34 Questions
What is the main function of the urinary system?
Production and removal of urine, regulation of body fluid volume and composition, and removal of waste products
Which hormone is produced by the urinary system?
Renin-angiotensin
What is the anatomical shape of the kidneys in horses?
Heart-shaped
What surrounds the kidney externally?
Fibrous connective tissue with smooth muscle fibers
Which part of the kidney is responsible for ultrafiltration?
Renal corpuscle
What is the function of the visceral layer in the renal corpuscle?
Surrounds the glomerular capillaries and creates filtration slits
What is the composition of the renal corpuscle?
Renal glomerulus and Bowman's capsule
Which part of the nephron is responsible for creating narrow intercellular spaces?
Podocytes
In which part of the kidney are the medullary rays located?
Medulla
Where are the proximal tubules located in the nephron?
Cortex
What is the main function of Henle's loop?
Reabsorption of water and ions
Which part of the kidney consists of a network of fenestrated capillaries?
Renal glomerulus
Where are the medullary rays located in the nephron?
Medulla
What is the function of mesangial cells in the renal glomerulus?
Supporting structure for capillaries
Which component forms the filtration slits in the glomerulus?
Podocytes
What is the composition of the basement membrane in the glomerulus?
Three layers: lamina rara externa, lamina rara interna, and lamina densa
What is the function of the glomerular filtration barrier?
Selectively filters molecules based on size, charge, and blood pressure
Which part of the nephron consists of the proximal convoluted tubule and proximal straight tubule?
Proximal tubule
What is the epithelial lining of the proximal convoluted tubule characterized by?
Simple cuboidal to low columnar epithelium with numerous microvilli
What organelle is abundant in the proximal tubule cells?
Mitochondria
Where are lipid droplets found in the renal tubules of cats and dogs?
Proximal convoluted tubule in cats and straight tubule in dogs
Which segment of the nephron is characterized by a simple squamous epithelium?
Thin tubule
Where is the macula densa located?
At the vascular pole of the renal corpuscle in the straight distal tubule.
Which type of renal tubules have a greater lumen diameter, proximal or distal?
Distal tubules
Which structure in the renal nephron has more interdigitations and mitochondria than proximal and distal convoluted tubules?
Straight tubule cells
What is the function of macula densa in the distal convoluted tubule?
Detecting sodium ion concentration and intervening in renin release
Which cells in the afferent arteriole wall secrete renin for blood pressure control?
Juxtaglomerular cells
Which part of the urinary system includes arched connecting ducts, straight collecting ducts, and papillary ducts?
Collecting duct system
What is the role of extraglomerular mesangial cells in the renal corpuscle?
Supporting the juxtaglomerular apparatus
What is the function of the juxtaglomerular apparatus in the kidney?
Secreting renin for blood pressure control
What is the role of the venous drainage of the kidney?
Draining blood from the kidney
What type of epithelium lines the urinary passages?
Transitional epithelium or urothelium
What are the components of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?
Macula densa, juxtaglomerular cells, extraglomerular mesangial cells
What part of the kidney receives blood from the renal arteries?
Renal corpuscle
Study Notes
- The basal area of straight tubule cells in the renal nephron has more interdigitations and mitochondria than proximal and distal convoluted tubules.
- These cells form zonula occludens with their neighbors.
- Juxtaglomerular apparatus is a complex made up of three structures: macula densa, juxtaglomerular cells, and extraglomerular mesangial cells.
- Macula densa is a specialized structure in the distal convoluted tubule with cells that detect sodium ion concentration and intervene in renin release.
- Juxtaglomerular cells are smooth muscle fibers in the afferent arteriole wall, transformed into epithelioid cells that secrete renin for blood pressure control.
- Extraglomerular mesangial cells support the juxtaglomerular apparatus in the renal corpuscle but their functions are largely unknown.
- Collecting duct system is a part of the urinary system, including arched connecting ducts, straight collecting ducts, and papillary ducts.
- Renal circulation is segmented with the kidney receiving blood from the renal arteries, which then branch into interlobar, arcuate, and interlobular arteries, ending in afferent and efferent glomerular arterioles.
- Venous drainage of the kidney is performed by the accompanying vessels from the arteries and branches.
- Urinary passages, including calyxes, pelvis, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra, have a similar structural organization with a transitional epithelium or urothelium, muscularis, and serosa or adventitia.
Test your knowledge about podocytes and the basement membrane in the context of plasma filtration in the urinary space. Explore the structure and function of the basal lamina in this quiz.
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