Political Science: Nomination Process Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the role of the FBI in the nomination process?

  • Facilitate the oath of office for judges
  • Perform a background check on nominees (correct)
  • Conduct a public hearing on candidates
  • Provide a list of judges for nomination

What happens after the Senate Judiciary Committee votes on a nominee?

  • The nominee is automatically confirmed
  • The committee sends a recommendation to the full Senate (correct)
  • The candidate is re-evaluated for a new nomination
  • The nominee holds a press conference

Why do judges serve life terms, and how does it impact their rulings?

  • It ensures they can retire at an older age
  • It allows them to change the law through tenure
  • It prevents them from being influenced by political factors (correct)
  • It restricts them from hearing controversial cases

What is the primary belief of libertarianism?

<p>Focus on individual and business rights with minimal government (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which demographic is reported to vote the most?

<p>Wealthy whites (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of adjusting congressional districts based on population changes called?

<p>Redistricting (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is gerrymandering?

<p>Redrawing district lines to benefit a specific party (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group tends to vote more liberally?

<p>Educated young people (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What demographic characteristics are measured during the Census?

<p>Income, education, race, and gender (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group has historically been noted to vote less frequently?

<p>Young and uneducated individuals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary issue at stake in the McCulloch vs. Maryland case?

<p>Whether the state had the authority to tax a national bank (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Supreme Court's ruling in McCulloch vs. Maryland?

<p>The Bank of the United States did not have to pay Maryland state taxes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which clause gives the federal government the authority to regulate interstate commerce?

<p>Commerce Clause (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Take Care Clause require of the president?

<p>To enforce all laws passed by Congress (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Full Faith and Credit Clause ensure?

<p>States honor public acts and judicial proceedings from other states (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What requirement does the Privileges and Immunities Clause impose on states?

<p>States have to provide the same privileges to all citizens, regardless of their home state (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the Bill of Rights?

<p>The first ten amendments guaranteeing individual rights (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect did the McCulloch vs. Maryland ruling have on the concept of nullification?

<p>It invalidated the idea that states could nullify federal laws (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the powers of the president as Commander in Chief?

<p>Head of the Army and Navy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a power of the president as Chief Executive of the Government?

<p>Initiate constitutional amendments (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is required for the president to make treaties?

<p>Approval from the Senate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long does the president have to justify troop deployment under the War Powers Act?

<p>48 hours (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the presidential veto is correct?

<p>It can be overridden by 2/3 of Congress (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under what condition can the president send troops anywhere in the world?

<p>If Congress authorizes it or during a national emergency (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Cabinet consist of?

<p>Heads of major federal agencies confirmed by the Senate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which power allows the president to bypass Congress regarding a bill?

<p>Pocket veto (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which era did the federal government first take significant responsibility for social welfare?

<p>Federal Era (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which program was established under FDR's New Deal?

<p>Social Security (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a primary belief of Reagan regarding welfare during his administration?

<p>Welfare created dependency on the state. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following programs was established during the Great Society?

<p>Medicaid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a characteristic of the Block Grant Era from 1995 to 2010?

<p>Return of welfare responsibility to the states. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the State Sponsored Era, which level of government primarily dealt with social problems?

<p>State governments (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which key social issue was NOT addressed by state laws during the State Sponsored Era?

<p>Universal healthcare (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the focus of welfare policy during the Safety Net Era?

<p>Reducing welfare to a basic safety net (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of governments concerning deficits and debt?

<p>To avoid spending more than they make and manage debt (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does opportunity cost represent in economic decision-making?

<p>The most valued alternative forgone when a choice is made (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Law of Supply indicate about producer behavior as prices increase?

<p>The quantity supplied increases as prices rise (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the Law of Demand describe consumer behavior when prices decrease?

<p>The quantity demanded tends to increase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the critical roles of maintaining a balance between supply and demand?

<p>To stabilize product prices (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is referred to as monetary policy?

<p>Actions taken by the Federal Reserve to control the economy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during inflation in an economy?

<p>The value of money falls due to excessive currency in circulation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does the Federal Reserve have independence in setting monetary policy?

<p>To prevent political influences on economic stability (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

McCulloch v. Maryland

The Supreme Court ruled that the Bank of the United States was a national institution and didn't have to follow Maryland state law. This case overturned the idea of nullification, which meant that states could override federal laws.

Interstate Commerce Clause

This clause allows Congress to regulate commerce that takes place across state lines. It justifies many federal laws, such as the Civil Rights Act.

