Police Operations and Intelligence-Led Policing

• The chapter focuses on police operations.
• It addresses the operations aspect of police work, highlighting patrol operations and criminal investigations.
• Police officers must remember that their work is part of a larger context involving citizens and criminal justice colleagues.
• Effective communication skills are crucial for police officers, including active listening, report writing, and clear communication techniques.
• Police officer actions must be legal and ethical while developing the ability to protect themselves.

Intelligence-Led Policing

• Intelligence-led policing combines problem-oriented policing and zero-tolerance policing.
• Police analyze recent incidents and create action plans.
• Agencies use CompStat, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and regular meetings to analyze data.
• Using Geographic Information System (GIS) technology helps police to quickly identify and respond to incidents of crime.
• Obtaining and processing information for intelligence-led policing uses a cyclical, five-step process.
• Intelligence-led policing advantages include early interception of troubling trends and implementation with other strategies.
• Challenges include the need for high technological sophistication, daily accountability, and strong community partnerships.

Strategic Policing

• Strategic policing is an element of community policing.
• Strategic policing uses SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats) analysis and strategic planning.
• Agencies start by setting goals based on crime trends and directives from police chiefs or mayors, or community input.
• In strategic policing Agencies develop strategies aligned with stakeholder priorities.
• Community policing emphasizes police visibility, community rapport, fewer arrests, and decentralized command.
• Strategic policing incorporates police operations into peacekeeping and crime/disorder prevention.
• Effective strategic policing needs plans, key objectives, outcome indicators, and effective service delivery.
• It also requires community alliances to address disorder and prevent crime.
• Employees should be involved in strategic planning and be able to articulate the agency's strengths and weaknesses.
• The agency must shift from reaction/compliance.
• Strategic policing enables agencies to fulfill their mission, realize mandates, and adapt to community concerns.
• It also enhances efficiency by prioritizing resource allocation to maximize value.

SWOT Analysis

• SWOT analysis helps policing agencies focus on problems and select solutions, creating community value.
• SWOT considers the agency’s existing strengths and resources(e.g., reputation, trained personnel).
• SWOT considers the agencies vulnerabilities or weaknesses (e.g., reduced resources, high attrition).
• SWOT considers opportunities outside the agency that can enhance efficiency, such as new software or community partnerships.
• SWOT considers external developments may impede the process, such as authorized personnel reductions.
• Team objectives, rewards, training, and communications must align with agreed-upon strategies.
• Strategic policing evaluates officers beyond arrests and report completeness.
• Strategic policing requires managers and employees to understand agency goals, performance measures, and problem causes.

Strategic Policing: Pluses and Minuses

• A "plus" is that strategic policing enables an agency to fulfill its mission
• A "plus" is that strategic policing allow an agency to adapt to ever-changing community concerns.
• A "minus" is that strategic planning and thinking skills require investment of time and resources.

Policing Styles

• This strategy usually employs an authoritarian style of management.
• Police officers are controlled and directed to complete tasks.
• The model assumes that managers know best.
• This model assumes that response to events are always necessary and effective.
• This model assumes objective ways to present an unbiased view of police productivity.

Community Policing.

• Community policing encourages partnerships
• Community policing encourages interaction between the police and the public produces desired results..
• This strategy entails a shift in police from authoritarian to participatory model.
• Philosophical adjustments and attitude changes are required in police management.

Problem-Oriented Policing

• Problem-oriented policing is is the tactical implementation of community policing
• Problem-oriented policing is used to address crime and quality-of-life concerns within a community.
• Problem-solving methods, including the (Scanning, Analysis, Response, Assessment) SARA model, performance measurements, require expansion of tactics.
• Additional police training needed for police to improve leadership, community interaction strategies, and problem solving

Team Policing and Neighborhood Policing

• These strategies exemplify community policing
• Team Policing and Neighborhood Policing are implemented to solve problems on a small scale.
• Example of team policing is solving problems on a small scale.

Zero-Tolerance Policing.

• This strategy is an outgrowth of the broken windows theory
• The broken windows theory holds that minor criminal offenses increase other serious crimes occur.
• According to this strategy, police can restore order by enforcing laws related to minor offenses.
• Graffiti and Vandalism increase the likelihood that people will commit more serious crimes.

Intelligence-Led Policing.

• Intelligence-Led Policing integrates problem-oriented policing and zero-tolerance policing
• Incident occurances are continuously analyzed
• Action places are implemented to address an inciden
• CompStat software can can be used during instances when in emphasis this policing strategy

Strategic Policing.

• A strategic strategy has a element of community policing
• Techniques used are
• private- and public-sector organizational
• SWOT analysis which studies (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and treats.
• Strategic planning with public policing strategy

SWOT Analysis.

• SWOT Analysis is used to evaluate the organization's inclination ability to succed
• Agencies Strengths and weakness is throughly looked at
• Opportunities and threats are looked at to analyze

Policing types

• Wachman style is primarily conserned with order maintenance(contolling and maintaning illegal behavior)
• Legalistic style enfroces the Laws(Many citations made)
• Service style is on serving the community.

Police Discretion.

• Discretion means choice of options or actions
• The criminal justice system involves a amount of discretion (sentences)

Police Discretion Importance

• Discretion is very important (can't arrest everyone)
• Factors influence Discretion Factors include (character , relationship)
• Discretion must be controlled
• Prepare authorities for a situation

Commission on Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies (CALEA)

• Created in 1979 as a credentialing authority -CALEA improves the delivery of public safety services
  • maintains a code of standards