Political Theories and Philippine Politics
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following social classes in the Philippines refers to Spaniards born in Spain who moved to the Philippines?

  • Indio
  • Insulares
  • Mestizo
  • Peninsulares (correct)
  • What was the Philippine Organic Act of 1902 also referred to as?

  • Philippine Autonomy Act
  • Cooper Act (correct)
  • Philippine Bill of 1902 (correct)
  • Jones Law
  • Which act removed the Philippine Commission as the legislative upper house?

  • Biak na Bato
  • Philippine Organic Act of 1902
  • Revolutionary Government Act
  • Philippine Autonomy Act of 1916 (correct)
  • Who established the Biak na Bato Republic?

    <p>Emilio Aguinaldo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following groups includes wealthy native Filipinos?

    <p>Principalia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Datu in the law approval process?

    <p>Recommends or proposes the law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which body has the ultimate authority to review proposed laws?

    <p>Council of Elders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were 'superior decrees' issued by the governor-general?

    <p>Orders with the force of law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who authored the 'Catálogo Alfabético de Apellidos'?

    <p>Governor-General Narciso Claveria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the tributo?

    <p>Tax to be paid or given</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'polo y servicio' refer to?

    <p>Forced service or labor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the function of the Audiencia?

    <p>To audit government finances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an alcaldía managed by?

    <p>Alcalde Mayor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the divine rights theory of the state assert about leaders?

    <p>Leaders are believed to be appointed by God.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the force theory, what is the basis for the formation of the state?

    <p>Continuous warfare and conquest.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concept behind social contract theory as pioneered by Rousseau?

    <p>Individuals surrender some freedoms for protection and needs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does evolution theory propose as the foundation of the state?

    <p>Family units evolving into larger communities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a polystate nation represent?

    <p>A state with national plurality where conquerors lead.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes a stateless nation?

    <p>It has cultural identity but lacks political independence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'barangay' refer to in the context of early Filipino politics?

    <p>A type of early settlement community.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory posits that the state's strength relies on a combination of cultural and political aspects?

    <p>Divine rights theory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum number of consecutive terms a senator can serve in the Philippines?

    <p>2 terms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a qualification for a senator in the Philippines?

    <p>At least 30 years old on the election day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    On which day are the elections for senators and members of the House of Representatives held in the Philippines?

    <p>2nd Monday of May</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the legislative body composed of the Senate and the House of Representatives in the Philippines?

    <p>Philippine Congress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many senators are elected by qualified voters in the Philippines?

    <p>24 Senators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the House of Representatives' total members must come from party-list representatives?

    <p>20%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following functions does the legislative power in the Philippines NOT have?

    <p>Implement laws</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total membership cap of the House of Representatives in the Philippines?

    <p>250 members</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum age requirement for a person to be elected as President in the Philippines?

    <p>40 years old</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which power allows the President to call out armed forces to prevent lawless violence?

    <p>Military Power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term limit for the President of the Philippines?

    <p>6 years without re-election</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must the President do within 48 hours of proclaiming Martial Law?

    <p>Submit a report to Congress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For how long can Martial Law be declared without congressional approval for extension?

    <p>60 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which qualification is NOT required to be elected as President?

    <p>Owner of property</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What power allows the President to guarantee loans for the country?

    <p>Budgetary Power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one consequence of Martial Law as described?

    <p>Suspension of the Writ of Habeas Corpus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Oldest Theory of the State

    • The state was created by God
    • Leaders are appointed by God

    Force Theory

    • The state was created through warfare and conquest
    • Conquerors become leaders, conquered become subordinates

    Social Contract Theory

    • State is a result of a contract, man gives up freedom and privileges in exchange for protection
    • Pioneered by John Jacques Rousseau

    Evolution Theory

    • State evolved from families who joined into larger groups (tribes, communities)

    Pre-Colonial Politics

    • Barangay was a type of early settlement
    • The word "Barangay" comes from "balangay," the name of the sailboats that brought settlers from Borneo
    • The leader of a barangay was the Datu who also commanded the armed forces

    Spanish Policies in the Philippines

    • Hispanicization of Names - This is when governor-general Narciso Claveria introduced the "Catálogo Alfabético de Apellidos" which gave Filipinos Spanish surnames
    • Tributo - tax to be paid to the government
    • Encomienda System - This system granted land by the king and queen of Spain, allowing the grantee to collect tribute from indigenous people living on the land
    • Polo Y Servicio - This was a forced service or labour requirement imposed on Filipino men requiring them to work for the government for a period of time
    • Bandala System - This was a monopoly system where indigenous people were forced to sell their products to the government at unfair prices

    Local Government Units

    • Alcalde Mayor - handled provinces
    • Gobernadorcillo - handled towns
    • Cabeza de Barangay - handled barangays
    • Corregidor - handled the Corregimientos (unclassified/military areas in Philippines)

    Social Classes in Spanish Era

    • Peninsulares - Spaniards born in Spain who moved to the Philippines
    • Insulares - Spaniards born and living in the Philippines
    • Mestizo - Mixed-race Filipinos (half-Spanish, half-Filipino)
    • Principalia - Wealthy native Filipinos
    • Indio - Native Filipinos

    Revolutionary Government

    • General Emilio Aguinaldo established a dictatorial government
    • This government lasted for two years
    • The Biak na Bato Republic was established in 1897

    American Influence

    • American governor-general was given legislative power
    • The Philippines had a bicameral legislature:
      • Upper House (Philippine Commission)
      • Lower House (Philippine Assembly)

    Philippine Organic Act of 1902

    • This law was also known as the Philippine Bill of 1902 or Cooper Act
    • It was the first organic law enacted by the US Congress for the Philippines

    Philippine Autonomy Act of 1916

    • Also known as the Jones Law
    • Removed the Philippine Commission (upper house) and replaced it with a Senate

    Philippine Constitution

    • The current constitution is the 1987 Constitution
    • It was ratified by a nationwide plebiscite
    • The government consists of the Senate and the House of Representatives

    Structure of the Senate

    • 24 senators elected by qualified voters
    • They serve 6-year terms and cannot serve more than two consecutive terms

    Requirements for becoming a Senator

    • Must be a natural-born Filipino citizen
    • Must be at least 35 years old on the election day
    • Must be able to read and write
    • Must be a registered voter
    • Must have been a resident of the Philippines for at least two years preceding the day of the election

    Structure of the House of Representatives

    • Composed of no more than 250 members
    • 20% of the total members must be "party-list" representatives
    • They serve 3-year terms

    Requirements for becoming a member of the House of Representatives

    • Must be a natural-born Filipino citizen
    • Able to read and write
    • Registered voter
    • At least 25 years old on the day of the election
    • Must be a resident of the Philippines for at least 1 year preceding the day of election

    President & Vice-President

    • Elected by direct vote for a term of 6 years
    • President cannot be re-elected

    The President's Powers

    • Appointment Power - President appoints heads of departments and other officials
    • Military Power - President is the Commander-in-Chief of all armed forces
    • Martial Law - Can be declared in case of invasion or rebellion
    • Budgetary Power - President can take out loans or guarantee loans for the country (with approval from the Monetary Board)

    Martial Law

    • President must present a report to Congress within 48 hours of declaring Martial Law
    • Can only last for up to 60 days, but Congress can extend it

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    Description

    Explore key political theories including the Divine Right, Force Theory, Social Contract, and Evolution Theory. This quiz also delves into the pre-colonial politics of the Philippines and the impact of Spanish policies on Filipino society.

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