Polarity in Molecules and Solvents

Questions and Answers

What describes the polarity of CBr4?

The molecule has a bent shape.

All the bonds are polar and symmetrical, making the molecule non-polar. (correct)

The molecule is polar due to unequal charge distribution.

The dipoles do not cancel.

What is the reason for the polarity of CH3Br?

The C-Br bond is less polar than the C-H bond.

The C-Br bond is more polar than the C-H bond. (correct)

The dipoles fully cancel out.

All bonds are symmetric.

What is the characteristic of polar bonds?

Electrons are not shared equally due to differences in electronegativity.

Polar solvents deflect when a charge comes near them.

True Signup and view all the answers

What determines whether a molecule is polar?

An uneven distribution of charge due to differences in electronegativity. Signup and view all the answers

What is the geometry of the CF4 molecule?

Tetrahedral Signup and view all the answers

Cl2O has a symmetrical bond arrangement, rendering it polar.

False Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Polarity in Molecules

CBr4 Characteristics: All C-Br bonds are equally polar and symmetrically arranged. Resulting dipoles cancel, making the molecule non-polar.
CH3Br Characteristics: C-Br bond is more polar than C-H bond due to bromine's higher electronegativity. As bond dipoles do not cancel, CH3Br remains polar.

Understanding Polar Bonds

Definition of Polar Bonds: Occur when bonding elements differ in electronegativity, leading to unequal electron sharing. This creates a molecule with slight positive and negative ends.

Solvent Types

Polar Solvents: Have a charge and can deflect in the presence of unlike or like charges.
Non-Polar Solvents: Lack charge and remain unaffected by nearby charges.

Factors Influencing Polarity

Uneven Charge Distribution: Molecules are polar if they possess an uneven charge due to differences in electronegativity among bonds. This prevents dipole cancellation.

Specific Molecule Analyses

CF4 Analysis: Contains 4 electron repulsions resulting in a tetrahedral shape. C-F bonds are polar, but their symmetrical arrangement cancels dipoles, making CF4 non-polar.
Cl2O Analysis: With 4 electron repulsions leading to a bent shape, the polar bonds (due to Cl-O electronegativity difference) do not cancel, resulting in a polar molecule.

Description

This quiz explores the concepts of polarity in molecules, including examples like CBr4 and CH3Br, and the characteristics of polar and non-polar solvents. Understand how electronegativity influences bond polarity and the resulting molecular behavior.