Policy Tools and Stakeholder Mapping

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Questions and Answers

What type of policy tool involves laws and regulations?

Regulatory (correct)

Economic

Information

Administrative

In Johnson, Scholes, and Wittingham's Stakeholder Mapping Theory, which group requires minimal effort to engage?

Low Power, Low Interest (correct)

High Power, High Interest

High Power, Low Interest

Low Power, High Interest

Which policy tool would be most effective for raising public awareness about a health issue?

Information (correct)

Capacity building

Collaborative

Incentive-based

What should be focused on for stakeholders classified as High Power, Low Interest?

Maintain satisfaction and address concerns Signup and view all the answers

Which option best describes the purpose of Strategic Planning?

To set long-term goals and define how to achieve them Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a characteristic of Economic policy tools?

Programs and public procurement Signup and view all the answers

In stakeholder mapping, which group has significant influence but may not be directly interested?

High Power, Low Interest Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an incentive-based policy tool?

Performance-based funding Signup and view all the answers

What is a key focus of strategic management?

Executing and monitoring strategies Signup and view all the answers

What defines global trends?

Significant developments influencing long-term systems Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary question addressed in incremental change?

How can we do more of the same? Signup and view all the answers

What is one primary benefit of conducting limited trials for public institutions?

They help minimize financial and political risks associated with large-scale reforms. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of transformation?

Implementing Estonia’s e-Governance system Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes a regulatory sandbox?

A controlled environment for testing innovations with modified regulations. Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of Kotter’s 8 Stages of Change involves outlining a desired future?

Create a Vision Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a Type 3 problem?

The problem definition and solution are unclear. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the consolidation stage in change management?

Build on successes and continue to improve Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of experimentation in public institutions?

Systematic data collection to measure impact and performance. Signup and view all the answers

What method is primarily used in reform changes to improve efficiency?

Mediation and balancing interests Signup and view all the answers

Which event is categorized as a Grey Rhino?

A major health crisis that was foreseeable and impactful. Signup and view all the answers

What best describes a technological sandbox?

An environment focused on developing and validating new technologies. Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'mission washing'?

Claiming to follow mission-oriented policies without real changes. Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant characteristic of strategic foresight?

Envisioning multiple futures and challenges Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of both regulatory and technological sandboxes?

They both include elements of collaboration among stakeholders. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a reason for mission failure characterized by overwhelming documentation?

Mission fatigue Signup and view all the answers

What defines a Black Elephant event?

Ignored events that are mistakenly considered unforeseen. Signup and view all the answers

Why do siloed missions often fail?

They do not involve enough stakeholders from various sectors. Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributes to mission dilution?

Expanding the mission without adequate resources. Signup and view all the answers

What challenge does 'orphan missions' describe?

Missions without clear leadership or accountability. Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential downside of one-tool missions?

They reduce flexibility in addressing complex problems. Signup and view all the answers

What does mission portfolio blindness refer to?

Ignoring the interactions between different mission activities. Signup and view all the answers

How can politically dependent missions impact mission stability?

They can be abandoned when political support diminishes. Signup and view all the answers

What issue arises from ill-equipped mission teams?

They lack the necessary skills to execute missions. Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of under-resourced missions?

They struggle to scale efforts or sustain activities over time. Signup and view all the answers

What is a non-systemic mission evaluation characterized by?

A lack of proper monitoring and assessment frameworks. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a method to support public sector innovation?

Creating a startup culture that encourages experimentation. Signup and view all the answers

What does experimenting in the public sector involve?

Testing new solutions on a small scale before full implementation. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Policy Tools

Regulatory: Laws, regulations, standards, and codes.
Economic: Taxes, subsidies, grants, and loans.
Administrative: Programs and public procurement.
Information: Public awareness campaigns, research, and data collection.
Market-based: Cap-and-trade systems, certificates, or credits.
Collaborative: Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) and stakeholder engagement.
Incentive-based: Performance-based funding, rewards, and recognition.
Capacity building: Training and educational programs, technical assistance.
Self-regulation: Voluntary agreements, codes of practice, and co-regulation.

