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Questions and Answers
What is the overall charge of the Carbonate ion?
What is the overall charge of the Carbonate ion?
Ammonium has a negative overall charge.
Ammonium has a negative overall charge.
False
What is the leader of the Phosphate ion?
What is the leader of the Phosphate ion?
Phosphorous
The formula for Aluminum Sulfate is Al2[SO4]3, using the ______ rule to determine the ratio.
The formula for Aluminum Sulfate is Al2[SO4]3, using the ______ rule to determine the ratio.
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Which polyatomic ion contains four oxygen atoms and has a negative charge of three?
Which polyatomic ion contains four oxygen atoms and has a negative charge of three?
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Match the following polyatomic ions with their overall charges:
Match the following polyatomic ions with their overall charges:
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Chlorate ion has three oxygen atoms.
Chlorate ion has three oxygen atoms.
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How many hydrogen atoms are present in the Ammonium ion?
How many hydrogen atoms are present in the Ammonium ion?
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Study Notes
Polyatomic Ions
- Polyatomic ions are groups of atoms acting as a single unit, holding a positive or negative charge.
- These groups, often found in food, are given specific names.
- Each polyatomic ion has a central atom (often a nonmetal), and surrounding atoms, acting as a team.
- The overall charge of the polyatomic ion depends on the number of electrons gained or lost.
Common Polyatomic Ions
-
Hydroxide (OH⁻)
- Leader: Oxygen
- Member: One hydrogen
- Overall charge: −1
-
Nitrate (NO₃⁻)
- Leader: Nitrogen
- Members: Three oxygen
- Overall charge: −1
-
Carbonate (CO₃²⁻)
- Leader: Carbon
- Members: Three oxygen
- Overall charge: −2
-
Chlorate (ClO₃⁻)
- Leader: Chlorine
- Members: Three oxygen
- Overall charge: −1
-
Sulfate (SO₄²⁻)
- Leader: Sulfur
- Members: Four oxygen
- Overall charge: −2
-
Phosphate (PO₄³⁻)
- Leader: Phosphorus
- Members: Four oxygen
- Overall charge: −3
-
Ammonium (NH₄⁺)
- Leader: Nitrogen
- Members: Four hydrogen
- Overall charge: +1
Memory Aid for Common Polyatomic Ions
- Oh Nick the Camel Ate a Clam for Supper in Phoenix. Say What?
- Consonants: Indicate the number of oxygen atoms.
- Vowels: Indicate the ion's overall negative charge.
Polyatomic Compounds
- Polyatomic ions combine with metals or non-metals to form polyatomic compounds.
- Determining the ratio of elements in the compound depends on their charges.
- The crossover rule helps establish the chemical formula.
- The formula reflects the elements' ratio. Brackets clarify the presence of polyatomic ions.
Example of Polyatomic Compounds
-
Aluminum Sulfate (Al₂(SO₄)₃)
- Aluminum charge: +3
- Sulfate charge: −2
- Ratio (crossover rule): 2:3
-
Aluminum Phosphate (AlPO₄)
- Aluminum charge: +3
- Phosphate charge: −3
- Ratio (crossover rule): 1:1
- **Lead Carbonate (Pb(CO₃)₂) **
- Lead charge; +4
- Carbonate charge: −2
- Ratio (crossover rule): 1:2
Crossover Rule
- It determines the chemical formula of compounds involving polyatomic ions.
- The charges are crossed over to create the subscripts in the formula and reduced to their lowest common factor.
Important Notes
- Brackets in formulas indicate the polyatomic ion as a single unit.
- Simplify subscripts to the lowest ratio if needed.
- Consistent practice with names, formulas, and charges is vital.
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Description
Test your knowledge about polyatomic ions and their structures! This quiz covers common polyatomic ions, their composition, and their charges. Discover how to remember them with fun memory aids.
