Political Science: Power, Authority, and Legitimacy
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Questions and Answers

What is the foundation of authority according to the given information?

  • The material benefits received
  • The emotional connection with the leader
  • The constraint of achieving one's will
  • The legitimacy of the power holder (correct)

    • What is the guarantee of achieving one's will according to the constraint mentioned?

  • Material benefits received
  • Absence or insufficiency of legitimacy (correct)
  • Legitimacy of the power holder
  • Emotional connection with the leader

    • What did Max Webber mean by saying that the concept of power is sociologically amorphous?

  • The concept of power is vague and lacks clear definition (correct)
  • The concept of power is very clear and easy to understand
  • The concept of power is not important in political science
  • The concept of power is only relevant in economics

    • What is the main problem with the concept of power according to Colin Hay?

    <p>It is too vague and lacks clear definition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ideal-type according to Max Weber?

    <p>A set of abstract concepts derived from observation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do individuals show a minimum of will to obey according to the text?

    <p>For a variety of reasons including habit, emotional, material, and ideal reasons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the central notion in political science?

    <p>Power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the dual resource in every power relation according to the text?

    <p>Legitimacy and constraint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who defined power as the ability of a person A to get a person B to do something they would not have done without the intervention of A?

    <p>Robert Dahl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the substantialist approach and the institutionalist approach to power?

    <p>The substantialist approach sees power as a possession, while the institutionalist approach sees power as a set of rules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is fundamental to the stability of power according to the text?

    <p>The legitimacy of the power holder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do individuals obey authority according to Max Weber?

    <p>Due to various reasons including material, emotional, and ideal reasons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of the relational approach to power?

    <p>The social relation between individuals or groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who wrote about the invisible power linked to the internalization of constraint?

    <p>Steven Lukes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the ideal-type help to do according to Max Weber?

    <p>Compare different social phenomena</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of understanding power in political science?

    <p>It is essential because it is a central notion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basis of traditional authority?

    <p>Customs and habits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when traditional authority is not exercised in accordance with tradition?

    <p>The legitimacy of the authority will vanish</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of charismatic authority?

    <p>It is linked to an individual's exceptional quality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nature of legal-rational authority?

    <p>It is a form of domination that depersonalizes the exercise of power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a charismatic leader's disappearance?

    <p>The authority disappears and we go back to a traditional or legal-rational type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of rulers in a legal-rational system?

    <p>They submit themselves to the rules they instore and abide by higher principles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between traditional and legal-rational authority?

    <p>Traditional authority is based on customs, while legal-rational authority is based on written rules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the juridicisation of power relations in a legal-rational system?

    <p>To depersonalize the exercise of power and make it more predictable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of traditional domination?

    <p>It is based on habits and customs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a feature of legal-rational domination in democratic societies?

    <p>It relies on habits, but is also codified.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a specificity of political power?

    <p>It is exercised over the whole of society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of political power?

    <p>It defines the prerogatives and limits of all powers in society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is necessary for the exercise of political power?

    <p>It must result in physical constraint.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the State in modern societies?

    <p>It is the embodiment of political power.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a feature of State sanctions?

    <p>They are decided by political institutions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of political power in modern societies?

    <p>It is institutionalized in State structures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the implication of the phrase 'the personal is political'?

    <p>Revealing the political character of personal matters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of the new fields of study in political science?

    <p>Family, sexuality, and class, in addition to traditional topics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the concept of patriarchy?

    <p>It highlights the social relations of power and domination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the State in our social realities?

    <p>To determine fundamental aspects of our lives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of the State's decisions on our lives?

    <p>Determines time changes, holidays, and education</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of naturalization in power dynamics?

    <p>It presents certain groups as naturally unfit for power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of the relational approach to power?

    <p>The analysis of power structures and relations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of self-discipline in power dynamics?

    <p>Consent to domination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Power, Authority, and Legitimacy

    • Max Weber (1921) and Colin Hay (2002) emphasize the importance of understanding power in political science, despite its vague concept.

    Approaches to Power

    • Plural approach:
      • Substantialist approach: power is something that can be possessed or lost, and can be exercised.
      • Institutional approach: power is linked to the state and institutions, with a legal definition and rules.
      • Relational approach: power is a relation between individuals or groups, always "over" someone.

    Relational Approach to Power

    • Robert Dahl (1961): power is the ability to get someone to do something they wouldn't do without intervention.
    • Peter Bachrach and Morton Baratz (1962): power is the ability to prevent someone from doing something.
    • Steven Lukes (1974): power includes invisible power linked to internalized constraints.

    Legitimacy and Authority

    • Legitimacy is fundamental to the stability of power, and is based on belief.
    • Ideal-type authority, according to Max Weber, is a set of abstract concepts derived from observation and sociological analysis.

    Types of Legitimate Authority

    • Traditional authority: derives from customs, habit, and tradition.
    • Legal-rational authority: exercise of power is organized by written rules, depersonalizing the exercise of power.
    • Charismatic authority: linked to an individual's exceptional qualities, often in exceptional or transitory situations.

    Political Power

    • Specificities of political power:
      • Exercised on the whole of society.
      • Defines the prerogatives and limits of all powers in society.
      • May result in sanctions, including physical constraint.
    • Political power tends to become institutionalized in State structures in modern societies.

    Conclusion: A Gendered Perspective on Power

    • The "personal is political" implies that political power and domination are also deployed in the private sphere.
    • The conceptualization of "patriarchy" and the consideration of new questions as legitimate fields of study for political science.

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    Part 1.2 - 3-6 PDF - Political Sciences Past Paper

    Description

    This quiz explores the concept of power in political science, including the views of Max Weber and Colin Hay on its significance and challenges in understanding.

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