Political Theories of the State in the Philippines

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What defines the powers of eminent domain?

The power to enact laws for the general welfare of the state.

The power to regulate public health and morals for the community.

The authority to expropriate private property for public use with compensation. (correct)

The ability to impose duties or taxes on individuals for government support.

Which of the following is NOT a component of police power?

Public safety laws.

Taxation policies. (correct)

Laws to ensure public morals.

Public health regulations.

What is the primary basis for police power as described?

The need to protect individual property rights.

The enforcement of international laws.

The ability to collect taxes for public services.

The welfare of the people being the supreme law. (correct)

How do the concepts of a state and a nation differ?

A state is a political entity, while a nation is defined by ethnic characteristics. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the relationship between states and nations is accurate?

A state may consist of multiple nations. Signup and view all the answers

What justification did Ferdinand Marcos give for declaring martial law in 1972?

Growing communist insurgency Signup and view all the answers

Which constitution allowed Ferdinand Marcos to rule by decree during his presidency?

1973 Constitution Signup and view all the answers

What event triggered the 'People Power' revolution in the Philippines?

Assassination of Benigno Aquino Jr. Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of Marcos remaining in power after martial law was lifted in 1981?

Continued suppression of dissent Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of government authority in the Philippines?

The people Signup and view all the answers

How did Ferdinand Marcos sustain his rule after declaring martial law?

Manipulating an ongoing Constitutional Convention Signup and view all the answers

Which theory of the origin of the state implies that rulers are chosen by God?

Divine Right Theory Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes 'sovereignty' in the context of a state?

The power to impose laws and control its territory Signup and view all the answers

What characterized the snap elections forced by Marcos in 1986?

Fraud and manipulation Signup and view all the answers

Which element of the state refers to its physical boundaries?

Territory Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the coup attempt by military rebels during Marcos' presidency?

Failure due to discovery Signup and view all the answers

What was a major consequence of corruption during Ferdinand Marcos' rule?

Economic decline and public resentment Signup and view all the answers

What does 'internal sovereignty' refer to?

Authority to rule within the territory Signup and view all the answers

Which theory describes the formation of the state as a result of a voluntary agreement among people?

Social Contract Theory Signup and view all the answers

How many manifestations does sovereignty have?

Two Signup and view all the answers

What aspect is NOT a requirement for a state according to the content?

A large population Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes a nation that lacks its own state and has people spread across several countries?

Stateless nation Signup and view all the answers

What defines a conventional/enacted constitution?

A constitution granted by a monarch or enacted by a constitutional assembly Signup and view all the answers

Which type of constitution is described as rigid or inelastic?

A constitution seen as sacred and difficult to amend Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a preamble in a constitution?

To serve as an introduction or prologue Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a multinational state?

Scotland Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by a cumulative/evolved constitution?

A constitution that evolves from historical customs and traditions Signup and view all the answers

The Malolos Constitution is significant for what reason?

It established the first republic in the Philippines in 1899. Signup and view all the answers

Which example is best described as a diaspora?

Palestinians in refugee camps Signup and view all the answers

Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The Philippines

The Philippines is a democratic and republican state
Sovereignty resides in the people and all government authority emanates from them (Section 1, Article II, 1987 Constitution)
A state is a community of people, more or less numerous, permanently occupying a definite portion of territory, having a government of their own, and enjoying freedom from external control
A state occupies a large portion of territory, has an established government, and exercises sovereignty
Government is the formal institution that rules the people

Theories of the Origin of the State

Divine Right Theory: The state is of divine creation and the ruler ordained by God to rule the people
Necessity of Force Theory: The state was created through force by great warriors who imposed their will on the weak
Paternalistic Theory: The state is an enlarged family, developing from a clan to a tribe and eventually a nation-state
Social Contract Theory: The state was formed deliberately and voluntarily by people who organized a government for their common good; this justifies the right to revolt against a bad ruler

Elements of the State

People: The inhabitants of the state; there needs to be enough people to govern and be governed
Territory: The land, rivers, and lakes within the state's jurisdiction. It can be described as terrestrial, fluvial, maritime, or fluvial
Sovereignty: Supreme power of the state to command and enforce obedience within its jurisdiction, free from foreign control. It has internal(power to rule within its territory) and external(freedom to act without outside control, also called independence) manifestations

The Three Inherent Powers of the State

Eminent Domain: The state's or its delegates' power to take private property for public use, with just compensation and due process
Police Power: The state's power to enact laws relating to people and property to maintain the welfare of its citizens. Examples are public health, morals, safety, and welfare
Power of Taxation: The state's power to impose charges or burdens on persons or property for the support of the government

Nation vs. State

Nation and state are not the same
The state is a political concept; the nation is an ethnic concept
A nation is a group of people bound by common social origin, language, customs, and traditions
A state is not subject to external control, while a nation may or may not be independent of external control
A single state may be made up of multiple nations, and a single nation may be made up of multiple states

Nation and State Types

Nation-State: A state with its own nation (e.g., Iceland)
Multinational State: A state with more than one nation (e.g., United Kingdom)
Stateless Nation: A nation without its own state (e.g., Palestinians)
Diaspora: A nation dispersed beyond a home state (e.g., Jews)

Concept of Constitution

Constitution is the body of rules and principles that govern the sovereign's exercise of power
Constitutional Law deals with the nature, formation, amendment, and interpretation of constitutions.

Kinds of Constitution

Conventional/Enacted: A constitution enacted by a constitutional assembly or granted by a monarch
Cumulative/Evolved: A constitution that develops over time from customs, traditions etc.

As to Form

Written: A constitution that has a specific and definite form
Unwritten: A constitution that has developed through customs and traditions

As to Manner of Amendment

Rigid/Inelastic: A constitution that cannot be easily changed (special sanctity/process),
Flexible/Elastic: A constitution that can be changed in the same way as other laws

Preamble

Preamble is the prologue or introduction to the constitution, derived from the Latin word "preambulare" (to walk before).

Constitutional History

The Philippines was used as a trading port leading to colonization by Spain and later the US
Indios was the term the Spanish used for Filipinos, while "Illustrados" were the Filipino intellectuals
Philippine revolution occurred in 1898 in Cavite declaring independence
The Malolos Constitution established the First Philippine Republic.

Independence to Martial Law

Philippine politics since independence has faced corruption and scandals
Some presidents have tried to stabilize the country and develop the economy and foreign relations.

Ferdinand Marcos' Rule

Marcos was elected president in 1965 and re-elected in 1969.
He declared martial law in 1972 citing communist insurgency.
He manipulated the drafting of the 1973 constitution to maintain power.
His authoritarian rule suppressed democratic institutions and restricted civil freedoms.
Despite economic decline and rising corruption, Marcos and his wife Imelda remained extravagant in their lifestyle.

The People's Choice

Marcos was ousted by the People Power Revolution of 1986
Widespread public pressure due to Marcos' assassination forced him to flee into exile after losing the People's Power Revolution.
Corazon Aquino (Widow of Benigno Aquino Jr) assumed presidency.

The 1987 Constitution

Aquino implemented reforms to repeal Marcos-era regulations.
She replaced the existing regulations with the 1987 constitution.
The 1987 constitution was largely modeled on the American Constitution.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Explore the foundations of the state's existence and its role in society, particularly in the context of the Philippines. This quiz covers various theories regarding the origin of the state, including the Divine Right Theory, Necessity of Force, and Social Contract Theory. Test your knowledge of the democratic principles as per the 1987 Constitution.