Polydipsia and Polyuria Flashcards
24 Questions
100 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is polydipsia?

  • A desire for water
  • Increased production of glucocorticoids
  • Abnormally excessive urination
  • Excessive thirst persisting for long periods (correct)

    • What is polyuria?

  • Excessive thirst
  • Decreased patient blood volume
  • Passage of a large volume of urine (correct)
  • Neural injury

    • What do pd and pu indicate?

    Both appear consistently in several polysystemic disorders.

    Polydipsia usually results from primary _____________

    <p>polyuria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 1st basic principle mentioned?

    <p>Water in = water out</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 2nd basic principle address?

    <p>Overhydration vs. dehydration (intracellular)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is thirst defined as?

    <p>A desire for water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the Antidiuretic hormone control center located?

    <p>Adjacent to the thirst center</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Primary thirst is well understood.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Secondary thirst is well understood.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are dipsenogenic compounds?

    <p>Compounds that stimulate thirst by direct action on neurons in the thirst center.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is pathologic thirst caused by?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential cause of neuronal irritation leading to pathologic thirst?

    <p>Tumor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is compulsive water drinking associated with?

    <p>Anxiety and boredom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is hypercalcemia associated with?

    <p>Cancer and kidney disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What constitutes the renal concentrating mechanism?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when extracellular fluid osmolality increases?

    <p>ADH release increases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Isosthenuric refers to glomerular filtrate with a specific gravity equal to plasma, which is __________ to __________.

    <p>1008 to 1012</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does iatrogenic mean?

    <p>Induced by humans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some disorders that produce polydipsia and polyuria?

    <p>Diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, hyperadrenocorticism, etc.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some diseases that cause polyuria by affecting renal concentrating mechanisms?

    <p>Diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, hyperadrenocorticism, etc.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many types of diabetes insipidus are there?

    <p>Two types.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes diabetes mellitus?

    <p>Insulin deficiency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is hyperadrenocorticism characterized by?

    <p>Increased production of glucocorticoids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Polydipsia

    • Defined as excessive thirst that persists over long periods, leading to constant drinking.
    • A symptom commonly associated with various medical conditions affecting water homeostasis.

    Polyuria

    • Characterized by the passage of a large volume of urine over a specific time frame, typically with decreased specific gravity (SG).
    • Often results in abnormal excessive urination.

    Polydipsia and Polyuria Relationship

    • Both symptoms consistently appear in several polysystemic disorders, indicating disturbances in water regulation.

    Primary Causes

    • Polydipsia generally results from primary polydipsia conditions, which may lead to excessive thirst and urination.

    Basic Principles

    • The balance of water intake and output is crucial (water in = water out).
    • Overhydration and dehydration need to be managed, affecting intracellular fluid levels.

    Thirst Mechanism

    • Thirst is a physiological desire for water, controlled by the hypothalamus, serving as a stimulus to drink.

    Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) Control

    • The control center for ADH, responsible for managing fluid balance, is adjacent to the thirst center and responds to extracellular fluid osmolality.

    Primary Thirst (PD)

    • Well-understood, often triggered by intracellular dehydration and changes in blood volume, influencing thirst and ADH secretion.

    Secondary Thirst (PD)

    • Poorly understood and anticipates water needs before deficiencies arise; more common than primary thirst causes.

    Dipsenogenic Compounds

    • Renin and Angiotensin play a role in stimulating thirst through direct actions on neurons in the thirst center, influenced by certain diseases.

    Pathologic Thirst

    • Defined as primary polydipsia resulting from conditions like neuronal irritation, compulsive drinking, increased plasma renin, and hypercalcemia.

    Neuronal Irritation Causes

    • Hypothalamic tumors, trauma, or inflammation can lead to disturbances that trigger thirst.

    Compulsive Water Drinking

    • Often associated with psychological factors like anxiety or boredom, leading to non-physiological thirst responses.

    Hypercalcemia Causes

    • Conditions like cancer or kidney disease, resulting in mineral imbalances, can contribute to pathologic thirst.

    Renal Concentrating Mechanism

    • In a typical 25 lb dog, approximately 68 liters of fluid are filtered daily by the glomeruli, with less than 500 ml excreted as urine.

    ADH Osmoreceptor Control System

    • ADH is produced by specialized neurons and stored in nerve endings, responding to increased extracellular fluid osmolality by enhancing water reabsorption.

    Countercurrent System

    • Loops of Henle facilitate water reabsorption along concentration gradients, effectively reducing osmolality.

    Isosthenuric Urine

    • Refers to urine with a specific gravity similar to plasma (1008 to 1012), indicating renal abnormalities if more concentrated urine is expected.

    Iatrogenic Factors

    • Conditions or symptoms induced by human actions, generally drug-related.

    Disorders Inducing Polyuria and Polydipsia

    • A variety of disorders can disrupt tubular function, leading to these symptoms, including diabetes insipidus and mellitus.

    Diseases Affecting Renal Concentrating Mechanisms

    • Conditions that stimulate primary polydipsia and lead to polyuria include diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, hyperadrenocorticism, and several others.

    Diabetes Insipidus

    • Two types exist: neurogenic (due to neural injury causing ADH deficiency) and nephrogenic (due to unresponsiveness of tubules to ADH).

    Diabetes Mellitus

    • characterized by insulin deficiency leading to hyperglycemia and glucosuria, which increases absorbable solute levels and may be tested with dipsticks.

    Hyperadrenocorticism

    • Involves increased glucocorticoid production, inhibiting ADH in collecting ducts, often associated with Cushing’s disease symptoms.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    Explore key terms related to polydipsia and polyuria with these flashcards. Learn their definitions and how they relate to various polysystemic disorders. Perfect for students or healthcare professionals looking to enhance their understanding of these conditions.

    More Like This

    Veterinary Medical Terminology Quiz
    39 questions

    Veterinary Medical Terminology Quiz

    HighSpiritedLeprechaun avatar
    HighSpiritedLeprechaun
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser