Questions and Answers
Who was the Secretary of State under President Franklin D. Roosevelt and the founder of the United Nations?
Which historical figure is associated with the America First Committee?
Who was the fascist leader of the Spanish revolution?
Francisco Franco
What type of government is characterized by strict control over public and private life?
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The _____ Act stipulated restrictions on American actions in foreign wars.
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Which British statesman pursued a policy of appeasement toward fascist Germany?
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What policy allowed America to sell, lend, or lease arms to nations vital for U.S. defense?
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What term describes satisfying the demands of dissatisfied powers to maintain peace?
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The Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act reversed protective tariffs.
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What event caused the Francoists to defeat the Republicans in Spain?
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What was the objective of FDR's Quarantine Speech?
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The America First Committee was formed in 1940 to advocate for more aid to Britain.
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What was the Munich Pact?
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What act stated that the Philippines would receive independence after 12 years?
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The London Economic Conference aimed to provide a worldwide solution to the _____ Depression.
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What term refers to the invasion of Italy into Ethiopia?
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Which act prohibited loans to nations that had defaulted on WWI debts to the U.S.?
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What was the significance of the American gunboat Panay?
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In which region did Hitler expand into that had a large German-speaking population?
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What was the result of the evacuation at Dunkirk during WWII?
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What does Lebensraum refer to in Nazi ideology?
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At the Havana Conference, the U.S. warned Germany not to take over _____ in the Americas.
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Match the following terms with their descriptions:
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What was the 'phony war'?
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Study Notes
Key Figures and Entities
- Cordell Hull: Served as Secretary of State under FDR; instrumental in founding the United Nations.
- Charles Lindbergh: Prominent member of the America First Committee advocating isolationism.
- Francisco Franco: Fascist leader of the Spanish revolution, supported by Hitler and Mussolini.
- Wendell Wilkie: Republican challenger to FDR in the 1940 presidential election.
- Neville Chamberlain: British Prime Minister known for his policy of appeasement towards Nazi Germany.
Political and Military Concepts
- Totalitarianism: A system of governance that demands total control over public and private life.
- Appeasement: Strategy of satisfying demands of aggressive nations to maintain peace, notably used toward Germany.
- Fascism: Authoritarian political ideology characterized by central control and dictatorial power.
Major Policies and Acts
- Neutrality Acts: Laws imposing restrictions on American commerce and travel to avoid involvement in foreign wars.
- Lend-Lease Act: Legislation permitting the U.S. to provide military aid to nations deemed vital for American defense.
- Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act: Repealed high tariffs, enabling trade agreements between U.S. and other nations.
Significant Events and Agreements
- Spanish Civil War: Conflict that saw Franco's Nationalists defeat Spain's Republican forces, influenced by external fascist support.
- Quarantine Speech: FDR's address advocating for economic embargoes against aggressor nations.
- Atlantic Charter: A 1941 agreement between FDR and Churchill affirming post-war cooperation and non-acquisition of territory.
Warfare and Conflict
- "Phony War": A period of inactivity following the German invasion of Poland despite ongoing conflict.
- Battle of Britain: 1940 aerial conflict between the German Luftwaffe and British Royal Air Force, showcasing British resilience.
- Dunkirk: City in France where a massive evacuation of Allied forces occurred under perilous conditions in 1940.
Economic Context and Reactions
- Johnson Debt-Default Act: Prohibited loans to countries that had defaulted on WWI debts to the U.S.
- London Economic Conference: An assembly aimed at resolving the global economic crisis during the Great Depression.
Geopolitical Dynamics
- Nonaggression Pact: 1939 secret agreement between Hitler and Stalin to avoid conflict and divide Poland.
- Munich Pact: 1938 agreement permitting Nazi annexation of parts of Czechoslovakia, symbolizing failed appeasement.
- Havana Conference: U.S. meeting to reinforce the Monroe Doctrine and respond to potential fascist threats in the Americas.
Notable Incidents
- Sinking of the Panay: U.S. gunboat attacked by Japan, escalating tensions prior to WWI.
- "Merchants of Death": Term coined by Senator Nye to describe munitions manufacturers involved in WWI profiteering.
- Reuben James Incident: Sinking of a U.S. destroyer by German submarines, resulting in significant loss of life.
Cultural and National Identity
- "Colossus of the North": Latin American perception of the U.S. as an overpowering influence in the region.
- Living Space (Lebensraum): Hitler's expansionist agenda aimed at acquiring territories for the German population.
These notes capture pivotal concepts, events, and figures of the era, providing a comprehensive overview for study purposes.
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Description
Test your knowledge on key political figures and concepts from the World War II era. This quiz covers influential individuals, important military strategies, and significant policies that shaped the period. Explore how these elements contributed to the global landscape during the war.
