Poetry: Types, Arrangement & Structure

Types of Poetry

• Traditional or Conventional poetry adheres to established standards, rules, grammar, syntax, and regular rhyme and rhythm schemes, making it stricter in form.
• Modern or Contemporary poetry avoids rhyme and standard grammar, seeking new expression through free verse and accessible language.

Poetry Arrangement & Structure

• A line is a fundamental unit in poetry, examples of line-based structures include:
• Monostitch: A one-line poem
• Couplet: A two-line stanza
• Tercet: A three-line stanza
• Quatrain: A four-line stanza
• Quintain: A five-line stanza
• Sestet: A six-line stanza
• Septet: A seven-line stanza
• Octave: An eight-line stanza
• Verse gives structure to poetry, with types including:
• Rhymed verse: Employs a metrical form with consistent rhyme.
• Blank verse: Lacks a rhyme scheme but maintains a metrical pattern. -Free verse: Disregards rules for artistic expression and can be initial, medial or end.
• A stanza gives a structure to poetry, which is a fixed number of lines forming a unit
• Isometric: A stanza where every line has the same meter.
• Heterometric
• Spenserian
• Foot refers to a unit of rhythm in poetry:
• Iamb/Iambic: one unstressed and one stressed syllable (-/).
• Trochee/Trochaic: one stressed and one unstressed syllable (/-).
• Spondee/Spondaic: two stressed syllables (//).
• Anapest/Anapestic: three beats, two unstressed and one stressed (- -/).
• Dactyl/Dactylic: three beats, one stressed and two unstressed (/- -).
• Pyrrhic: two unstressed syllables (- -) {often prepositions}.
• Meter refers to the number of feet in a line of poetry
• Monometer: one foot
• Dimeter: two feet
• Trimeter: three feet
• Tetrameter: four feet
• Pentameter: five feet
• Form is the arrangement or method used to convey content, with types including:
• Open: free from regularity and consistency.
• Closed: fixed structure and pattern.
• Blank verse: unrhymed iambic pentameter.
• Free verse: no prescribed pattern or structure.
• Melody in poetry involves sound devices like rhyme:
• Single (Masculine) Rhyme: dame, same, love, dove.
• Double (Feminine) Rhyme: napping, tapping, weather, heather.
• Triple rhyme: mournfully, scornfully, victorious, glorious.
• Sight (Eye) rhyme: two words look alike (love & jove).
• Slant (Imperfect) rhyme: two words are nearly rhymed (lake and fate, gain and rain).
• Identical rhyme (Rime Riche): words spelled differently with same pronunciation (two and too, rite and right).
• End rhyme
• Internal rhyme

Introduction to Popular Literature

• Popular literature, also known as popular fiction or genre fiction, is designed to entertain and is derived from "Popularis" and "Literatura".
• This is mostly created for large audiences and easy to understand

Nature of Popular Literature

• Popular literature caters to a broad audience with writings that are easily understood and lack complexity.

Appeal of Popular Literature

• Writers adheres to a formula, focusing on plot development rather than character intricacies.
• Accessible language is used for maximum entertainment and relatability.
• Contemporary Literature = relatability
• Popular literature = readability

Social Function of Popular Literature

• Readers experience social situations through literary pieces.
• This mirrors societal situations, influencing perceptions of the past and present.

Drama

• Drama is a literary form written for performance, using dialogue, action, and stage directions to tell a story, and can be seen on digital media.
• Thespians were the first actors.
• Comedy
• Humorous
• Happy conclusion
• Lighthearted
• Tragedy
• Tragic
• Darker themes
• Serious themes
• Farce
• Nonsensical genre
• Exaggeration and stereotyped characters
• Melodrama
• Extreme emotions to convey message

Dramatic Structure

• Exposition
• Rising action
• Climax
• Falling action
• Denouement

Challenges in Contemporary Literature

• Literature's language-based and national nature faces globalization, while vernacular communication outpaces printed text.
• Intellectual property systems and book promotion are destabilized.
• Ink-on-paper manufacturing is an outdated industry with rising costs.
• The core demographic for printed media is aging faster than the general population.
• Digital public domain transforms literary heritage into a cost-free resource.
• A lack of urgency and barriers to publication entry enables a flood of sub literary content.
• Convergence erodes distinctions between media, reducing books to a minor part of broader entertainment franchises.
• Academic education faces bubble-inflation, and polarizing civil conflicts harm intellectual honesty.