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Questions and Answers
What type of authority is based on established laws and rules?
What type of authority is based on established laws and rules?
Which constitution first introduced a parliamentary system in the Philippines?
Which constitution first introduced a parliamentary system in the Philippines?
What is the role of a Constitutional Convention?
What is the role of a Constitutional Convention?
The 1987 Constitution was drafted following which significant event?
The 1987 Constitution was drafted following which significant event?
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What method is used for ratifying a constitution in the Philippines?
What method is used for ratifying a constitution in the Philippines?
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Which of the following is NOT a category of law based on origins?
Which of the following is NOT a category of law based on origins?
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Who typically appoints members of a Constitutional Commission?
Who typically appoints members of a Constitutional Commission?
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What primary purpose does rational-legal authority serve in society?
What primary purpose does rational-legal authority serve in society?
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What must be established for the power of eminent domain to be considered valid?
What must be established for the power of eminent domain to be considered valid?
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What is meant by 'just compensation' in the context of eminent domain?
What is meant by 'just compensation' in the context of eminent domain?
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What is the basis for the power of taxation according to the content?
What is the basis for the power of taxation according to the content?
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In what scenarios are taxes particularly crucial for government funding?
In what scenarios are taxes particularly crucial for government funding?
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What type of authority is characterized by legitimacy stemming from historical or cultural traditions?
What type of authority is characterized by legitimacy stemming from historical or cultural traditions?
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What differentiates charismatic authority from traditional authority?
What differentiates charismatic authority from traditional authority?
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What is the primary role of a government’s inherent powers?
What is the primary role of a government’s inherent powers?
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Which of the following best describes the scope of power of taxation?
Which of the following best describes the scope of power of taxation?
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What is a corrupted form of monarchy called?
What is a corrupted form of monarchy called?
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Which type of government allows for the majority to hold sovereign power?
Which type of government allows for the majority to hold sovereign power?
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In a unitary government system, where does the centralized power reside?
In a unitary government system, where does the centralized power reside?
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Which term describes a government where a small elite group holds the power?
Which term describes a government where a small elite group holds the power?
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What is the primary characteristic of a presidential system of government?
What is the primary characteristic of a presidential system of government?
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What is the main difference between direct and indirect democracy?
What is the main difference between direct and indirect democracy?
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In a parliamentary system, who typically leads the executive branch?
In a parliamentary system, who typically leads the executive branch?
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What type of government divides powers between a national government and local governments?
What type of government divides powers between a national government and local governments?
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What is the primary aim of the commission composed of 48 appointed delegates?
What is the primary aim of the commission composed of 48 appointed delegates?
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Which Act provides special protection for children against abuse and exploitation?
Which Act provides special protection for children against abuse and exploitation?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of statutory laws?
Which of the following is a characteristic of statutory laws?
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What characterizes a de jure government?
What characterizes a de jure government?
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What type of law is primarily influenced by local customs and judicial decisions?
What type of law is primarily influenced by local customs and judicial decisions?
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Which of the following forms of government is associated with concentrated power in a single authority?
Which of the following forms of government is associated with concentrated power in a single authority?
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Which of the following Acts specifically addresses violence against women and children?
Which of the following Acts specifically addresses violence against women and children?
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What role does the civil code of the Philippines primarily govern?
What role does the civil code of the Philippines primarily govern?
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Which type of government is characterized by sovereignty resting in one individual, often associated with dictatorship or monarchy?
Which type of government is characterized by sovereignty resting in one individual, often associated with dictatorship or monarchy?
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What is the function of judicial precedents in the context of common law?
What is the function of judicial precedents in the context of common law?
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In a federal government, which principle is emphasized?
In a federal government, which principle is emphasized?
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Which of the following is a social function of political institutions?
Which of the following is a social function of political institutions?
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What is true about a de facto government?
What is true about a de facto government?
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Which form of government is typically defined by a single ruler who has not achieved legitimacy through royalty?
Which form of government is typically defined by a single ruler who has not achieved legitimacy through royalty?
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Which of the following best describes an oligarchy?
Which of the following best describes an oligarchy?
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Which type of government operates based on indirect or representative democracy?
Which type of government operates based on indirect or representative democracy?
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What is a key characteristic of a parliamentary system in relation to executive dismissal?
What is a key characteristic of a parliamentary system in relation to executive dismissal?
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How does the process of removing an executive differ between a parliamentary and a presidential system?
How does the process of removing an executive differ between a parliamentary and a presidential system?
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What does the Philippines emphasize in its governance according to its state principles?
What does the Philippines emphasize in its governance according to its state principles?
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What distinguishes a presidential system from a parliamentary system?
What distinguishes a presidential system from a parliamentary system?
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Which of the following best describes the sovereignty of the Philippines?
Which of the following best describes the sovereignty of the Philippines?
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Study Notes
Political Institutions
- Political institutions are the established, normative systems for acquiring and exercising power through political processes and activities.
