Polarization and Double Refraction Concepts

What happens to the ordinary and extraordinary waves at normal incidence in a crystal?

Which equation represents the extraordinary ray's amplitude in terms of the incident amplitude and phase difference?

How is the amplitude of the ordinary ray expressed in the content?

What is the relationship between x and y based on the equations provided?

What effect does the angle θ have on the amplitudes of the ordinary and extraordinary rays?

In the derived equations for x and y, what represents the phase difference?

What characteristic of polarized light is utilized in quarter wave and half wave plates?

What is denoted as A in the context of the incident plane polarized light?

What is 'unpolarised light' characterized by?

Which method of polarization involves Malus's discovery?

What happens to unpolarised light when it passes through crystal A?

When unpolarised light passes through a series of thin glass plates, what percentage of vibrations typically reflects?

What is indicated by the term 'ordinary ray' in double refraction?

In the context of polarization, what is the 'plane of vibration'?

Which of the following methods does not lead to polarization?

What is the result of polarization by double refraction?

What does the tangent plane CO represent in the context of the O-ray?

Which equation represents the relationship between the velocities of the ordinary ray and extraordinary ray?

What occurs when O and E waves coincide at all instants under normal incidence?

In the case where the optic axis is perpendicular to the refracting surface, what happens during oblique incidence?

What direction does the line AP represent in the oblique incidence scenario?

How do the O and E rays behave in the case where the optic axis is parallel to the refracting face under oblique incidence?

Which plane represents the wave front of the E waves intersecting at point E?

What is indicated by the tangent planes OOl and EEl in normal incidence?

What does a beam passing through a quarter wave plate and subsequently an N-prism indicate if it extinguishes completely twice during rotation?

What is the characteristic behavior of elliptically polarized light when passed through a rotating N-prism?

What further phase difference do the O-ray and E-ray undergo when elliptically polarized light passes through a quarter wave plate?

What is the purpose of the Babinet's compensator?

What condition should be avoided when light is incident on a QWP to ensure it emerges elliptically polarized?

After passing elliptically polarized light through a quarter wave plate, if the beam remains elliptically polarized, what does that imply?

How can you distinguish between circularly polarized light and unpolarized light after passing through a quarter wave plate?

In the context of light polarization, what indicates that a beam is partially polarized when observed through an N-prism?

What is the least thickness of the quartz plate required for plane polarized light to emerge plane polarized?

How is the thickness of a calcite plate for circularly polarized light calculated?

What is the required thickness of a calcite plate to convert plane polarized light into circularly polarized light?

What is the optical path difference produced by a crystal plate if the thickness is 1.5 × 10−5 m?

For circularly polarized light, what is the formula for calculating the thickness of a plate?

What is the rotation of the plane of polarization in a substance if the wavelength is 5890 × 10−10 m?

Which of the following factors affects the optical path difference in a crystal plate?

What determines whether a light beam will become circularly polarized when passing through a material?

What is the relationship between phase difference and path difference in a wave?

How is the wavelength calculated from phase difference and path difference?

When given a concentration of a solution and the length of the polarimeter tube, how is the rotation of the plane of polarization calculated?

If a polarimeter tube produces an optical rotation of 240 with a specific rotation of S, what quantity is needed to determine S?

What is the phase difference when the path difference is 5890 x 10-10 and the thickness of the material is 2m in given conditions?

In the case of a sugar solution with a concentration of 100 kgm-3, what does the specific rotation of the sugar represent?

When calculating the rotation of the plane of polarization in a polarimeter, what incorrectly describes the process?

If a solution has a specific rotation of 0.750 kg-1m2 and its concentration is given, what information would not change the calculation of the plane rotation?