Polaris Dawn and Carbon Capture Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What was the primary purpose of the Polaris Dawn mission?

  • To conduct the first civilian spacewalk (correct)
  • To transport materials to the International Space Station
  • To establish a permanent space colony
  • To test a new rocket engine design

Who led the Polaris Dawn mission?

  • Jared Isaacman (correct)
  • Anna Menon
  • Scott Poteet
  • Sarah Gillis

What altitude did the Polaris Dawn mission reach, setting a record for human spaceflight?

  • 870 miles (1,400 km) (correct)
  • 853 miles (1,372 km)
  • 1,000 miles (1,609 km)
  • 435 miles (700 km)

What is the annual CO2 capture capacity of Climeworks' Mammoth plant?

<p>39,000 tons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

By what year does Climeworks plan for its new Louisiana DAC plant to become operational?

<p>2030 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significance did the high altitude achieved during the Polaris Dawn mission have?

<p>It helped assess the impact of increased radiation levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which astronaut marked history as one of the first women to fly to such an extreme altitude?

<p>Both Sarah Gillis and Anna Menon (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the size of the new Louisiana plant compare to that of the Mammoth plant?

<p>It is nearly 30 times larger (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the projected annual CO2 removal capacity of Occidental's plant in Texas?

<p>500,000 tons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which company is competing with Climeworks in the development of large-scale DAC plants in the US?

<p>Occidental (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major criticism of the Mammoth carbon capture plant?

<p>It may shift focus away from reducing fossil fuel use. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the Mammoth plant neutralize the captured carbon?

<p>By pumping it underground to react with volcanic rocks. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the absorption capacity of Mammoth equate to in practical terms?

<p>Removing over 7,000 cars from the road each year. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primary energy source does the Mammoth plant utilize?

<p>Geothermal energy. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the size of Mammoth compare to Climeworks' Orca plant?

<p>It is nine times larger. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the 'pre-breathing' routine performed by the astronauts?

<p>To prevent decompression sickness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What feature distinguished the new SpaceX spacesuits from traditional designs?

<p>Use of a tethered oxygen supply (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant event marked the conclusion of the space mission on September 15, 2024?

<p>The splashdown of the Dragon spacecraft (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long was the cord that tethered Isaacman and Gillis to the spacecraft for oxygen supply?

<p>12 feet (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the goals of conducting medical tests after the crew returned to Earth?

<p>To evaluate the effects of space travel on their bodies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary objective of the ongoing $100,000 prize challenge?

<p>Decoding an entire scroll with 90% accuracy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of the decoded passages attributed to Philodemus is discussed?

<p>The effects of abundance of goods on one's experience (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which university did Youssef Nader attend?

<p>Freie University in Germany (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How much of the complete scroll had been decoded by Nader's team during the competition?

<p>5% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Dr. Seales emphasize about the ancient scrolls?

<p>They represent philosophical dialogues that are still relevant. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main challenge faced when trying to physically unroll the charred scrolls?

<p>The scrolls crumbled into dust during the process. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which technology did Brent Seales develop to assist in reading the scrolls?

<p>X-ray imaging (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why were the interior texts of the scrolls difficult to decipher?

<p>The carbon-based ink merged with the charred papyrus. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What historical event led to the preservation of the scrolls in Herculaneum?

<p>The eruption of Mount Vesuvius (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the scrolls found in the Herculaneum mansion?

<p>They provided insights into ancient life. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary problem with prior efforts to decipher the ancient scrolls?

<p>The mechanical unrolling often damaged the scrolls. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What specific challenge did participants face during the Vesuvius Challenge?

<p>They used AI and 3D X-ray images of rolled-up scrolls and papyrus fragments. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What achievement was highlighted by researchers in terms of technology advancement?

<p>Breakthroughs in virtual unwrapping and machine learning ink detection. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What year did Alex Morgan announce her retirement from professional soccer?

<p>2024 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the first word decoded by Luke Farritor from the scrolls?

<p>Purple (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one key benefit of the technology developed by researchers for this project?

<p>It helped amplify and accelerate breakthroughs that would take years to achieve traditionally. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many goals did Alex Morgan score during her Olympic career with the USWNT?

<p>7 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Alex Morgan's ranking in terms of combined goals and assists in USWNT history?

<p>Fifth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant achievement of Alex Morgan during the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup?

<p>Scoring 7 goals and providing 4 assists (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What personal reason did Alex Morgan cite for her retirement from professional soccer?

<p>Expecting her second child (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason for Alex Morgan and her teammates suing the US Soccer Federation?

<p>To seek equal pay and treatment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What milestone did Alex Morgan achieve with the lawsuit against the US Soccer Federation?

<p>Receiving $22 million in back pay (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the Alex Morgan Foundation?

<p>To advocate for equity and opportunities for girls and women (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What event marked the conclusion of Alex Morgan's professional career in 2024?

<p>Her last game with the San Diego Wave (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Alex Morgan express her emotions during her final game?

<p>By blowing kisses to the crowd (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Direct Air Capture (DAC)

A method of capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) directly from the atmosphere using specialized filters and then storing it underground.