Take Care Clause

This clause mandates that the president must enforce all laws passed by Congress.

Full Faith and Credit Clause

This clause requires states to respect and enforce the laws and court decisions of other states.

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Privileges and Immunities Clause

This clause ensures that states offer the same privileges and immunities to all citizens, regardless of their state of residence.

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Bill of Rights

The first ten amendments to the Constitution, which safeguard individual and states' rights.

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What does the Interstate Commerce Clause Do?

This clause grants the federal government the power to regulate commerce between different states.

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What does the Take Care Clause mean?

The president must enforce all laws passed by Congress. This means they have to make sure that all laws are followed and obeyed.

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Libertarianism

Belief in minimal government intervention, prioritizing individual rights and business freedom, with little to no regulation of industry.

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Demographics

Characteristics of a population based on factors like income, education, race, and gender.

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Demographic Trends

Changes in how people of different socio-economic backgrounds vote, closely monitored by politicians.

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The Census

A national count of the total population, ethnic groups, religions, and voting patterns, conducted every 10 years.

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Redistricting

Redrawing congressional districts based on population changes after each Census.

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Reapportionment

State legislatures adjusting the size of state congressional districts after each Census.

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Gerrymandering

Manipulating district boundaries to benefit a specific political party by drawing districts based on resident demographics.

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Voting Behavior

Decreased voter turnout since 1960 due to the complex and challenging voter registration process.

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Commander in Chief

The President's power to direct the military, including the Army and Navy, and the National Guard, to carry out their duties.

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Chief Executive

The President's role in ensuring that laws are carried out. This includes overseeing federal agencies and enforcing laws.

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Presidential Veto

A formal rejection of a bill passed by Congress, preventing it from becoming law. It can be overturned by a two-thirds vote in both the House and Senate.

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The Cabinet

A group of advisors who help the President make decisions and carry out their responsibilities. Each member heads a specific government department, like the Department of Defense or the Department of State.

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Granting Pardons

The power of the President to offer forgiveness and release someone from legal punishment for a crime.

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Nominations for Federal Positions

The President's responsibility to nominate individuals for positions in the federal court system and the Cabinet. These nominations must be confirmed by the Senate.

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President's Power to Send Troops

The President's power to send troops into military action anywhere in the world with Congressional authorization or during a national emergency.

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State of the Union

The President's annual address to Congress, outlining their agenda and priorities for the coming year.

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How does the president select a federal judge nominee?

The president's role in the nomination process for federal judges includes selecting a nominee from a pool of possible candidates. This involves considering their background, prior legal experience, and political views. The president may also consult with senators from the district where the judge will serve.

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What role does the Senate Judiciary Committee have in the judge nomination process?

The Senate Judiciary Committee reviews the nominee's qualifications and legal record, and holds hearings where they ask the nominee questions. Interest groups can also advocate for or against the nominee during this process.

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How does the full Senate confirm a federal judge nominee?

The full Senate debates the nominee's qualifications and votes on their confirmation. A simple majority vote is required for confirmation.

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Why are federal judges appointed for life?

Federal judges serve life terms, meaning they are not subject to the pressures of elections or political appointments. This allows them to make decisions based on the law and not worry about political repercussions.

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What is a writ of certiorari?

The Supreme Court is the highest court in the United States. To apply for review of a case by the Supreme Court, individuals must file a writ of certiorari and pay a fee of $300.

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Supply

The amount of money producers are willing to sell at a given price.

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Demand

The amount of money consumers are willing to purchase at a given price.

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Law of Supply

The idea that as prices increase, producers are willing to offer more of a good or service.

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Law of Demand

The idea that as prices decrease, consumers are willing to purchase more of a good or service.

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Opportunity Cost

The most valued alternative given up due to a decision.

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Monetary Policy

Actions by the Federal Reserve to promote growth and control the money supply.

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Inflation

Too much currency in circulation, leading to a decrease in the value of money.

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Reserve Requirement

An amount of funds that banks are required by the Federal Reserve to set aside and not loan out.

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State Era (1789-1932)

During this time, states took the lead in providing welfare programs. The federal government did not play a significant role.

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Federal Era (1932-1980)

The federal government took on a more prominent role in welfare, particularly after the Great Depression.

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Safety Net Era (1980s)

The focus shifted to creating a 'safety net' for those in need, with a reduction in welfare spending, especially under President Reagan.

