Pointers and Linked Lists Concepts
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Which operation is used to add a new node to a linked list?

  • Deletion
  • Insertion (correct)
  • Traversal
  • Dequeue

    • Inserting a node at the last position in a linked list involves pointing the last node's next pointer to the new node.

    True

    What are the three types of insertion in a linked list?

    Inserting at first, inserting at last, inserting at mid

    In the function insertFirst, if the head is NULL, the new node becomes the ______.

    <p>head</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the types of insertion with their descriptions:

    <p>Inserting at first = Adds a node before the current head Inserting at last = Adds a node after the current last node Inserting at mid = Adds a node between two existing nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if the position specified for deletion is greater than the size of the linked list?

    <p>The function does nothing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The search function will return the position of the value if it is not found in the linked list.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which scenario does a linked list facilitate adding new contacts in a phonebook?

    <p>When names need to be sorted in ascending order.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To delete a node from a linked list, we must first access the ______ node.

    <p>previous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each application of linked lists with its appropriate description:

    <p>Web-browser = Creates linked history for navigation Image viewer = Displays a sequence of images Phonebook = Stores contact names in order Search function = Locates a value in the list</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if the head of the list is NULL when inserting a node at the end?

    <p>The node becomes the head of the list.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The insertAtPos function allows insertion at any position in the linked list.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the 'prev' pointer in the insertion at position operation?

    <p>To point to the node before the insertion position.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the deletion process, we update the next pointer of the previous node to point to the ______ node of the target node.

    <p>next</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following operations with their descriptions:

    <p>insertLast = Adds a node at the end of the list insertAtPos = Inserts a node at a specific position deleteNode = Removes a node from the list insertFirst = Adds a node at the beginning of the list</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens in the insertAtPos function if the position specified is greater than the current size of the list?

    <p>The node is added at the end.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The next pointer of the new node remains NULL after it is inserted at the end.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in the deletion process in a linked list?

    <p>Find the previous and next nodes of the target node.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the enqueue function do in the provided code?

    <p>Adds a new element to the back of the queue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The dequeue function will always return the last element added to the queue.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the rear pointer when the queue becomes empty after a dequeue operation?

    <p>The rear pointer becomes NULL.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the peek function, the value returned is the ______ of the front node.

    <p>data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each function with its purpose:

    <p>enqueue = Add an element to the queue dequeue = Remove an element from the front peek = View the front element printQueue = Display all elements in the queue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the 'enqueue' function in the provided code?

    <p>To add a new node to the rear of the queue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The 'peek' function returns the data of the rear node of the queue.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the 'dequeue' function, if the front pointer becomes NULL, the ______ pointer should also be set to NULL.

    <p>rear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the functions with their respective purposes:

    <p>enqueue = Adds a new element to the queue dequeue = Removes and returns the front element peek = Returns the front element without removing it printQueue = Displays all elements in the queue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first action taken when the reading symbol is an operand?

    <p>Directly print it to the result</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A right parenthesis ')' is pushed onto the stack during infix to postfix conversion.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done when a left parenthesis '(' is encountered?

    <p>Push it into the stack</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When an operator is read, if it has ______ precedence than the top of the stack's operator, pop the stack.

    <p>higher or equal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following symbols with their corresponding actions:

    <p>Operand = Print directly Left Parenthesis = Push onto the stack Right Parenthesis = Pop until left parenthesis Operator = Push after checking precedence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'pop' operation do in a stack?

    <p>Removes the element from the top of the stack</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the expression (A+B)*(C-D), what is the resultant postfix notation?

    <p>A B + C D - *</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the conversion process, numbers must always be popped from the stack before they can be printed.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Items in a stack are removed in the order they were inserted.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the 'push' operation in a stack?

    <p>To add an element to the top of the stack.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a right parenthesis ')' is encountered in the conversion process?

    <p>Pop from the stack until the corresponding left parenthesis is found.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a stack, if the top is set to -1, it indicates that the stack is ______.

    <p>empty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the expression 10 + 2 * 8 - 3, the first action is to output the number ______.

    <p>10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the stack operations with their descriptions:

    <p>push = Adds an element to the top of the stack pop = Removes an element from the top of the stack peek = Retrieves the top element without removing it isEmpty = Checks if the stack has any elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When processing the expression 10 + 2 * 8 - 3, what happens after encountering the second operator '*', given that + is on the stack?

    <p>Push * onto the stack</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the Last-In, First-Out (LIFO) principle?

    <p>The last element added is the first one to be removed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A stack can be implemented using a linked list only.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the 'top' variable when an element is pushed onto a stack?

    <p>It is incremented by 1.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The function used to return the element at the top of the stack without removing it is called ______.

