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Questions and Answers
What is the main function of the urinary system?
What is the main function of the urinary system?
- Regulation of body temperature and blood pressure
- Transport of oxygen to body tissues
- Production of hormones only
- Production and removal of urine, regulation of body fluid volume and composition, and removal of waste products (correct)
Which hormone is produced by the urinary system?
Which hormone is produced by the urinary system?
- Renin-angiotensin (correct)
- Insulin
- Thyroxine
- Estrogen
What is the anatomical shape of the kidneys in horses?
What is the anatomical shape of the kidneys in horses?
- Elongated and flattened
- Oval and lobed
- Bean-shaped
- Heart-shaped (correct)
What surrounds the kidney externally?
What surrounds the kidney externally?
Which part of the kidney is responsible for ultrafiltration?
Which part of the kidney is responsible for ultrafiltration?
What is the function of the visceral layer in the renal corpuscle?
What is the function of the visceral layer in the renal corpuscle?
What is the composition of the renal corpuscle?
What is the composition of the renal corpuscle?
Which part of the nephron is responsible for creating narrow intercellular spaces?
Which part of the nephron is responsible for creating narrow intercellular spaces?
In which part of the kidney are the medullary rays located?
In which part of the kidney are the medullary rays located?
Where are the proximal tubules located in the nephron?
Where are the proximal tubules located in the nephron?
What is the main function of Henle's loop?
What is the main function of Henle's loop?
Which part of the kidney consists of a network of fenestrated capillaries?
Which part of the kidney consists of a network of fenestrated capillaries?
Where are the medullary rays located in the nephron?
Where are the medullary rays located in the nephron?
What is the function of mesangial cells in the renal glomerulus?
What is the function of mesangial cells in the renal glomerulus?
Which component forms the filtration slits in the glomerulus?
Which component forms the filtration slits in the glomerulus?
What is the composition of the basement membrane in the glomerulus?
What is the composition of the basement membrane in the glomerulus?
What is the function of the glomerular filtration barrier?
What is the function of the glomerular filtration barrier?
Which part of the nephron consists of the proximal convoluted tubule and proximal straight tubule?
Which part of the nephron consists of the proximal convoluted tubule and proximal straight tubule?
What is the epithelial lining of the proximal convoluted tubule characterized by?
What is the epithelial lining of the proximal convoluted tubule characterized by?
What organelle is abundant in the proximal tubule cells?
What organelle is abundant in the proximal tubule cells?
Where are lipid droplets found in the renal tubules of cats and dogs?
Where are lipid droplets found in the renal tubules of cats and dogs?
Which segment of the nephron is characterized by a simple squamous epithelium?
Which segment of the nephron is characterized by a simple squamous epithelium?
Where is the macula densa located?
Where is the macula densa located?
Which type of renal tubules have a greater lumen diameter, proximal or distal?
Which type of renal tubules have a greater lumen diameter, proximal or distal?
Which structure in the renal nephron has more interdigitations and mitochondria than proximal and distal convoluted tubules?
Which structure in the renal nephron has more interdigitations and mitochondria than proximal and distal convoluted tubules?
What is the function of macula densa in the distal convoluted tubule?
What is the function of macula densa in the distal convoluted tubule?
Which cells in the afferent arteriole wall secrete renin for blood pressure control?
Which cells in the afferent arteriole wall secrete renin for blood pressure control?
Which part of the urinary system includes arched connecting ducts, straight collecting ducts, and papillary ducts?
Which part of the urinary system includes arched connecting ducts, straight collecting ducts, and papillary ducts?
What is the role of extraglomerular mesangial cells in the renal corpuscle?
What is the role of extraglomerular mesangial cells in the renal corpuscle?
What is the function of the juxtaglomerular apparatus in the kidney?
What is the function of the juxtaglomerular apparatus in the kidney?
What is the role of the venous drainage of the kidney?
What is the role of the venous drainage of the kidney?
What type of epithelium lines the urinary passages?
What type of epithelium lines the urinary passages?
What are the components of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?
What are the components of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?
What part of the kidney receives blood from the renal arteries?
What part of the kidney receives blood from the renal arteries?
Study Notes
- The basal area of straight tubule cells in the renal nephron has more interdigitations and mitochondria than proximal and distal convoluted tubules.
- These cells form zonula occludens with their neighbors.
- Juxtaglomerular apparatus is a complex made up of three structures: macula densa, juxtaglomerular cells, and extraglomerular mesangial cells.
- Macula densa is a specialized structure in the distal convoluted tubule with cells that detect sodium ion concentration and intervene in renin release.
- Juxtaglomerular cells are smooth muscle fibers in the afferent arteriole wall, transformed into epithelioid cells that secrete renin for blood pressure control.
- Extraglomerular mesangial cells support the juxtaglomerular apparatus in the renal corpuscle but their functions are largely unknown.
- Collecting duct system is a part of the urinary system, including arched connecting ducts, straight collecting ducts, and papillary ducts.
- Renal circulation is segmented with the kidney receiving blood from the renal arteries, which then branch into interlobar, arcuate, and interlobular arteries, ending in afferent and efferent glomerular arterioles.
- Venous drainage of the kidney is performed by the accompanying vessels from the arteries and branches.
- Urinary passages, including calyxes, pelvis, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra, have a similar structural organization with a transitional epithelium or urothelium, muscularis, and serosa or adventitia.
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Description
Test your knowledge about podocytes and the basement membrane in the context of plasma filtration in the urinary space. Explore the structure and function of the basal lamina in this quiz.