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Block Grant Era (1995-2010)

Federal programs were replaced by block grants provided to states, giving states greater control over welfare programs.

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What happened during the Federal Era?

The federal government expanded its role, enacting large-scale programs like Social Security, Medicare, and Medicaid.

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What was the role of the federal government during the State Era?

States had primary responsibility for providing welfare, with the federal government taking a backseat.

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What was the main focus of the Safety Net Era?

The focus shifted to reducing welfare dependency, moving towards a minimalist approach.

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What were the effects of the Block Grant Era?

The federal government returned some responsibility to states, giving them more power to design and implement their welfare programs.

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Study Notes

Constitutional Underpinnings

  • Direct Democracy involves citizens voting directly on government decisions
  • Representative Democracy (a republic) involves citizens electing officials to make decisions
  • Magna Carta (1215) was the first attempt to limit British King's power, guaranteeing rights to people
  • Enlightenment Philosophers (Locke and Rousseau) developed Social Contract Theory, stating people agree to be governed
  • Consent of the Governed is the principle that rulers depend on the people's approval
  • Natural Rights (life, liberty, and property, later pursuit of happiness) are inherent to all people
  • The Declaration of Independence was based on life, liberty, pursuit of happiness, consent of the governed, and social contract theory. It justified the American Revolution
  • Common Good emphasizes actions benefiting the nation
  • Popular Sovereignty states that ultimate authority lies with the people.
  • Majority Rule suggests government is run by the majority's will
  • Articles of Confederation: A weak association of states with no central executive power and no federal power to tax citizens
  • No federal power to tax citizens directly
  • Federal government could raise an army, declare war, run the postal service but not pay for it, or print money
  • Federal government had to have 9 out of 13 states for a law to pass.
  • Shays' Rebellion in Massachusetts (1786-1787) highlighted the weaknesses of the central government in response to economy problems and mortgage foreclosures
  • Constitutional Convention (1787) created a new constitution
  • Representative Democracy: people elect representatives to make laws, supported by the delegates
  • Three branches of government: executive, legislative, and judicial, were supported

Federalist vs Anti-Federalist Debate

  • Debate between Federalists (e.g., Hamilton, Madison) supported a strong central government and Anti-Federalists (opposed) who feared too much national power
  • Federalist Papers, written by Madison, Hamilton, and Jay, argued in favor of the Constitution
  • Federalist Paper #10 addressed the importance of factions in a large republic
  • Federalist Paper #51 discussed checks and balances and separation of powers
  • Weaknesses in the Articles of Confederation: Congress couldn't tax, regulate interstate commerce, or enforce laws; no national court system
  • Solutions to these problems were provided by the Constitution: The national government gained power to tax, regulate interstate commerce, and enforce laws; it created a national court system.

Federalism

  • Federalism divides powers between federal and state governments.
  • Confederacies have weak central governments
  • Unitary systems have strong central governments with limited state powers
  • Dual/Layer Cake Federalism(1789-1932) is characterized by separate powers between state and federal government
  • Cooperative/Marble Cake Federalism (since 1932) involves shared powers between state and federal governments
  • Fiscal Federalism involves money transfer between the federal and state/local governments through grants
  • Categorical grants are specific purpose grants.
  • Block grants are broad grants
  • Revenue sharing involves federal sharing of revenue with states
  • Mandates are requirements states must meet if they accept federal funds.
  • Devolution returns power to the states.

Federal Powers

  • Express powers are specifically listed in the Constitution
  • Implied powers are derived from the Necessary and Proper Clause (elastic clause)
  • Inherent powers are not explicitly listed but belong to the national government because of its existence

Denied Powers

  • Powers explicitly denied to the government include suspending habeas corpus, passing bills of attainder, and enacting ex post facto laws.

Supreme Clause

  • Federal law is superior to state law

Checks and Balances

  • Each branch of government has some power over the others
  • Legislative Branch:
    • Approves budget, passes laws, can impeach/remove president and judges
  • Executive Branch:
    • Can veto laws, appoints judges, makes treaties
  • Judicial Branch:
    • Interprets laws, can declare laws unconstitutional

Constitutional Amendments

  • First 10 amendments to the Constitution form the Bill of Rights (Amendments 1-10). These amendments protect individual and states' rights.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the nomination process in political science. This quiz covers topics such as the role of the FBI, senatorial courtesy, and gerrymandering. Dive into the intricacies of voting behaviors and the impact of judges serving life terms.

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