LESSON 23 multiple Urinary
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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of the urinary system?

  • Regulation of body temperature and blood pressure
  • Transport of oxygen to body tissues
  • Production of hormones only
  • Production and removal of urine, regulation of body fluid volume and composition, and removal of waste products (correct)
  • Which hormone is produced by the urinary system?

  • Renin-angiotensin (correct)
  • Insulin
  • Thyroxine
  • Estrogen
  • What is the anatomical shape of the kidneys in horses?

  • Elongated and flattened
  • Oval and lobed
  • Bean-shaped
  • Heart-shaped (correct)
  • What surrounds the kidney externally?

    <p>Fibrous connective tissue with smooth muscle fibers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the kidney is responsible for ultrafiltration?

    <p>Renal corpuscle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the visceral layer in the renal corpuscle?

    <p>Surrounds the glomerular capillaries and creates filtration slits (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of the renal corpuscle?

    <p>Renal glomerulus and Bowman's capsule (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the nephron is responsible for creating narrow intercellular spaces?

    <p>Podocytes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which part of the kidney are the medullary rays located?

    <p>Medulla (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the proximal tubules located in the nephron?

    <p>Cortex (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of Henle's loop?

    <p>Reabsorption of water and ions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the kidney consists of a network of fenestrated capillaries?

    <p>Renal glomerulus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the medullary rays located in the nephron?

    <p>Medulla (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of mesangial cells in the renal glomerulus?

    <p>Supporting structure for capillaries (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component forms the filtration slits in the glomerulus?

    <p>Podocytes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of the basement membrane in the glomerulus?

    <p>Three layers: lamina rara externa, lamina rara interna, and lamina densa (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the glomerular filtration barrier?

    <p>Selectively filters molecules based on size, charge, and blood pressure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the nephron consists of the proximal convoluted tubule and proximal straight tubule?

    <p>Proximal tubule (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the epithelial lining of the proximal convoluted tubule characterized by?

    <p>Simple cuboidal to low columnar epithelium with numerous microvilli (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What organelle is abundant in the proximal tubule cells?

    <p>Mitochondria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are lipid droplets found in the renal tubules of cats and dogs?

    <p>Proximal convoluted tubule in cats and straight tubule in dogs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which segment of the nephron is characterized by a simple squamous epithelium?

    <p>Thin tubule (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the macula densa located?

    <p>At the vascular pole of the renal corpuscle in the straight distal tubule. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of renal tubules have a greater lumen diameter, proximal or distal?

    <p>Distal tubules (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in the renal nephron has more interdigitations and mitochondria than proximal and distal convoluted tubules?

    <p>Straight tubule cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of macula densa in the distal convoluted tubule?

    <p>Detecting sodium ion concentration and intervening in renin release (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells in the afferent arteriole wall secrete renin for blood pressure control?

    <p>Juxtaglomerular cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the urinary system includes arched connecting ducts, straight collecting ducts, and papillary ducts?

    <p>Collecting duct system (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of extraglomerular mesangial cells in the renal corpuscle?

    <p>Supporting the juxtaglomerular apparatus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the juxtaglomerular apparatus in the kidney?

    <p>Secreting renin for blood pressure control (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the venous drainage of the kidney?

    <p>Draining blood from the kidney (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of epithelium lines the urinary passages?

    <p>Transitional epithelium or urothelium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the components of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

    <p>Macula densa, juxtaglomerular cells, extraglomerular mesangial cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What part of the kidney receives blood from the renal arteries?

    <p>Renal corpuscle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    • The basal area of straight tubule cells in the renal nephron has more interdigitations and mitochondria than proximal and distal convoluted tubules.
    • These cells form zonula occludens with their neighbors.
    • Juxtaglomerular apparatus is a complex made up of three structures: macula densa, juxtaglomerular cells, and extraglomerular mesangial cells.
    • Macula densa is a specialized structure in the distal convoluted tubule with cells that detect sodium ion concentration and intervene in renin release.
    • Juxtaglomerular cells are smooth muscle fibers in the afferent arteriole wall, transformed into epithelioid cells that secrete renin for blood pressure control.
    • Extraglomerular mesangial cells support the juxtaglomerular apparatus in the renal corpuscle but their functions are largely unknown.
    • Collecting duct system is a part of the urinary system, including arched connecting ducts, straight collecting ducts, and papillary ducts.
    • Renal circulation is segmented with the kidney receiving blood from the renal arteries, which then branch into interlobar, arcuate, and interlobular arteries, ending in afferent and efferent glomerular arterioles.
    • Venous drainage of the kidney is performed by the accompanying vessels from the arteries and branches.
    • Urinary passages, including calyxes, pelvis, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra, have a similar structural organization with a transitional epithelium or urothelium, muscularis, and serosa or adventitia.

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    Description

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