Political Systems Chapter 1
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Questions and Answers

Which political system prioritizes collective goals over individual goals?

  • Collectivism (correct)
  • Capitalism
  • Democracy
  • Individualism

    • According to the provided content, what is the primary characteristic of Communism?

  • Emphasis on individual rights
  • Revolution and totalitarian dictatorships (correct)
  • Free market economy
  • Limited government intervention in the economy

    • Which of the following is a key difference between Socialism and Capitalism?

  • Socialism focuses on individual ownership of resources, while Capitalism emphasizes collective ownership.
  • Socialism promotes free trade, while Capitalism restricts international trade.
  • Socialism prioritizes private enterprise, while Capitalism encourages government control over resources.
  • Socialism emphasizes government control over resources and distribution, while Capitalism focuses on private ownership and free markets. (correct)

    • What does the term 'transition economies' refer to?

    <p>Economies that are transitioning from a socialist to a capitalist system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main trigger for the protests in Hong Kong in 2019?

    <p>Proposed amendments allowing extradition of criminal suspects to mainland China.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Hong Kong case illustrate the tension between collectivism and individualism?

    <p>The government's actions reflected a collectivist approach, while the protests embodied individualistic ideals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a key characteristic of a democratic system?

    <p>Centralized control over resources and distribution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of how changes in political economies can impact businesses?

    <p>All of the above.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the core principle of individualism, as described in the text?

    <p>Individual freedom and self-expression are central.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a democratic political system?

    <p>A controlled and censored media</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which political philosophy emphasizes the importance of private property for economic progress?

    <p>Individualism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the text define 'collectivism' in relation to political systems?

    <p>A system where the interests of the state take precedence over individual interests.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key difference between democracy and totalitarianism?

    <p>Democracy prioritizes individual freedom while totalitarianism focuses on state control.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of a democratic political system, according to the text?

    <p>Centralized economic planning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the text characterize the relationship between individualism and economic self-interest?

    <p>Economic self-interest is an essential component of individualism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a central tenet of totalitarianism, as described in the text?

    <p>Suppression of individual rights and freedoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major political change occurred in many nation-states since the late 1980s?

    <p>Collapse of totalitarian governments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which economic model has gained momentum in many countries since the late 1980s?

    <p>Free market economic model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the spread of democracy since the late 1980s signify for individual liberties?

    <p>Enhancement of individual rights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding the end of the Cold War?

    <p>It contributed to the rise of democratic governments in former communist countries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible consequence of the transition to democracy in various nations?

    <p>Strengthening of democratic institutions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What overarching theme has emerged regarding global geopolitics after the Cold War?

    <p>Speculation regarding the future political landscape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Francis Fukuyama, the end of the Cold War might indicate what?

    <p>The triumph of democratic ideals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be inferred about the global economy following the democratic trends observed since the late 1980s?

    <p>The rise of free market practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Political Systems

    • Social Democrats advocate for socialism through democratic means
    • Individualism is a political system that prioritizes individual interests over those of the state
    • Aristotle (384-322 BC) believed that private property is more productive than communal property, promoting progress
    • Individualism has two central tenets: individual freedom and self-expression (John Stuart Mill), and allowing people to pursue their own economic self-interest (Adam Smith)

    Democracy and Totalitarianism

    • Democracy is a political system where people elect representatives to form the government
    • Democracy demands:
      • Freedom of expression
      • Free media
      • Regular elections
      • Limited terms for representatives
      • Fair court system
      • Non-political police and army
    • Totalitarianism is a system where constitutional guarantees, such as individual rights, free media, and regular elections, are denied to citizens

    States in Transition

    • Since the late 1980s, there has been a trend towards democratic revolutions, replacing totalitarian governments with democratically elected ones
    • There has been a shift towards a more free market economic model, away from centrally planned and mixed economies
    • Francis Fukuyama argues that the end of the Cold War and the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union may be witnessing the end of history

    Country Differences

    • Hong Kong protests in 2019 and 2020 were sparked by proposed amendments allowing extraditions to mainland China and demands for wider democratic reforms

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    Description

    This quiz covers the basics of political systems, including individualism and collectivism, and their implications on the state and private property.

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