36 Questions
Which diagnostic test is used to evaluate the partial pressure of gas in blood and acid-base content?
Arterial Blood Gases
What does spirometry measure?
Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) and Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV)
When is a pleural biopsy performed?
To evaluate lung neoplasia
What does a chest X-ray (CXR) primarily image?
Structures within the chest cavity
What is the purpose of sputum analysis?
To identify infectious agents in the respiratory system
What does arterial blood gas (ABG) measure?
Partial pressure of gas in blood and acid-base content
What does a spirometry measure directly?
Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) and Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV)
CT imaging is primarily used for imaging which part of the body?
Chest cavity
What is the expected range for pH levels in arterial blood?
7.35-7.45
What does a pleural biopsy help to determine?
Cause of exudative pleural effusion or lung neoplasia
What is the physiological hallmark of asthma?
Thickening of the airway epithelium and secretions
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)?
Age under 30 years old
What is the causative factor for acute bronchitis?
Overproduction and hypersecretion of mucus from goblet cells
What is the major abnormality in cystic fibrosis?
Dehydration of mucosal surfaces and visceral secretions
What are the ocular manifestations associated with Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)?
Excessive daytime somnolence
How is Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) diagnosed?
Chest CT
What is the characteristic feature of chronic bronchitis?
Chronic productive cough lasting 3 months or more occurring within a span of 2 years
What treatment is recommended for obstructive sleep apnea?
Lifestyle changes and managing underlying medical conditions
What is the common treatment for asthma?
Inhaled glucocorticoids combined with beta-agonist
What is the pathophysiological characteristic of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)?
Damage to airways distal to terminal bronchioles causing abnormal and permanent dilatation of the airspaces
Which viral organism is NOT commonly associated with community-acquired pneumonia?
Parainfluenza virus 3
What is the most common etiology of the 'common cold'?
Rhinoviruses
Which test is more specific for diagnosing latent infections of Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
Interferon release assays (IGRA)
What is the hallmark of tuberculosis?
Caseating granulomas
Which disease is characterized by noncaseating granulomas in various organs?
Sarcoidosis
What is the most common cause of lung cancer?
Smoking
Which symptom is NOT commonly associated with lung neoplasms?
Fever
Which infection primarily affects the nose, sinuses, pharynx, larynx, and large airways?
Upper respiratory tract infection (URTI)
Which type of lung cancer accounts for the highest percentage of cases?
Adenocarcinoma
What is the primary manifestation of Pancoast-Tobias Syndrome?
Severe shoulder/arm pain
What percentage of lung cancers are Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)?
70-75%
Which type of lung cancer accounts for 25-30% of cases?
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
What is the characteristic feature of Lung Pancoast Tumor?
Wide range of tumors invading the apical chest wall
What percentage of lung cancers are Small Cell Carcinoma (SCLC)?
20-25%
Which type of lung cancer accounts for 10-15% of cases?
Large Cell Carcinoma
What percentage of lung cancers are Combined pattern?
2%-10%
Test your knowledge of the symptoms and diagnostic procedures for pneumonia, a common lung infection in older adults. Learn about the presenting signs, imaging findings, and laboratory tests used to diagnose this condition.
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