    <p>peek</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the 'size' operation in a stack?

    <p>To determine the number of elements in the stack</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which operation removes the top element from a stack implemented using a linked list?

    <p>Pop</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The push operation adds an element to the end of the linked list.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What data structure is used to implement a stack as described?

    <p>Linked list</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To reverse a string using a stack, we push each character into the stack and then ______ them.

    <p>pop</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the stack operation with its description:

    <p>Push = Inserts an element at the beginning of the stack Pop = Removes the top element of the stack Top = Accesses the top element without removing it IsEmpty = Checks if the stack has no elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main application of a stack in browsers?

    <p>To keep track of visited pages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The top of a stack implemented with a linked list is always NULL when it is empty.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of stack operations, what does 'top' refer to?

    <p>The top element of the stack</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When an element is popped from the stack, the top pointer moves to the ______ element.

    <p>next</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following actions is not an application of stacks?

    <p>Algorithm sorting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final result after evaluating the postfix expression 7 4 -3 * 1 5 + / *?

    <p>-14</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Postfix notation requires parentheses to indicate the order of operations.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the stack in evaluating a postfix expression?

    <p>To store operands during the evaluation process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When the expression evaluation is complete, the number in the stack is the ______ answer.

    <p>final</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following operations with their results after evaluating the expression:

    <p>7 4 - = 3 4 * -3 = -12 1 5 + = 6 -12 / 6 = -2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the postfix expression evaluation process, what happens if the element is an operator?

    <p>Pop operands from the stack and push the result back.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To convert an infix expression to postfix, numbers are outputted immediately as they are scanned.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do you begin evaluating a postfix expression?

    <p>By creating a stack to store operands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When the postfix expression is completely evaluated, the ______ in the stack represents the final result.

    <p>last number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the postfix expression with its corresponding evaluation steps:

    <p>7 4 -3 * = Multiply the first two popped values then subtract 1 5 + / = Add the last two popped values and then divide 4 * -3 = Multiply 4 by -3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'peek' operation in a stack do?

    <p>Retrieves the top element without removing it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a stack, the Last-In, First-Out (LIFO) principle means that the first element added is the first element removed.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when you call the 'pop' operation on a stack?

    <p>It removes the top element from the stack.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In stack implementations using arrays, the variable 'top' indicates the ______ element of the stack.

    <p>index of the top</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following stack operations with their descriptions:

    <p>push = Adds an element to the top of the stack pop = Removes the top element from the stack isEmpty = Checks if the stack has any elements size = Returns the number of elements in the stack</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which operation would you use to check if a stack is empty?

    <p>isEmpty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    It is possible to add elements to both ends of a stack.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of attempting to pop an element from an empty stack?

    <p>It can lead to an underflow error.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following operations removes the top element from a stack?

    <p>Pop</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a stack implementation using a linked list, the top pointer points to the last element added to the stack.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the push operation do in a stack implemented with a linked list?

    <p>Inserts a new element at the top of the stack.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The stack operation that adds an element at the beginning of the list is called ______.

    <p>push</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following stack operations with their corresponding descriptions:

    <p>Push = Removes the top element Pop = Adds a new element to the top Peek = Returns the top element without removing it IsEmpty = Checks if the stack is empty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one application of stacks?

    <p>Reversing a string</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a linked list stack, if the top is NULL, the stack is considered empty.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of reversing a string using a stack, what is the order of operations?

    <p>Push characters onto the stack then pop them to retrieve in reverse order.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action is taken when a right parenthesis ')' is encountered during infix to postfix conversion?

    <p>Pop operators from the stack until the left parenthesis is popped.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An operator is pushed onto the stack without checking its precedence first.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which notation is used to express the resultant of the expression (A+B)*(C-D)?

    <p>A B + C D - *</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the expression 10 + 2 * 8 - 3, the first output is the number _____ .

    <p>10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when an operator with higher precedence than the stack's top operator is read?

    <p>The operator is pushed onto the stack.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An operand is printed immediately upon being read.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of popping the stack when encountering an operator?

    <p>To ensure correct output order based on operator precedence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in evaluating a postfix expression?

    <p>Create a stack to store operands and scan the expression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a postfix expression, operands are evaluated right after being scanned.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final output of evaluating the postfix expression '7 4 -3 * 1 5 + / *'?

    <p>5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When the expression is ended, we pop all the ______ in the stack for the final output.

    <p>operators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following expressions with their evaluations:

    <p>10 + 2 * 8 - 3 = 10 2 8 * + 3 - 7 4 -3 * 1 5 + / * = 5 3 + 4 * 2 = 3 4 2 * + 5 1 2 + 4 * + 3 - = 14</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In postfix evaluation, operators are evaluated before operands are popped from the stack.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What remains on the stack after all operators are popped and the expression is ended?

