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নিম্নের মধ্যে, নিরাপত্তা-এর বিষয়ে উল্লেখ করা হয়েছে?
আন্তরাষ্ট্রীয় সিদ্ধান্তের মেয়াদ, _____?
আন্তর্জাতিক সম্পর্কের মধ্যে অনার্কির বিষয়টি কী?
নিরাপ-নিধন! নিরাপ-নিধন!
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পাবলিক পলিসির মৌলিক ধারণাগুলির মধ্যে কোনটি সঠিক?
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নীতির উপ-ফিল্ড-গুলির মধ্যে কোনটি?
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নীতির অনুৎনাদনের জন্য সরকারের ব্যাবহারিত নীতি-নির্ধারন-ের মাধ্যমে?
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নীড়ো-নীড়, নীড়ো-нীড় -ের মাধ্যমে
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অন্তর্বর্তী তত্ত্বটি কোনটি?
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রাষ্ট্রের অনূরাগ, অনুশাসন, অনুসরণের দায়িত্বের এই শাসনাধীনতা গুরুর ধারনা?
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রাষ্ট্রের চিরন্যায্যা, Sovereignty, কি?
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সামাজিক, আর্থিক, এবং পরিবেশের সমস্যা-গুলি ঠিক করার জন্য, Public Policy কি?
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Liberalism, Realism, Constructivism-er common characteristic?
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Political Theory-r key concept - State, Sovereignty, Political Obligation, Justice - ki?
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Constructivism kake focus kore?
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Realism, Liberalism, Constructivism: ki tader shobbai ekoi ki?
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Political science-er key concepts holo ki?
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Political science-kar subfield holo ki?
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Study Notes
Political Science: Understanding the Basics
Political science is a social science that studies the institutions, organizations, and processes by which governments are formed and sustained, and the political behavior of individuals and groups. It encompasses a wide range of subtopics, including international relations, political theory, public policy, political institutions and processes, and comparative politics.
International Relations
International relations is the study of the relationships between states and other political entities, as well as the interactions between these entities at the global level. This subfield of political science examines topics such as diplomacy, international law, international organizations, and international security. Key concepts in international relations include:
- Anarchy: The lack of a central authority in the international system, which leads to competition and conflict between states.
- Realism: A theory that emphasizes the role of power and national interests in international relations.
- Liberalism: A theory that emphasizes the importance of international institutions and cooperation in promoting peace and stability.
- Constructivism: A theory that focuses on the role of ideas and norms in shaping international relations.
Political Theory
Political theory is the study of the fundamental questions of political science, such as the nature of the state, the origin of political obligation, the justification of political power, and the evaluation of political institutions and processes. Theorists in this field draw on a variety of philosophical traditions, including liberalism, Marxism, and republicanism, to analyze and interpret political concepts. Key concepts in political theory include:
- State: A political entity with a centralized government, exercising authority over a specific territory and population.
- Sovereignty: The supreme authority of a state in its own territory, which cannot be challenged by other states.
- Political Obligation: The duty of individuals to obey the state and contribute to its welfare.
- Justice: The moral principles guiding the distribution of goods and services in society, and the resolution of disputes.
Public Policy
Public policy is the study of how governments develop and implement policies to address social, economic, and environmental issues. This subfield of political science examines the policy-making process, the impact of policies on society, and the role of politics in shaping policy outcomes. Key concepts in public policy include:
- Policy Cycle: The series of stages through which a policy passes, from agenda-setting to implementation and evaluation.
- Policy Sub-Fields: The various areas of public policy, such as healthcare, education, and environmental policy.
- Policy Actors: The individuals and groups involved in the policy-making process, including government officials, interest groups, and the public.
- Policy Instruments: The tools used by governments to implement policies, such as taxes, subsidies, and regulations.
Political Institutions and Processes
Political institutions and processes is the study of the formal and informal structures through which political decisions are made and implemented. This subfield of political science examines the role of legislatures, executive branches, courts, and other political actors in shaping political outcomes. Key concepts in political institutions and processes include:
- Legislative Branch: The branch of government responsible for making laws, typically composed of a legislative assembly and a cabinet.
- Executive Branch: The branch of government responsible for enforcing laws and implementing policy, typically led by a head of state or government.
- Judicial Branch: The branch of government responsible for interpreting laws and resolving disputes, typically led by a supreme court or constitutional court.
- Political Parties: Organized groups of individuals seeking to influence political decision-making and shape policy outcomes.
Comparative Politics
Comparative politics is the study of political systems and processes in different countries, using a cross-national perspective to identify similarities and differences. This subfield of political science focuses on the comparative analysis of political institutions, political behavior, and policy outcomes across various political systems. Key concepts in comparative politics include:
- Political Systems: The formal and informal structures through which political power is exercised and decisions are made, such as presidential systems, parliamentary systems, and authoritarian systems.
- Political Culture: The shared values, beliefs, and practices that shape political behavior and decision-making in a given society.
- Political Economy: The analysis of the interplay between politics and economics, focusing on the impact of economic factors on political institutions and processes.
- Regional Studies: The examination of political dynamics within specific geographic regions, such as Europe, Asia, or the Americas.
In conclusion, political science is a complex and multifaceted field that encompasses a wide range of subtopics, each offering unique insights into the workings of governments and political systems. By studying these areas, we can better understand the challenges and opportunities facing the world today and work towards creating more effective and just political institutions and processes.
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Description
Test your knowledge of political science fundamentals including international relations, political theory, public policy, political institutions and processes, and comparative politics. Explore key concepts and theories in each subfield to deepen your understanding of the global political landscape.
