Political Science: State Power & Definition
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Questions and Answers

Define the term 'state'.

A defined sovereign territory that governs itself, utilizes legitimate force to govern, reaches into the citizens' lives through bureaucratic powers, and claims the monopoly of the legitimate use of physical force.

What are the two contrasting types of state power according to the sociologist?

Despotic power and infrastructural power.

What is despotic power of the state?

The ability of the state to enforce decisions without input from society.

Which of the following are examples of despotic power?

<p>Coercion (A), Police (B), Military (C), Surveillance (F), Centralized authority (G)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is infrastructural power of the state?

<p>The state's capacity to penetrate society and effectively enforce policies through institutions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are examples of infrastructural power?

<p>Police (A), Transparent governance (B), Strong institutions like courts (C), Rule through legitimacy (D), Taxation (E), Administration (F), Public engagement (G), Legal accountability (H), Democratic participation (J), Capacity to implement policies across society (K)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is the state separate and distinct from civil society and nation?

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason for the formation of modern European states?

<p>The threat of war.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following were features of the formation of modern European states?

<p>Position based on meritocracy (A), Professional army (B), Strategies for military and governance (C), Taxation (E), Population control (F), Power consolidation among monarchs (G), Establishment of officials to manage finances (H)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between imperialism and colonialism?

<p>While both involve exerting control over another country, colonialism entails physical occupation, settlement, and often the removal of the original population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the similarities between totalitarian and authoritarian regimes?

<p>Leader being above the law (C), Censorship (D), Centralization of power (E), Limited political participation (F), State-controlled media (G)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define 'totalitarianism'.

<p>Total control over politics, society, economy, and personal beliefs, with a rigid state ideology dictating all aspects of life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define 'liberal democracy'.

<p>A political system combining democratic governance with the protection of individual rights and freedoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define 'welfare state'.

<p>A government system providing social and economic protections to its citizens through public services to ensure social security, wealth distribution, and a minimum standard of living.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define 'nation'.

<p>A group of people who see themselves as a people, an &quot;imagined community&quot; with a shared identity and sense of belonging.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Can there be more than one nation within a state?

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are 'political nations'?

<p>Nations whose identity and culture are based on political allegiance and shared views on governance and social norms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define 'nation-state'.

<p>A state that encompasses only one nation, with a unified culture and identity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are governments best described?

<p>Regimes of power at any given moment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the state from the government?

<p>The state is a permanent political entity with defined territory, population, government, and sovereignty, while the government is a temporary authority that runs the state, makes and enforces laws, and is typically composed of elected officials.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Define State

A defined sovereign territory which governs itself and monopolizes legitimate use of force.

Despotic Power

State's ability to enforce decisions without societal input, typical in authoritarian regimes.

Infrastructural Power

State's ability to effectively enforce policies and penetrate society through institutions.

Examples of Despotic Power

Centralized authority, coercion, and lack of checks and balances.

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Examples of Infrastructural Power

Strong institutions like courts and police enabling policy enforcement and public participation.

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State vs Civil Society

The state is distinct from civil society and the nation.

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Modern European State Formation

Created by war threats leading to professional armies and centralized power.

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Imperialism vs Colonialism

Imperialism exerts control without settlement, colonialism involves occupation and settlement.

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Totalitarian Regime

Total control over all aspects of life, including politics and personal beliefs.

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Authoritarian Regime

Control over political power with some social and economic freedoms.

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Liberal Democracy

Political system combining democratic governance with protection of rights and freedoms.

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Welfare State

Government system providing social and economic protections to ensure minimum living standards.

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Nation

A group of people sharing a common identity and sense of community distinct from others.

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Multiple Nations in a State

Yes, multiple nations can exist within one state.

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Political Nations

Identities based on political allegiance and shared governance views.

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Nation State

A state predominantly occupied by one nation, like Japan.

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Governments Defined

Regimes of power at any given moment.

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State vs Government

The state is a permanent entity; the government is temporary authority managing it.

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Nationalism

Strong pride and devotion to one's country, often implying sacrifice for it.

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Legitimacy in Power

Acceptance of authority by the governed; important for state power.

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Political Allegiance

Commitment to a political entity based on shared beliefs and rules.

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Total Control

The characteristic of totalitarian regimes dictating all societal aspects.

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Checks and Balances

Systems in place to prevent abuse of power within governance.

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Civil Liberties

Fundamental individual rights protected from government infringement.

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Sovereignty

The authority of a state to govern itself without external interference.

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Taxation in Modern States

A means for states to fund governance and services.

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Meritocracy in Governance

Positions earned based on merit rather than birthright.

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Study Notes

State Definition & Power

  • A state is a sovereign territory with the authority to govern itself. It uses legitimate force to rule and has the power to interfere in its citizens' lives via bureaucracies.
  • The state claims a monopoly on the legitimate use of force.

Despotic vs. Infrastructural State Power

  • Despotic power: The state's ability to make and enforce decisions without societal input. This often involves authoritarian control.
  • Examples of despotic power: Centralized authority, lack of checks and balances, coercion (military, police), surveillance, weak societal influence.
  • Infrastructural power: The state's ability to influence society through institutions.
  • Examples of infrastructural power: Strong institutions (courts, police, taxation), capacity to implement policies effectively, public engagement, democratic processes, and clear systems of governance and accountability. This power works through legitimacy.

State vs. Civil Society/Nation

  • The state is separate and distinct from civil society and the nation.

Modern European State Formation

  • Modern European states emerged from the need for war preparation. This necessitated:
    • Professional armies
    • Taxation
    • Population control
    • Consolidation of power into monarchies
    • Officials to manage finances & strategies
    • Merit-based positions rather than birthright.

Imperialism vs. Colonialism

  • Both involve exerting control over other countries, but
  • Colonialism includes physical occupation, settlement, and often displacement of the original population.

Totalitarian vs. Authoritarian Regimes

  • Both consolidate power, limit citizen participation, and control state media. They suppress freedom of speech and assembly. Leaders are above the law.
  • Totalitarian Regimes: Total control over politics, society, economics, and personal beliefs and ideology. Strict oppression, violence, murder, cult-like following of a leader
  • Authoritarian Regimes: Control over political power but allow some social and economic freedoms. Relies on a single ruling party/dictatorship/monarchy.

Liberal Democracy

  • A political system combining democratic governance with individual rights and freedoms.
  • Key tenets: Fair elections, government accountable to the law, and protection of freedoms like speech, press, religion, assembly.

Welfare States

  • Governments providing social and economic protections to citizens—social security, wealth distribution, and minimal standards of living.

Nation

  • A group of people identifying as a distinct unit, with shared identity and a sense of common culture and belonging. This is an imagined community.

Multiple Nations in a State

  • It is possible for a state to contain more than one nation.

Political Nations

  • Nations based on political allegiance & agreement on the rules and how to live.

Nation-State

  • A rare case of a state containing only one distinct nation. (e.g., Japan).

Governments & Regimes

  • Governments are regimes of power (the current ruling structure) at any given moment.

State & Government Differences

  • State: Permanent political entity (territory, population, government, sovereignty).
  • Government: Temporary authority running the state, making and enforcing laws, often elected officials.

Nationalism

  • Strong devotion to, and pride in, one's country. It often promotes national unity and citizens might even willingly sacrifice for it.

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Description

Explore the concepts of state definition and the distinctions between despotic and infrastructural power. This quiz delves into how states govern and maintain authority over their citizens, and the contrasting ways in which power can be applied within society.

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