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Questions and Answers
What does the term waste minimization primarily refer to?
What does the term waste minimization primarily refer to?
Legal incentives do not play a role in waste minimization evaluations.
Legal incentives do not play a role in waste minimization evaluations.
False
What is the goal of minimizing the generation of hazardous waste at a manufacturing facility?
What is the goal of minimizing the generation of hazardous waste at a manufacturing facility?
To reduce environmental impact and comply with regulations.
The first step in the suggested outline for waste minimization is __________.
The first step in the suggested outline for waste minimization is __________.
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Match the following waste minimization incentives with their descriptions:
Match the following waste minimization incentives with their descriptions:
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Which of the following is NOT part of the waste minimization audit?
Which of the following is NOT part of the waste minimization audit?
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Public demands for environmentally responsible practices have no impact on waste management strategies.
Public demands for environmentally responsible practices have no impact on waste management strategies.
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List one method used for evaluating the economics of environmentally desirable processes.
List one method used for evaluating the economics of environmentally desirable processes.
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Which of the following is NOT part of the planning process for waste minimization?
Which of the following is NOT part of the planning process for waste minimization?
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The waste minimization audit should include the production rate of the process.
The waste minimization audit should include the production rate of the process.
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What is one necessary source of information required to complete the waste minimization audit?
What is one necessary source of information required to complete the waste minimization audit?
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The four stages of waste reduction begin with __________ waste reduction, which focuses on immediate opportunities.
The four stages of waste reduction begin with __________ waste reduction, which focuses on immediate opportunities.
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Which of the following represents a method of pollution prevention?
Which of the following represents a method of pollution prevention?
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Match the following types of waste reduction with their descriptions:
Match the following types of waste reduction with their descriptions:
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Housekeeping changes in waste minimization include only equipment upgrades.
Housekeeping changes in waste minimization include only equipment upgrades.
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What must any proposed alternative in waste minimization be evaluated for?
What must any proposed alternative in waste minimization be evaluated for?
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Which of the following is NOT a method to reduce hazardous waste volume?
Which of the following is NOT a method to reduce hazardous waste volume?
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Compliance with regulatory requirements is sufficient for promoting EHS performance.
Compliance with regulatory requirements is sufficient for promoting EHS performance.
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What is the first step in the improvement phase of EHS performance?
What is the first step in the improvement phase of EHS performance?
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Process modifications may include changes in raw materials, __________, and operating procedures.
Process modifications may include changes in raw materials, __________, and operating procedures.
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Match the strategies of waste minimization with their descriptions:
Match the strategies of waste minimization with their descriptions:
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What can improve compliance alternatives when striving for EHS performance?
What can improve compliance alternatives when striving for EHS performance?
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Recycling is a part of waste minimization efforts.
Recycling is a part of waste minimization efforts.
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A comparative evaluation of improvement options assesses __________, economic, and regulatory feasibility.
A comparative evaluation of improvement options assesses __________, economic, and regulatory feasibility.
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What is one way to reduce the concentration of contaminants in waste?
What is one way to reduce the concentration of contaminants in waste?
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All expired raw materials can no longer be reused.
All expired raw materials can no longer be reused.
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Name one technique for reducing hazardous waste at the source.
Name one technique for reducing hazardous waste at the source.
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A _____ is used to avoid violating air pollution laws by treating the air in workshops.
A _____ is used to avoid violating air pollution laws by treating the air in workshops.
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Match the waste minimization techniques with their descriptions:
Match the waste minimization techniques with their descriptions:
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What is a potential source of hazardous waste?
What is a potential source of hazardous waste?
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Housekeeping practices always require expensive solutions to reduce waste.
Housekeeping practices always require expensive solutions to reduce waste.
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Contaminated materials may serve as a solvent or cleaning material for a _____ application.
Contaminated materials may serve as a solvent or cleaning material for a _____ application.
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What is a primary benefit of labeling in waste management?
What is a primary benefit of labeling in waste management?
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Synthetic lube oils are cheaper and less effective than petroleum-based lubricants.
Synthetic lube oils are cheaper and less effective than petroleum-based lubricants.
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Which material is considered the easiest to recycle?
Which material is considered the easiest to recycle?
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Solvent recycling often utilizes the method of ________ reuse, where a solvent is used for high-quality cleaning and then for less sensitive operations.
