Political Science: Defining the State
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Questions and Answers

What is a key characteristic that defines a state in terms of power?

  • Economic prosperity
  • Legitimate use of violence (correct)
  • Geographic expansion
  • Cultural homogeneity
  • Which of the following best describes an exception to the definition of a state due to territory issues?

  • Northern Cyprus created by Turks (correct)
  • France's transition to democracy
  • Switzerland establishing federation
  • Republic of Ireland achieving independence
  • What aspect is essential to the concept of sovereignty in a state?

  • Cultural influence
  • Presence of a strong military
  • Control over its internal and external affairs (correct)
  • Economic stability
  • How does the rule of law contribute to state building?

    <p>It ensures accountability to laws (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following illustrates a form of state building through conquest?

    <p>German unification (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what aspect do modern and historical roles of religion in state differ?

    <p>Religion was formerly a private matter, now seen publicly (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'centralization' refer to in the context of state evolution?

    <p>Consolidating authority within a single governing body (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do judges and institutions play in building state power?

    <p>They help establish power independent of the monarch (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant change occurred in France due to the French revolutions?

    <p>Transition to democracy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which example illustrates a country achieving independence?

    <p>Norway and the Republic of Ireland (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism contributes to the consolidation of state rule?

    <p>Rationalization of institutions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what scenario is a centralized organization notably absent?

    <p>Bosnia Herzegovina (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How were institutions viewed in the evolution of the state?

    <p>As essential functions of governance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country exhibits a strong influence of religion despite its formal separation from the state?

    <p>Poland (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key factor in establishing a federation or confederation?

    <p>Voluntary association of states (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    State's legitimate violence

    A state's right to use force is limited to authorized purposes and is subject to the rule of law.

    State's defined territory

    A state has clear geographic boundaries.

    State sovereignty

    A state's freedom from external control in its own territory.

    State's population

    The citizens or people within a state's territory.

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    Rule of Law

    Everyone is accountable to publicly declared and equally enforced laws.

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    State's centralized organization

    A state has a structured system of power and administration.

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    State building: Absolutism

    A method of state building where the ruler has absolute power.

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    State building: Independence

    States originate from the act of separating and becoming free from other countries.

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    Right to Torture

    States have a right to use violence, but it must be authorized and limited by law. Torture is a violation of this right, meaning states are not allowed to use it.

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    State Sovereignty Exceptions

    While states usually have full control within their defined territory, there can be exceptions. This is seen in cases like Cyprus, where the Turkish Cypriots created a self-declared state within its territory.

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    Public vs. Private Life

    Distinct lines exist between what's considered a state's concern (public) and what individuals can freely decide (private). However, this line can blur, as seen with sexuality now being used for public scandal.

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    State Building: Judge's Role

    Another way to build a state is through strong, independent judges and institutions. It's how England created a powerful state against a monarch, with a strong judicial system.

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    State Building: Confederation vs. Federation

    States can be formed through unions of existing states. A Confederation is a loose union, states keep most of their power. A Federation has a central government with more power over the member states.

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    State Building: Conquest or Unification

    Another method of state building involves conquering or unifying existing regions into one state. This is how Germany and Italy became nation-states.

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    State Legitimization

    Building a strong state involves not just power, but also legitimacy. People must accept the state's authority as justified and valid.

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    Study Notes

    Defining the State

    • Legitimate use of violence (power)
    • Right to use force, excluding torture
    • Defined territory
    • Exceptions: Cyprus (Turks creating Northern Cyprus)
    • Sovereignty
    • Population (citizenship, nationhood)
    • Rule of law: laws publicly promulgated and equally enforced, with centralized organization.
    • Exceptions: Bosnia Herzegovina
    • Differentiation of public and private life
    • Religion: once public matter, now not used for potentially public scandal
    • Sexual orientation: once private, now potentially used for public scandal
    • Religion: separated or not? (e.g., UK and Denmark not separated, Poland church influential but separate from the state on paper)

    Foundation for State Building

    • (No specific bullet points)

    Creation of a State (Daalder)

    • Absolutist rule: builds independent power via army and bureaucracy (France)
    • French revolutions: transition to democracy
    • Judges and institutions: strong enough to challenge the monarch (e.g., England)
    • Establishing federations or confederations (e.g., Switzerland)
    • Conquest or unification (e.g., Germany, Italy)
    • Birth of nation states
    • Achieving independence (e.g., Ireland)

    Evolution of the State

    • Consolidation of rule (legitimacy)
    • Rationalization of rule
    • Centralization, hierarchy, institutions
    • Institutions as a new function (e.g., education)
    • Extension of rule (maintaining power)
    • Defense of the state (creating an army)

    Nationhood and Citizenship

    • Nation (invisible tie, age of enlightenment):
      • Religion, tradition, language
      • Western Europe: similar territorial nations, multi-ethnic empires
      • Pluralism
    • Post-communist era:
      • Nation within borders, lacking citizenship (stateless people)
      • Membership within a nation outside the country

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    Description

    This quiz delves into the essential components that define a state, including sovereignty, legitimate use of violence, and the rule of law. It also explores the impact of various historical examples and exceptions, such as Northern Cyprus and Bosnia Herzegovina, on the understanding of statehood. Test your knowledge on how states are constructed and the role of religion and sexual orientation in public life.

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