Mammoth (plant)

The world's largest direct air capture plant in Iceland, designed to remove CO2 from the air.

Carbon Capture

The process of capturing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to prevent it from contributing to climate change.

39,000 tons CO2

Mammoth's annual capacity to absorb carbon dioxide from the air.

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Geothermal Energy

Heat from the Earth's interior used to power the process of storing the captured carbon underground.

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Polaris Dawn Mission

SpaceX's first commercial space mission under the Polaris program, successfully completed on September 15, 2024.

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Dragon capsule

The spacecraft used in the Polaris Dawn mission, launched from Florida's Kennedy Space Center.

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870 miles (1,400 km)

The highest altitude reached by the Dragon capsule during the Polaris Dawn mission, surpassing a previous record.

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Civilian spacewalk

The first-ever civilian spacewalk performed during the Polaris Dawn mission.

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SpaceX

Private spaceflight company that accomplished the Polaris Dawn mission, carrying astronauts beyond prior records.

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Climeworks DAC Plant Capacity (Mammoth)

Climeworks' current plant captures 39,000 tons of CO2 per year.

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Louisiana DAC Plant Size

Climeworks' planned Louisiana plant will capture 1 million tons of CO2 annually by 2030, exceeding the current plant's capacity by a significant margin.

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Louisiana Plant vs. Mammoth Plant

The Louisiana plant is approximately 30 times larger than the current facility.

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Occidental's DAC Plant Capacity

OxyContin's Texas DAC plant aims to remove 500,000 tons of CO2 by 2025.

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Direct Air Capture (DAC)

A technology used to remove carbon dioxide directly from the atmosphere.

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SpaceX Mission

SpaceX mission involving spacewalk in new spacesuits without traditional life support.

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Pre-breathing Routine

A preparatory procedure to avoid decompression sickness before spacewalks.

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New Spacesuits

SpaceX spacesuits lacking traditional life support, relying on tethers for oxygen.

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Spacesuit Functionality Test

A 10-minute test to ensure the new spacesuits function properly.

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Dragon Spacecraft Splashdown

The Dragon spacecraft's return to Earth in the Gulf of Mexico.

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Herculaneum scrolls

Ancient papyrus scrolls found in the buried city of Herculaneum, Italy, preserved by the volcanic eruption.

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Charred papyrus

Scorched papyrus scrolls from Herculaneum, preserved but with ink-papyrus mixture making the text challenging to read.

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X-ray imaging

A non-destructive technique used to image the inside of the scrolls, enabling researchers to discern letters and words.

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Ancient library

The archive of collected scrolls located in a Herculaneum house that survived a volcanic eruption.

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Preservation by lack of oxygen

The Herculaneum scrolls were protected from decay because the volcanic ash did not allow access to oxygen.

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Ancient Scroll Decipherment Project

A project using AI and machine learning to decipher ancient scrolls and papyrus fragments.

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Vesuvius Challenge

A global competition for students to decipher ancient scrolls using AI and 3D X-ray images.

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AI in Historical Research

Using artificial intelligence to analyze and understand historical artifacts, like scrolls.

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First Deciphered Word

The Greek word for "purple" successfully decoded from the ancient scrolls.

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Virtual Unwrapping

A method using technology to virtually unroll ancient scrolls without physical damage.

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Vesuvius Challenge

A competition to decode ancient scrolls, especially one containing writings of the philosopher Philodemus, offering significant monetary prizes.

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Ancient scrolls

2000-year-old documents containing philosophical views

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Philodemus

A philosopher whose writings are contained in the ancient scroll.

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Decoding 85% of the scroll

A significant accomplishment of a team of students who deciphered 85% of the characters in four passages and 15 partial columns of text from the ancient scroll attributed to Philodemus.

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Graduate Student Success

A graduate student successfully identified the Greek word for purple, unlocking important ancient material.

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Alex Morgan's Retirement

Alex Morgan, a famous soccer player, announced retirement from professional play in 2024

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Soccer Career Highlights (Morgan)

Morgan played 15 years of pro soccer. Played in 22 World Cups and 16 Olympics. Scored early, pivotal goals in important matches.

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Influential player in USWNT

Morgan played a key role in several tournaments; she contributed to America's victories during 2015 and 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup titles

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Nickname 'Baby Horse'

Alex Morgan's distinctive running style earned her the nickname 'Baby Horse'.

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Morgan's Motivation for Retirement

Morgan felt ready to retire and focus on her family, expecting her second child.

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Alex Morgan's Lawsuit

In 2019, Alex Morgan and other USWNT players sued the US Soccer Federation for unequal pay and treatment.

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Alex Morgan's Foundation

Founded in 2023, this organization promotes equity and opportunities for girls and women.

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Alex Morgan's Final Game

On September 8, 2024, Alex Morgan played her last game for the San Diego Wave.

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USWNT's lawsuit success

The USWNT received $22 million in back pay after winning the lawsuit in 2022.

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Alex Morgan's statement

Morgan thanked the fans for their support in her final game, emphasizing the importance of the moment.

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