    <p>The final result of the expression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When processing the expression '10 + 2 * 8 - 3', the result after outputting '10 2 8 * +' is _____

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following postfix expressions with their results:

    <p>7 4 -3 * 1 5 + / * = -14 10 2 8 * + 3 - = 27 4 5 + 6 * = 54 6 2 3 + * = 30</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a right parenthesis ')' is encountered during infix to postfix conversion?

    <p>Pop from the stack until a left parenthesis is encountered</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The '+' operator has higher precedence than the '*' operator.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the resultant postfix of the expression (A + B) * (C - D)?

    <p>A B + C D - *</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When an operand is read during conversion, it is ______ to the result.

    <p>printed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following operators with their precedence levels (1 for lowest, 3 for highest):

    <ul> <li>= 1</li> </ul> <ul> <li>= 3</li> </ul> <ul> <li>= 1 / = 3</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

    In the expression 10 + 2 * 8 - 3, which number is outputted first?

    <p>10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Operators are always pushed onto the stack without checking their precedence.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the algorithm do when it reads a left parenthesis '('?

    <p>Push it onto the stack</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the time complexity of the push operation in a stack implemented using a linked list?

    <p>O(1)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Popping an element from a stack removes the last element that was added to it.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the 'top' pointer in stack implementation using a linked list?

    <p>To point to the top node of the stack.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the push operation, if the stack is empty (top is ______), the new node becomes the top of the stack.

    <p>NULL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the stack operations with their respective descriptions:

    <p>Push = Adds an element to the top of the stack Pop = Removes the top element from the stack Peek = Returns the top element without removing it IsEmpty = Checks if the stack is empty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common application of stacks?

    <p>Reversing strings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of popping elements from a stack that contains the elements 11, 22, and 33 (top to bottom)?

    <p>33, 22, 11</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Stacks can be used to track the pages visited in a web browser tab.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the 'peek' operation in a stack?

    <p>Retrieve the top element without removing it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a stack, the operation to remove an element is called 'push'.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'isEmpty' operation determine in a stack?

    <p>It checks whether the stack is empty.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a stack implemented using an array, if the stack is empty, the top is set to ______.

    <p>-1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the stack operations with their correct descriptions:

    <p>push = Adds an element to the top of the stack pop = Removes an element from the top of the stack size = Determines the number of elements in the stack peek = Examines the element at the top of the stack</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement describes the Last-In, First-Out (LIFO) principle?

    <p>Items are removed in the reverse order of their addition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a stack implementation, the 'top' variable is always set to the size of the stack.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when an element is pushed onto a stack?

    <p>The top index is incremented, and the element is added at that index.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Pointers to Structures

    • Structures group related data
    • Pointers hold memory addresses
    • Pointers allow accessing struct members

    Linked Lists

    • Linear data structure
    • Nodes contain data and a pointer to the next node
    • Nodes link together sequentially
    • Each node stores data
    • Each node stores a reference to the next node
    • Head pointer refers to the first node
    • Last node points to NULL

    Creating a Linked List

    • No need to specify initial size
    • New nodes added when needed

    Traversal

    • Pointer to the initial node, a current node pointer
    • Loop structure to find the last node

    Size

    • Counter initialized to zero (count = 0)
    • Traversal through each node
    • Increments counter (count++)
    • Function returns final counter value

    Insertion

    • Inserting new nodes in the list
    • Three Insertion methods
      • Inserting at first
      • Inserting at last
      • Inserting at middle (within the list)

    Insertion at First (Prepend)

    • Point a new node towards the first node (existing head).
    • Update the head pointer to point to the newly created node

    Insertion at Last (Append)

    • Find the last node in the linked list
    • Point the last node's pointer to the new node

    Insertion at Position

    • Traverse until reaching the target position for insertion
    • Identify the node before and after the target position for updating pointers
    • Update pointers accordingly

    Deletion

    • Find the nodes before and after the target node
    • Update the pointer of the preceding node to the following node
    • Remove (delete) the unwanted node

    Searching

    • Initial pointer to the first node in the list
    • Loop to search within the linked list
    • Function returns position if found, otherwise it returns -1

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    Related Documents

    Lecture 4 - Stacks PDF
    Linked List Lecture Notes PDF
    Queue Implementation with Linked List (C++) PDF

    Description

    Explore the essential concepts of pointers and linked lists in data structures. This quiz covers topics such as node creation, traversal techniques, and various insertion methods. Test your understanding of how pointers interact with structures and the fundamentals of linked lists.

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