Political Psychology: An Introduction
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Questions and Answers

In a software development project applying Agile methodologies, what is the primary role of a Product Owner?

  • To write the code and perform testing of the software increments.
  • To act as a liaison between the development team and the IT operations, focusing on deployment and infrastructure.
  • To define and prioritize the product backlog, representing the stakeholders and ensuring the team builds the right product. (correct)
  • To manage the development team's tasks and daily activities, ensuring adherence to the project plan.

Which of the following is the MOST important benefit achieved through continuous integration (CI)?

  • Enforcing strict coding standards across all development teams.
  • Reducing integration problems by detecting them early and enabling more rapid feedback. (correct)
  • Automatically generating project documentation.
  • Eliminating the need for dedicated testing teams.

When designing a microservices architecture, which strategy BEST supports independent deployment and scaling of individual services?

  • Deploying all microservices as a single application to minimize operational overhead.
  • Sharing a single database across all microservices to ensure data consistency.
  • Using asynchronous communication patterns and each service maintaining its own database. (correct)
  • Relying on synchronous, point-to-point communication between services to guarantee immediate consistency.

In the context of database normalization, what is the primary goal of achieving Third Normal Form (3NF)?

<p>To ensure that all non-key attributes are fully functionally dependent on the primary key, and eliminate transitive dependencies. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which design pattern promotes loose coupling between objects by defining a one-to-many dependency between objects so that when one object changes state, all its dependents are notified and updated automatically?

<p>Observer Pattern (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which research approach is most suitable for identifying emerging patterns and exploratory insights within a specific political phenomenon?

<p>Descriptive research (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A researcher wants to understand how a specific political campaign message impacts voter turnout over several election cycles. Which type of study would be most appropriate?

<p>Longitudinal study (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which data collection method relies on direct or indirect interaction between the researcher and the participant to gather information about their attitudes, beliefs, and motivations?

<p>Survey (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A political psychologist is studying the relationship between social media usage and political polarization. They collect data on both variables at one point in time. Which type of research design are they most likely using?

<p>Cross-sectional (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In social psychology, what does the concept of 'situationalism' emphasize regarding human behavior?

<p>The impact of the immediate environment and circumstances. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best exemplifies how social cognition operates in a political context?

<p>A citizen forms an impression of a politician based on their physical appearance and public statements. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A researcher aims to understand the underlying reasons why individuals participate in political protests. Which research method would be most suitable?

<p>Qualitative research (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Political psychologists study various forms of political behavior. Which of the following falls under this?

<p>Voting patterns and election outcomes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of political psychology as a field of study?

<p>The psychological processes underlying political behavior. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do interpersonal relationships differ from intergroup relations in the context of political psychology?

<p>Intergroup relations involve interactions based on social identities, while interpersonal relations are based on individual identities. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A researcher wants to examine the effect of a candidate's charisma on voter preference, while controlling for factors like policy positions and party affiliation. Which research method is most suitable?

<p>Experimental study (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of political psychology, what does 'social communication' primarily involve?

<p>The exchange of information between individuals or groups. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key distinction between qualitative and quantitative research methods in political psychology?

<p>Qualitative methods explore complex phenomena, while quantitative methods focus on measuring specific variables. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the principles outlined, how do individuals form impressions of political figures?

<p>Through media coverage, public appearances, and perceived trustworthiness. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of how 'social interaction' is manifested in a political context?

<p>A political leader persuading their followers to support a particular policy. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Topic 1

The first subject or area of discussion in a series or course.

Political Psychology

The study of psychological processes in political contexts, including behavior and attitudes.

Political Attitudes

Stable preferences or feelings towards political entities or issues.

Social Influence in Politics

How group dynamics and communication affect political behavior.

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Intergroup Relations

Interactions and psychological processes between different social and political groups.

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Situationalism

The principle that behavior is largely influenced by the context or situation.

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Dispositionalism

The principle that stable individual traits determine behavior.

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Cognitive System

The mental framework that helps individuals interpret and analyze information.

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Social Cognition

How people understand and judge others based on observable traits and behaviors.

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Social Communication

The exchange of information and meanings between individuals in a social context.

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Social Interaction

The ways individuals influence one another during their interactions.

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Research Types

Various methods used to understand psychological phenomena and variables in studies.

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Qualitative Research

Research focusing on understanding phenomena through non-numerical data and small samples.

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Quantitative Research

Research that quantifies data to find relationships and patterns among variables.

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Observation Method

Structured method of watching and recording behavior to gather data.

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Survey Method

Collection of information regarding attitudes and emotions through direct queries.

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Study Notes

Introduction to Political Psychology

  • Political psychology is a field of study examining psychological factors influencing political behavior and systems.

Subject of Political Psychology

  • Political system
  • Political institutions
  • Social groups
  • Individuals

Course Structure

  • Political attitudes and political efficacy (topics 2-4)
  • Social influence in politics: group processes (topic 5) and communication (topics 6-7)
  • Psychology of intergroup relations: indicators, causes of conflict, improvement of relations (topics 8-10)
  • Political behavior: elections, protests, and violence (topics 11-13)

Understanding Human Nature

  • Individuals possess relatively stable, unique characteristics (dispositional principle).
  • Individuals always operate in specific situations (situational principle).
  • Individuals have cognitive systems (attitudes) enabling interpretation of events.

Human Nature: Psychological Representation

  • Individuals create mental models of their surroundings/people (social cognition): appearance, statements, actions (political). This leads to inferences on individuals' psychological characteristics
  • Knowledge exchange: political communication (social communication) can occur directly (verbal) or indirectly (nonverbal) and individually or broadly (mass).
  • Interaction (social interaction): influences of individuals (leadership) or group members (group influence e.g., majority/minority).
  • Grouping: individuals unite in small (face-to-face) or large groups based on shared traits (e.g., gender, age, ideologies, politics)
  • Relationships: relationships are organized on two levels: interpersonal (personal identity) and intergroup (social identity).

Research Methods

  • Descriptive research: describes phenomena
  • Cross-sectional research: examines correlations between variables.
  • Experimental research: determines the effect of a single variable on another.
  • Longitudinal research: tracks changes over time.
  • Meta-analytic research: identifies shared trends.

Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches

  • Qualitative methods: uncovering/understanding of phenomena and patterns in data.
  • Small samples (possible diverse participants)
  • Data isn't heavily affected by researchers' assumptions
  • Data not always easily generalizable to wider populations
  • Quantitative methods: assessing and quantifying relationships and patterns.
  • Larger samples (more homogenous participants)
  • Data is heavily affected by researchers' assumptions
  • Data can be generalized more broadly

Research Methods: Specific Techniques

  • Observation: structured and organized observation/recording of behaviour
  • Surveys: gathering information on beliefs, opinions, feelings using contacts with participants
  • Document analysis: gaining insights about beliefs, opinions, thoughts based on content analysis of documents

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Description

Explore the intersection of psychology and political science. Understand the psychological factors shaping political attitudes, behaviors, and systems. Covers political attitudes, social influence, intergroup relations, and political behavior.

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