Political Violence and State Terrorism

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Questions and Answers

What distinguishes clandestine state terrorism from regular state terrorism?

Clandestine state terrorism uses overt violent methods.

Clandestine state terrorism involves direct participation by state agents. (correct)

Clandestine state terrorism involves no state agents.

Clandestine state terrorism targets only state actors.

Which statement correctly defines genocide?

Acts committed with intent to destroy a national, ethnical, racial, or religious group. (correct)

Acts that are intended to cause political repression.

Acts committed to control the citizenry through force.

Acts committed with intent to destroy a political regime.

What is the primary motivation behind political violence?

To enforce legal justice.

To harm victims for political goals. (correct)

To achieve personal gain.

To create social movements.

How does political repression manifest in a society?

It restricts citizens' ability to engage in political life. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a revolutionary movement?

Acting to overthrow the existing order. Signup and view all the answers

State-sponsored terrorism typically involves which of the following?

Engaging private groups to conduct terrorist actions for the state. Signup and view all the answers

What is a vital aspect of state terrorism?

Showing intent to remedy miscarriages of justice. Signup and view all the answers

How can self-efficacy be described in the context of social change?

As a belief in one's ability to influence political outcomes. Signup and view all the answers

What significant event occurred in Derry in 1969 that contributed to the split in the Irish Republican Movements?

The Battle of the Bogside Signup and view all the answers

Which leader redirected the IRA's focus towards political participation in 1969?

Cathal Goulding Signup and view all the answers

What characterized the influx of new recruits to the Provisionals after the 1969 split?

They were mostly young people joining during peaks of violence. Signup and view all the answers

What was the role of women's participation in the Provisional IRA?

Women began playing a pivotal role as the organization evolved. Signup and view all the answers

What was one consequence of the Provisional IRA's campaign as it progressed over time?

They lost considerable influence to the official IRA. Signup and view all the answers

What was the main difference in recruitment patterns among the PIRA volunteers during different violence levels?

Younger people joined more when violence peaked, while older people joined during times of less violence. Signup and view all the answers

Who were Marian and Delours Price in relation to the PIRA?

They participated in coordinated bombings in England. Signup and view all the answers

How did the leadership's changes in strategy affect existing IRA members in 1969?

Many members found it too rapid and significant. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key point of contention in the debate between state terrorism and genocide?

Whether states have the right to use violence. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes state terrorism as a form of political violence?

It involves the state's use of violence against non-state actors. Signup and view all the answers

How can political violence encompass broader manifestations than terrorism?

Political violence may involve multiple methods of dissent beyond just terrorism. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'homegrown' refer to in the context of political violence?

Individuals born in the country who commit acts of terrorism. Signup and view all the answers

What defines the concept of 'Greater Jihad' in the context provided?

An individual's personal struggle against sin and temptation. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the 'Lesser Jihad'?

Warfare conducted in the name of religion. Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect explains the concept of 'far enemy' in the context of international relations?

Western states perceived as oppressors by certain groups. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'mandates' refer to in the historical context regarding empires?

Territories managed by victorious powers until deemed ready for self-rule. Signup and view all the answers

What was the immediate cause of the events known as 'Bloody Sunday'?

Protesters attempted to cross barricades. Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Widgery report commissioned after Bloody Sunday?

The army was exonerated while implicating the victims. Signup and view all the answers

What action did the Provisional IRA take when truce negotiations failed?

They began a campaign of bombings. Signup and view all the answers

What was the nature of the protests initiated by paramilitary prisoners in response to losing Special Category Status?

Blanket and no wash protests. Signup and view all the answers

Which report, released in 2010, challenged the initial findings of the Widgery report?

The Saville Report. Signup and view all the answers

What significant change occurred in the Provisional IRA's management structure during 1977-1980?

A tighter, cellular-based network. Signup and view all the answers

Which protest brought attention to women's issues within the political prisoner context?

The 'dirty protest'. Signup and view all the answers

What phrase was emphasized to reflect the new focus on operational secrecy within the Provisional IRA?

Whatever you say, say nothing. Signup and view all the answers

Who is considered the founding father of Saudi Arabia known for a literalist interpretation of Islam?

Ibn Abd al-Wahhab Signup and view all the answers

What was a primary cause for Hassan al-Banna forming the Muslim Brotherhood?

End of the Ottoman Empire Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the concept of jihadism as presented in the content?

It shows a wave-like pattern in its prominence. Signup and view all the answers

What was the strategic result of the Afghanistan invasion for jihadists?

It prompted jihad to be waged globally. Signup and view all the answers

What type of solution did Ibn Abd al-Wahhab advocate to address societal decline?

Return to the roots of Islam Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about Al-Qaeda's approach to jihad?

It internationalized the concept of jihad. Signup and view all the answers

What role do the Prophet and early followers (Salafs) play in the interpretations discussed?

They serve as role models for returning to true Islam. Signup and view all the answers

What did Al-Banna emphasize as a duty for Muslims within the Muslim Brotherhood?

Jihad as a personal duty Signup and view all the answers

What event significantly contributed to the success of the Good Friday Agreement?

Increased international pressure for peace Signup and view all the answers

Which President of the Republic of Ireland was instrumental in the negotiation of the Good Friday Agreement?

Albert Reynolds Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of the Good Friday Agreement regarding incarcerated individuals?

Both paramilitaries and loyalists were released despite their past actions Signup and view all the answers

What was a notable effect of the 'war weariness' in the northern region of Ireland?

Desire for a peaceful resolution Signup and view all the answers

How did changes in leadership affect the negotiations for the Good Friday Agreement?

It opened doors to more favorable discussions Signup and view all the answers

What impact did the Good Friday Agreement have on the Provisional IRA's activities?

Allowed for a reduction in violence but did not eliminate the threat Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the primary objectives of the Good Friday Agreement?

To create a framework for peaceful cooperation between communities Signup and view all the answers

Which group performed a notable bombing after the Belfast Agreement, indicating ongoing tensions?

Official IRA Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Counterterrorism

This document is a course outline for a Security Studies (year 2) course at Leiden University, focusing on counterterrorism.
Important figures and groups are included in the course content, likely for study purposes.
The course covers topics like introductions to counterterrorism, political violence, state-terrorism, and the historical evolution of critical terrorism studies.
Case studies of the Provisional IRA, including Irish history, the troubles, and the evolution of the group, are also included.
Key concepts like the four waves of terrorism (Anarchist, Anti-colonial, New-Left, and Religious), along with various tactics and their evolution are also part of the course.
Psychological perspectives on radicalisation, and the role of ideology, are also covered.
The document outlines the table of contents for each lecture.

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Description

Test your understanding of political violence, state terrorism, and the dynamics of revolutionary movements. This quiz covers definitions, motivations, and historical events related to these concepts, including the roles of various actors and emerging patterns within movements. Explore how women's participation and recruitment strategies influenced groups like the Provisional IRA.