs Thermosets

• Thermoplastics can be softened and hardened repeatedly by heating and cooling.
• Thermosets harden after heating and cannot be reformed.

Naturally Occurring Polymers

• Examples include proteins, nucleic acids, cellulose, and rubber.

Inorganic Polymers

• Polymers that do not contain carbon atoms in their backbone.
• Examples include silicas, boric oxide, and boron nitride.

This quiz covers the essential concepts of polymers, including definitions, structures, and the processes of polymerization. Explore the types of addition and condensation polymers, along with specific examples. Test your knowledge on this fundamental topic in chemistry!