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Questions and Answers
Which of the following social classes in the Philippines refers to Spaniards born in Spain who moved to the Philippines?
What was the Philippine Organic Act of 1902 also referred to as?
Which act removed the Philippine Commission as the legislative upper house?
Who established the Biak na Bato Republic?
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Which of the following groups includes wealthy native Filipinos?
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What is the role of the Datu in the law approval process?
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Which body has the ultimate authority to review proposed laws?
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What were 'superior decrees' issued by the governor-general?
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Who authored the 'Catálogo Alfabético de Apellidos'?
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What is the purpose of the tributo?
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What does the term 'polo y servicio' refer to?
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What was the function of the Audiencia?
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What is an alcaldÃa managed by?
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What does the divine rights theory of the state assert about leaders?
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According to the force theory, what is the basis for the formation of the state?
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What is the primary concept behind social contract theory as pioneered by Rousseau?
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What does evolution theory propose as the foundation of the state?
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What does a polystate nation represent?
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What characterizes a stateless nation?
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What does the term 'barangay' refer to in the context of early Filipino politics?
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Which theory posits that the state's strength relies on a combination of cultural and political aspects?
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What is the maximum number of consecutive terms a senator can serve in the Philippines?
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Which of the following is NOT a qualification for a senator in the Philippines?
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On which day are the elections for senators and members of the House of Representatives held in the Philippines?
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What term describes the legislative body composed of the Senate and the House of Representatives in the Philippines?
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How many senators are elected by qualified voters in the Philippines?
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What percentage of the House of Representatives' total members must come from party-list representatives?
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Which of the following functions does the legislative power in the Philippines NOT have?
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What is the total membership cap of the House of Representatives in the Philippines?
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What is the minimum age requirement for a person to be elected as President in the Philippines?
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Which power allows the President to call out armed forces to prevent lawless violence?
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What is the term limit for the President of the Philippines?
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What must the President do within 48 hours of proclaiming Martial Law?
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For how long can Martial Law be declared without congressional approval for extension?
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Which qualification is NOT required to be elected as President?
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What power allows the President to guarantee loans for the country?
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What is one consequence of Martial Law as described?
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Study Notes
Oldest Theory of the State
- The state was created by God
- Leaders are appointed by God
Force Theory
- The state was created through warfare and conquest
- Conquerors become leaders, conquered become subordinates
Social Contract Theory
- State is a result of a contract, man gives up freedom and privileges in exchange for protection
- Pioneered by John Jacques Rousseau
Evolution Theory
- State evolved from families who joined into larger groups (tribes, communities)
Pre-Colonial Politics
- Barangay was a type of early settlement
- The word "Barangay" comes from "balangay," the name of the sailboats that brought settlers from Borneo
- The leader of a barangay was the Datu who also commanded the armed forces
Spanish Policies in the Philippines
- Hispanicization of Names - This is when governor-general Narciso Claveria introduced the "Catálogo Alfabético de Apellidos" which gave Filipinos Spanish surnames
- Tributo - tax to be paid to the government
- Encomienda System - This system granted land by the king and queen of Spain, allowing the grantee to collect tribute from indigenous people living on the land
- Polo Y Servicio - This was a forced service or labour requirement imposed on Filipino men requiring them to work for the government for a period of time
- Bandala System - This was a monopoly system where indigenous people were forced to sell their products to the government at unfair prices
Local Government Units
- Alcalde Mayor - handled provinces
- Gobernadorcillo - handled towns
- Cabeza de Barangay - handled barangays
- Corregidor - handled the Corregimientos (unclassified/military areas in Philippines)
Social Classes in Spanish Era
- Peninsulares - Spaniards born in Spain who moved to the Philippines
- Insulares - Spaniards born and living in the Philippines
- Mestizo - Mixed-race Filipinos (half-Spanish, half-Filipino)
- Principalia - Wealthy native Filipinos
- Indio - Native Filipinos
Revolutionary Government
- General Emilio Aguinaldo established a dictatorial government
- This government lasted for two years
- The Biak na Bato Republic was established in 1897
American Influence
- American governor-general was given legislative power
- The Philippines had a bicameral legislature:
- Upper House (Philippine Commission)
- Lower House (Philippine Assembly)
Philippine Organic Act of 1902
- This law was also known as the Philippine Bill of 1902 or Cooper Act
- It was the first organic law enacted by the US Congress for the Philippines
Philippine Autonomy Act of 1916
- Also known as the Jones Law
- Removed the Philippine Commission (upper house) and replaced it with a Senate
Philippine Constitution
- The current constitution is the 1987 Constitution
- It was ratified by a nationwide plebiscite
- The government consists of the Senate and the House of Representatives
Structure of the Senate
- 24 senators elected by qualified voters
- They serve 6-year terms and cannot serve more than two consecutive terms
Requirements for becoming a Senator
- Must be a natural-born Filipino citizen
- Must be at least 35 years old on the election day
- Must be able to read and write
- Must be a registered voter
- Must have been a resident of the Philippines for at least two years preceding the day of the election
Structure of the House of Representatives
- Composed of no more than 250 members
- 20% of the total members must be "party-list" representatives
- They serve 3-year terms
Requirements for becoming a member of the House of Representatives
- Must be a natural-born Filipino citizen
- Able to read and write
- Registered voter
- At least 25 years old on the day of the election
- Must be a resident of the Philippines for at least 1 year preceding the day of election
President & Vice-President
- Elected by direct vote for a term of 6 years
- President cannot be re-elected
The President's Powers
- Appointment Power - President appoints heads of departments and other officials
- Military Power - President is the Commander-in-Chief of all armed forces
- Martial Law - Can be declared in case of invasion or rebellion
- Budgetary Power - President can take out loans or guarantee loans for the country (with approval from the Monetary Board)
Martial Law
- President must present a report to Congress within 48 hours of declaring Martial Law
- Can only last for up to 60 days, but Congress can extend it
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Description
Explore key political theories including the Divine Right, Force Theory, Social Contract, and Evolution Theory. This quiz also delves into the pre-colonial politics of the Philippines and the impact of Spanish policies on Filipino society.