- Power is the ability to influence and control the actions and behavior of others. Power is not intrinsic; it must be acquired from sources.
- Legitimacy rule is derived and confirmed through the consensus of the people, such as election and patronage.
- Authority is the rightful assumption to command obedience and direct the course of action through established superiority or ascendancy.
- Influence involves the ways and means to produce and manipulate desired outcomes. Sources of influence may include leadership traits, skills, and the use of resources (human and material).
- Inherent powers of the state include police power.
- Police power allows the state to regulate the rights and freedoms of individuals for public safety, public morals, public health, and public convenience. Scope includes the welfare of the people (highest law) and acting in a way that doesn't harm anyone. The entity exercising police power includes the president, administrative bodies, and law-making bodies of local government units. Local government units (LGUs) may exercise quasi-judicial powers, such as ordering the closing and demolition of establishments. Decisions concerning demolition are based on the legality or illegality of the structure (compliance).
- Power of eminent domain is the acquisition of private property by the government for some public purpose. This can be achieved through compulsory sale to the government. The basis of the power is the necessity of the property for public use. Private property can be taken for public use upon payment of just compensation. This process must be fair to both parties involved (Justice Corona). Just compensation is determined by the fair market value of the property, which is the price a willing buyer would pay a willing seller.
- Powers of taxation are inherent in the state and involve imposing proportional contributions on persons, objects, and transactions to support the state and public use. The scope covers persons, property, or occupation taxed within the taxing jurisdiction. The basis is necessity.
- Taxes are used to fund disaster preparedness, relief, and recovery. This is especially important for countries prone to natural disasters like earthquakes, typhoons, and floods. This funds provide immediate relief.
- The inherent power of the state is essential for the effective discharge of duties and functions of government. The state can only interfere with private rights and property to fulfill its duties and functions.
- Types of authority include traditional authority, charismatic authority, and legal-rational authority.
- Traditional authority is based on established customs and long-standing practices, inherited, or passed down through generations.
- Charismatic authority is based on personal qualities (charisma or appeal) of a leader, where loyalty, admiration and belief in the leader's vision motivates people to follow, regardless of formal legal basis.
- Legal-rational authority is rooted in established laws, rules, and procedures. Leaders gain legitimacy through formal systems like constitutions or elections.
- The state protects man's life and interests through political processes.
- The state's functions include safeguarding interests and rights, providing public goods and services, maintaining social order and stability, and dispensing justice.
- Formal norms are created through constitutions (formalized norms, written plan in government), statutory laws (enacted by legislative bodies such as congress and city councils), and common laws (unwritten laws, built over the centuries).
- Constitutional laws are formalized norms that emerge from the Constitution (written plan of the government). Examples of constitutions include the 1935, 1973, and 1987 Philippine Constitutions.
- The 1935 Constitution was drafted during the Commonwealth era (influenced by the U.S.)
- The 1973 Constitution was drafted under the government of President F. Marcos.
- A Constitutional Convention is a formal gathering of representatives to draft or revise a constitution. Delegates are typically elected by the people or appointed by a government body.
- A Constitutional Commission is a body often appointed by the government to review, draft, or propose amendments to the constitution. They are usually selected based on expertise, legal knowledge, or experience.
- The 1987 Constitution is the current governing document of the Philippines. The commission was composed of 48 delegates.
- Statutory laws are enacted by legislative bodies. Examples include the Republic Act No. 7610 (special protection of children) and Republic Act No. 9262 (anti-violence against women).
- Common laws are unwritten laws built over centuries, based on local custom and precedent, further developed through court decisions and are not permanent. They change based on new judicial interpretations. This includes family, succession, torts, and damages.
- Forms of government can be classified based on establishment (de jure, de facto), rested sovereignty (dictatorship, monarchy, oligarchy, aristocracy, democracy), power concentration (unitary, federal), and power relations (presidential, parliamentary).
- De jure government is recognized as legitimate under legal provisions and processes.
- De facto government is established without legal basis or legitimate claim contrary to existing laws. (Example: Martial law in the Philippines).
- Dictatorship is rule by a dictator who does not come from royalty and governs by assumed destiny and force.
- Monarchy is rule by a monarch who assumes the highest title, such as a king, sultan by divine right
- Oligarchy is rule by a few (oligarchs) who occupy upper social strata.
- Aristocracy is rule by aristocrats, persons of nobility.
- Democracy is where power rests in the majority, either through direct participation, or with elected representatives.
- Unitary governments concentrate power in a central location.
- Federal governments distribute power between a central government and local governments.
- Presidential government system has a president as the central figure with executive powers.
- Parliamentary government system has a prime minister appointed by the legislature, who leads the executive branch.
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Description
This quiz explores the fundamental concepts of political institutions, including power, legitimacy, authority, and influence. Test your understanding of how these elements shape the political landscape and the roles they play in governance. Ideal for students and enthusiasts of political science.