Solvent recycling often utilizes the method of ________ reuse, where a solvent is used for high-quality cleaning and then for less sensitive operations.
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Match the following materials with their recycling potential:
Match the following materials with their recycling potential:
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What is a potential waste management challenge associated with shipping hazardous waste off-site?
What is a potential waste management challenge associated with shipping hazardous waste off-site?
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Cascade reuse of solvents means they can be used only once before disposal.
Cascade reuse of solvents means they can be used only once before disposal.
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What type of waste can often be reclaimed as energy when burned?
What type of waste can often be reclaimed as energy when burned?
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Study Notes
Pollution Prevention
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Pollution Prevention (P2) refers to techniques that reduce waste generation and associated environmental impact.
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Incentives for P2:
- Economic: Waste is viewed as a misplaced resource, reducing waste can save money in the long run.
- Legal and Regulatory: P2 practices are often mandated by law, avoiding future liabilities.
- Public Demand: Public pressure against hazardous waste production fuels change in legislation and consumer behavior.
Waste Minimization Strategies
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Waste Minimization Audit:
- Planning: Obtaining commitment from management, allocating resources, setting goals, and training employees.
- Waste Characterization: Identifying specific waste sources, physical and chemical properties, generation rates, and current management methods.
- Information Gathering: Utilizing process flow diagrams, material balances, operating manuals, equipment specifications, MSDS, material purchase records, production records, and maintenance records.
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Pollution Prevention Methods:
- Commonsense Waste Reduction: Immediate opportunities for reducing waste such as lowering water usage.
- Information-Driven Waste Reduction: Replacing hazardous materials with less harmful alternatives.
- R&D-Based Waste Reduction: Developing new processes and technologies to reduce waste generation..
- Audit-Dependent Waste Reduction: Implementing changes based on thorough waste audits and analyses.
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Housekeeping Changes:
- Segregating hazardous waste to prevent mixing.
- Training employees to implement new procedures, including proper labeling.
Volume Reduction
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Process Modification:
- Raw Material Substitution: Replacing hazardous materials with less harmful options.
- Equipment Changes: Upgrading or modifying equipment to reduce waste generation.
- Operating Procedure Alterations: Optimizing processes to minimize waste.
- Material Storage Optimization: Efficient storage to avoid waste.
- End Product Optimization: Modifying product designs to reduce waste.
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Segregation:
- Preventing waste streams from being mixed, especially for non-hazardous materials.
- Maintaining separation of cooling water and waste streams.
- Utilizing dry methods when possible.
- Efficient waste segregation through equipment changes.
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Reuse:
- Repurposing contaminated materials for less sensitive applications.
- Validating expired raw materials for reuse.
Toxicity Reduction
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Process Modification:
- Powder coating technology replaces solvent-based paints, reducing hazardous waste.
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Equipment Modification:
- Optimizing equipment for smaller quantities of powdered chemicals to avoid waste.
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Housekeeping Practices:
- Ensuring proper storage areas for easy leak detection.
- Comprehensive training for waste minimization implementation.
- Encouraging employee suggestions for waste reduction.
- Consistent labeling for waste identification.
- Integrating waste reduction practices into routine facility inspections.
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Material Substitution:
- Using synthetic, recyclable lubricants instead of petroleum-based oils.
Recycling
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Onsite Recycling:
- Optimizes recycling practices by minimizing transportation and liability concerns.
- Prioritize recycling within the facility to reduce transportation and disposal costs.
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Water Recycling:
- Recirculating process water for less sensitive applications within the facility.
- Utilizing non-contact cooling water for reuse.
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Solvent Recycling:
- Implementing practices for recycling various solvents like alcohols, ketones, ethers, and hydrocarbons.
- Utilizing cascade reuse, where solvents are used sequentially in different applications.
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Oil Recycling:
- Recycling contaminated oil rather than disposing of it as hazardous waste.
- Reclaiming energy from spent oil through combustion in industrial boilers or furnaces.
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Solid Recycling:
- Recycling various solid materials such as paper, metals, and plastics.
- Utilizing regular paper and paperboard recycling programs.
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Description
This quiz covers pollution prevention techniques and waste minimization strategies. It discusses the economic, legal, and public incentives for P2 practices. You'll learn about waste audits and effective management methods to reduce environmental impact.