Stakeholder Mapping Theory

Low Power, Low Interest (Minimal Effort): Keep these stakeholders informed.
Low Power, High Interest (Keep Informed): Regularly inform these stakeholders about project progress.
High Power, Low Interest (Keep Satisfied): Maintain their satisfaction and address concerns.
High Power, High Interest (Key Players): Collaborate closely. Ensure needs and concerns are incorporated into decision-making.

Strategic Management vs. Planning

Strategic Planning: Process-oriented. Sets long-term goals and defines how to achieve them.
Strategic Management: Goal-oriented. Includes planning, executing, and continuously monitoring strategies.

Global Trends

Significant, pervasive developments impacting societies, economies, and environments.
Governments need to anticipate changes in technology, climate change, and demographics.

Strategic Foresight

Preparing for multiple possible futures, associated opportunities and challenges.
Ensuring policies are adaptable.

Types of Change

Incremental: Improving current governance methods. Example: Refining use of PPP for projects.
Reform: Adjusting governance to improve efficiency. Example: Decentralising power to local governments.
Transformation: Rethinking governance for new interactions. Example: Estonia's e-Governance.

Public vs. Private Sector

No information provided about the public vs. private sector, please add information to the text or provide further questions.

Change Management (Kotter's 8 Stages of Change)

Establish Urgency: Identify crises or opportunities.
Form a Powerful Coalition: Assemble key players.
Create a Vision: Outline the desired future.
Communicate the Vision: Ensure everyone understands the goal.
Empower Others to Act: Remove obstacles to change.
Create Short-Term Wins: Show early successes to build momentum.
Consolidate Gains: Build on successes and continue to improve.
Anchor Changes in the Culture: Make changes permanent.

Black Swan, Black Jellyfish, Grey Rhino, Black Elephant

Black Swan: Unanticipated, unpredictable events with large impact. Example: 9/11.
Black Jellyfish: Small changes within complex systems leading to significant impact. Example: Human migration.
Grey Rhino: Highly probable, high-impact events often ignored. Example: COVID-19.
Black Elephant: Events unseen or ignored, but once they occur, are often mislabeled as Black Swans. Example: COVID-19.

Reasons Why Missions Fail

Mission Washing: Using mission language without meaningful change.
Mission Dilution: Scope becomes too broad, leading to weakened focus.
Mission Fatigue: Overwhelming processes exhaust teams.
Mission as Cure-All: Assuming missions can solve all complex problems.
Mismatched Mission Conditions: Introduced into structures not designed for missions.
Siloed Missions: Led by one sector without cross-sector collaboration.
Orphan Missions: Lacking a clear owner or champion.
One-Tool Missions: Relying on a single policy instrument.
Mission Portfolio Blindness: Failing to see how activities interact.
Politically Dependent Missions: Vulnerable to political shifts.
Ill-Equipped Mission Teams: Lacking necessary skills, tools, or expertise.
Under-Resourced Missions: Insufficient funding, human resources, or infrastructure.
Non-Systematic Mission Evaluation: Lacking comprehensive evaluation frameworks.

Government Support for Public Sector Innovation

Innovation funds within budgets and rules on innovation expenditures.
HR practices: Recruitment, rotation, training.
Start-up culture in government: Mentoring, HR, hackathons.
New tools creating new insight: Big data, AI, co-creation, design thinking.
Institutional "inefficiencies": Sunset clauses on policies/organizations.
Slack (not the app).

Creating Organizational Variety

Central but politically insulated agencies.
Temporary networks, task forces.
Innovation labs.

Experimenting in Public Sector

Testing new policies, processes, or solutions before full implementation.
Limited Trials: Pilot projects in controlled environments.
Delimitation: Confined scope to a specific time frame, area, or group.
Systematic data collection to measure the impact and performance.
Minimizing financial and political risks associated with large-scale reforms.

Sandboxes

Regulatory Sandbox: Controlled environment for businesses to test innovations with relaxed regulations.
Technological Sandbox: Testing environment focused on developing and validating new technologies.

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Description

Explore key policy tools such as regulatory, economic, and administrative strategies, along with theories of stakeholder mapping. This quiz will test your understanding of how to effectively engage and manage various stakeholders based on their power and interest levels. Prepare to enhance your policy-making skills!