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What is a characteristic of catch-all parties?
What is a characteristic of catch-all parties?
What is the primary goal of cartel parties?
What is the primary goal of cartel parties?
What is a consequence of the increasing professionalization of political parties?
What is a consequence of the increasing professionalization of political parties?
What is a key difference between catch-all parties and mass parties?
What is a key difference between catch-all parties and mass parties?
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What is a characteristic of mass parties?
What is a characteristic of mass parties?
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Why do candidates need the collective capital of the party?
Why do candidates need the collective capital of the party?
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What is the main reason for the evolution of catch-all parties into cartel parties?
What is the main reason for the evolution of catch-all parties into cartel parties?
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What is the primary function of cartel parties?
What is the primary function of cartel parties?
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What is the main focus of party systems and their analysis?
What is the main focus of party systems and their analysis?
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According to Müller and Storm (1990), what is one way to classify parties?
According to Müller and Storm (1990), what is one way to classify parties?
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What is a characteristic of a niche party?
What is a characteristic of a niche party?
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What is an analogy used to describe party systems?
What is an analogy used to describe party systems?
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Who defined a party system as a whole that is more important than its parts?
Who defined a party system as a whole that is more important than its parts?
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What is a factor that can be used to classify parties according to Pedersen (1982) and Barnea and Rahat (2011)?
What is a factor that can be used to classify parties according to Pedersen (1982) and Barnea and Rahat (2011)?
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What is a characteristic of entrepreneurial parties?
What is a characteristic of entrepreneurial parties?
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What is the focus of the 'Olympics of Political Science'?
What is the focus of the 'Olympics of Political Science'?
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What is the primary resource of the Cadre Party?
What is the primary resource of the Cadre Party?
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When did the Anti-Cartel Party emerge?
When did the Anti-Cartel Party emerge?
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What is the organizational structure of the Mass Party?
What is the organizational structure of the Mass Party?
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What is the primary role of membership in the Cartel Party?
What is the primary role of membership in the Cartel Party?
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What is a key characteristic of the Anti-Cartel Party?
What is a key characteristic of the Anti-Cartel Party?
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What is the nature of membership in the Cadre Party?
What is the nature of membership in the Cadre Party?
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What is the primary resource of the Cartel Party?
What is the primary resource of the Cartel Party?
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What is a key feature of the Mass Party?
What is a key feature of the Mass Party?
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What is the distinction between the Mass Party and the Cartel Party?
What is the distinction between the Mass Party and the Cartel Party?
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What is the context in which these party types were classified?
What is the context in which these party types were classified?
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What is the main goal of political parties in a party system?
What is the main goal of political parties in a party system?
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What is a necessary condition for a party system to exist?
What is a necessary condition for a party system to exist?
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What determines the shape and dynamics of a party system?
What determines the shape and dynamics of a party system?
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What is the analogy between party systems and planetary systems?
What is the analogy between party systems and planetary systems?
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What is the primary function of a party system?
What is the primary function of a party system?
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What is the main reason to analyze party systems?
What is the main reason to analyze party systems?
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What is the genealogy of party systems?
What is the genealogy of party systems?
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What is the morphology of party systems?
What is the morphology of party systems?
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What is the result of each revolution according to the text?
What is the result of each revolution according to the text?
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What is the relationship between cleavages and parties according to the text?
What is the relationship between cleavages and parties according to the text?
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How many party families are created by the four cleavages?
How many party families are created by the four cleavages?
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What is the main feature of the Post-Industrial Revolution?
What is the main feature of the Post-Industrial Revolution?
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What is the values shift of the younger generation?
What is the values shift of the younger generation?
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Which type of parties emerged from the post-materialist values?
Which type of parties emerged from the post-materialist values?
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What is the traditional characteristic of political parties?
What is the traditional characteristic of political parties?
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When were women formally excluded from political space?
When were women formally excluded from political space?
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Study Notes
Transformation of Political Parties
- The traditional mass party model has been replaced by smaller parties composed of political professionals.
- This change is particularly evident among the younger generation, who have a negative image of political parties.
Types of Political Parties
-
Catch-all Parties/Electoral-Professional Parties: characterized by a small number of members, minimal party development, and activities carried out by paid specialists.
- They differ from mass parties in their organizational features and ideological consequences.
- Parties tend to diversify their ideology to get the biggest suffrage.
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Cartel Parties: characterized by increasing professionalization, public funding, and a mutual agreement to divide resources between dominant parties.
- They create a cartel, exercising control over the political system within a given country.
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Anti-Cartel Parties: emerged in the 2000s, characterized by members organized around an idea rather than social characteristics.
- Expect important commitment from members, and have a blurred distinction between members and supporters.
Ideal Types and Classifications
- These classifications are ideal types, fictional simplified representations aimed to compare situations.
- Reality is more nuanced, and there are many models and labels.
- Classifications were elaborated in a European and North American context, and their applicability to other political contexts is questionable.
Other Classifications
- Main Aim or Objective: vote-seeking, office-seeking, policy-seeking, etc.
- Life-Cycle of the Party: new, old, degree of novelty.
- Place of the Party within the Party System: mainstream or niche party.
Party Systems and the Theory of Cleavages
- Party System Definition: a set of parties or structures that compete or cooperate to increase their power in controlling government.
- Three Main Elements: interaction between parties, competition for power, and functioning of the system of political representation.
- Genealogy of Party Systems: four cleavages (workers/employers, rural/urban, state/church, and central periphery) give birth to eight party families.
- Post-Industrial Revolution: new cleavages emerge, such as materialist-post materialist values, open-closed societies, and generational cleavage over policy priorities.
Conclusion: A Gendered Perspective on Political Parties
- Political parties emerged as male strongholds, structured at a time when women were formally excluded from political space.
- This gendered perspective highlights the need for a more inclusive and representative political system.
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Description
This quiz explores the changes in the relationship between political parties and their members, particularly among the younger generation.
