Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary obligation of a trustee according to the treatises of government?
What is the primary obligation of a trustee according to the treatises of government?
- To uphold the divine right of kings
- To act in the interests of the beneficiary (correct)
- To serve their own interests
- To protect the rights of the state
How does the state of nature, as described in the treatises, fundamentally differ from the concept of a chaotic existence?
How does the state of nature, as described in the treatises, fundamentally differ from the concept of a chaotic existence?
- It involves the domination of the strong over the weak.
- It is portrayed as peaceful and orderly. (correct)
- It is characterized by constant conflict.
- It requires strict laws to govern behavior.
Which of the following represents a deficiency of the law of nature?
Which of the following represents a deficiency of the law of nature?
- Clear guidelines for judgment
- Existence of multiple judges
- Possibility of execution
- Scope for personal interpretation (correct)
What allows aggrieved parties to punish aggressors in the state of nature?
What allows aggrieved parties to punish aggressors in the state of nature?
In the context of creating government, what do individuals retain according to the discussion?
In the context of creating government, what do individuals retain according to the discussion?
What significant invention allowed for advancements in communication during the Renaissance period?
What significant invention allowed for advancements in communication during the Renaissance period?
How did the decline of the Catholic Church's authority impact governance?
How did the decline of the Catholic Church's authority impact governance?
Which philosophical shift characterized the transition from the Medieval Era to modernity?
Which philosophical shift characterized the transition from the Medieval Era to modernity?
What is the view of the ruler's obligation in relation to the citizens?
What is the view of the ruler's obligation in relation to the citizens?
What role did patrons play in the movement toward humanism during the Renaissance?
What role did patrons play in the movement toward humanism during the Renaissance?
What marked the primary source of power as society moved towards modernity?
What marked the primary source of power as society moved towards modernity?
According to the theory discussed, what should happen if the government fails to protect people's rights?
According to the theory discussed, what should happen if the government fails to protect people's rights?
What is indicated as a necessary condition for the establishment of law and order?
What is indicated as a necessary condition for the establishment of law and order?
Which statement reflects the relationship between intellectualism and schism in this era?
Which statement reflects the relationship between intellectualism and schism in this era?
Which of the following best describes the comparison between the state of nature and civil society?
Which of the following best describes the comparison between the state of nature and civil society?
What was one consequence of the end of moral rules in the governance of society?
What was one consequence of the end of moral rules in the governance of society?
What was a result of fragmentation among churches following the Holy Roman Empire's collapse?
What was a result of fragmentation among churches following the Holy Roman Empire's collapse?
What concept indicates that the government is not established by a contract?
What concept indicates that the government is not established by a contract?
What argument is made against imposing a single religion?
What argument is made against imposing a single religion?
What is the role of the legislature according to the discussed theory?
What is the role of the legislature according to the discussed theory?
Which historical event exemplifies the belief in civil authority over religious influence?
Which historical event exemplifies the belief in civil authority over religious influence?
Flashcards
Theocratic System
Theocratic System
A system of government where the Church has political power alongside the state.
Printing Press Impact
Printing Press Impact
The printing press greatly advanced communication during the Renaissance.
Decline of Church Authority
Decline of Church Authority
The Catholic Church's power decreased after the fall of the Holy Roman Empire.
Rise of Secular Rule
Rise of Secular Rule
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Scientific Rationalism
Scientific Rationalism
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Authority by Reason
Authority by Reason
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Italian Humanism
Italian Humanism
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End of Moral Rules
End of Moral Rules
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State of Nature
State of Nature
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Natural Law
Natural Law
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Judgment and Execution
Judgment and Execution
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Deficiencies of Natural Law
Deficiencies of Natural Law
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Creating Government
Creating Government
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Social Contract
Social Contract
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Natural Rights
Natural Rights
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Right to Rebellion
Right to Rebellion
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Fiduciary Trust
Fiduciary Trust
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British Rational Liberalism
British Rational Liberalism
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Religious Tolerance
Religious Tolerance
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Legislature's Power
Legislature's Power
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Study Notes
Peace in Relation to Political Authority
- Peace is essential for a functioning society, and unity is key to achieving it
- A ruler's primary concern is maintaining peace and order
- Unity is more effective than many rulers in achieving peace
- The existence and actions of a single ruler are more likely to achieve peace than the actions of several individuals
- The principle mover is unity
Justice
- Just laws are those ordained for the common good; they must not exceed the power of the lawgiver
- Laws must be proportionate and considerate of the subjects
- Unjust laws are those that oppose the common good or divine law
Prevent Tyranny
- A ruler must be in a situation where tyranny is improbable to occur
- Government systems should be arranged to prevent potential opportunities for tyranny
- Having systems in place for addressing potential tyrannical behavior of rulers
The Right to Revolt
- Tolerating minor forms of tyranny is sometimes the better path to take
- If tyranny significantly harms the population, revolting is justifiable
- Public authority must lead revolt against a tyrant
- Tyrannical rule is unjust and faithless, thus revolt against it is justified.
Renaissance and Political Thought
- The Renaissance was a time when people turned to ancient ideas about governance, particularly those from the Greeks
- The shift from a God-centered worldview to a more human-centered one
- Machiavelli's The Prince is an influential work from the Renaissance period
- Political influence of the Church declined as people embraced new ways of thinking
- Focus on intellectualism and this-worldly concerns
- The printing press facilitated the spread of Renaissance ideas and knowledge
Modernism
- Science gained increasing importance for the ability to address issues of everyday life
Authority & Power
- Monarchs have partial authority rather than complete power
- Power is shared among various entities such as wealthy families
The Individual Man
- Human actions are driven by passions and endeavors
- A person's desires and aversions guide their behavior
- Good is what satisfies desires, and bad is what opposes them
- Good and bad are not objectively determined
- The will is the last appetite or aversion that remains in a state of deliberation
The Sovereign
- The sovereign has undisputed authority, with unlimited power
- The sovereign's goal is primarily maintaining internal peace
- Laws are created and managed by the sovereign
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