Political Ideologies Quiz

Liberalism

• Primary goal: individual rights and freedom
• Emerged as a response to absolutist monarchies in Europe to advocate for individual rights and freedoms against oppressive rulers

Communism

• Key figures: Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
• Emphasizes the redistribution of wealth to achieve economic equality
• Gained popularity in the early 20th century in response to perceived injustices and inequalities under capitalist systems

Socialism

• Emerged as a political ideology in the 19th century
• Differs from capitalism in terms of ownership of production: collective ownership in socialist economies, private ownership in capitalist economies
• Advocates for a classless society where the means of production are owned collectively
• Faces challenges in promoting innovation and entrepreneurship due to lack of competition and profit motive
• Would be most effective in addressing poverty through government intervention

Fascism

• Prioritizes nationalism and authoritarianism to suppress dissent and opposition
• Appealed to certain segments of society during times of economic crisis due to its promise of strong leadership and national unity
• Rose to prominence in Europe, particularly in Italy and Germany in the early 20th century

Capitalism

• Fundamental principle: private ownership of production and free market economy
• Associated with the concept of the "free market" due to its encouragement of competition and minimal government regulation
• Criticized for exacerbating income inequality due to its focus on profit maximization and wealth accumulation
• First emerged as a dominant economic system in Ancient Greece

Feminism

• Multifaceted ideology encompassing various perspectives and movements
• Addresses the intersectionality of gender with race, class, and other identities
• Principles can be applied in addressing gender inequalities in education by advocating for equal access to education for all genders
• Term "feminism" was coined by Susan B. Anthony, who advocated for women's suffrage in the early 20th century

General Concepts

• Ideology: a system of ideas and ideals forming the basis of economic or political theory
• Key difference between equity and equality: equity emphasizes fairness, while equality emphasizes sameness